共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
为了研究北方浅水湖泊冬季结冰对风生流的影响,采用MIKE21构建山东省聊城市东昌湖水动力学模型,分析真实风场作用下6种风应力拖曳系数对应的模拟流速与实测数据的差异,进一步讨论了冰盖面积对模拟结果产生的影响。结果表明,风应力拖曳系数为随风速连续变化比设置为常数模拟精度提高20%左右,其中采用微风条件下的风应力拖曳系数表达式模拟效果最好。此外,冬季水体结冰对风生流数值模拟影响较大,尤其是在被冰盖所覆盖的水域,风应力对水体流动的作用减弱甚至被抵消。与传统的风生流模拟相比,在北方浅水湖泊冬季风生流模拟中,引入冰场或是对风应力拖曳系数进行相应调整是有必要的。 相似文献
2.
为解析波流边界层内泥沙运动,建立了基于水动力-泥沙-床面互馈过程的波流边界层1DV泥沙数学模型,可用于模拟不同床面形态下粉沙-沙的含沙量过程。床面形态模块提供床面形态类型和相应参数;给出了平底和沙波床面粗糙高度和泥沙扩散系数的确定方法;采用了适宜粉沙及沙的制约沉速、底部参考浓度和起动剪切应力等公式;引入含沙量层化效应和制约沉降反映水动力与泥沙之间的相互影响。水槽试验资料验证表明,建立的模型较好地模拟了不同床面不同波流组合条件下的含沙量剖面。在此基础上,讨论了不同床面含沙量剖面模拟方法的差异,指出床面形态是决定含沙量变化的重要因素之一,仅通过改变床面粗糙高度不足以反映漩涡沙波床面的含沙量剖面特征。该模型可为研究波流边界层内泥沙运动和物质输运提供工具。 相似文献
3.
泥-水界面物质交换过程对自然水体中污染物的迁移转化起重要作用,粗糙底床界面物质交换过程涉及到床面粗糙度和底床渗透率的影响。通过实验室环形水槽实验测量得到水力粗糙砂质底床条件下界面物质交换通量的定量数据和变化特征,采用参数化方法分析有效扩散系数与其主要影响参数之间的依赖关系。实验结果表明,在实验参数变化范围内,受上覆水平均流速、床面粗糙度和底床渗透率的共同作用,有效扩散系数从水力光滑区、过渡粗糙区至完全粗糙区呈现较为明显的分段变化特征,采用渗透率雷诺数可将有效扩散系数与其主要影响参数的依赖关系进行较为一致的描述。基于双参数(粗糙雷诺数和渗透率雷诺数)分析,确定了不同流动区域的相应阈值以合理表征床面粗糙度和底床渗透率对界面物质交换特性的综合影响。 相似文献
4.
泥-水界面物质交换过程对自然水体中污染物的迁移转化起重要作用,粗糙底床界面物质交换过程涉及到床面粗糙度和底床渗透率的影响。通过实验室环形水槽实验测量得到水力粗糙砂质底床条件下界面物质交换通量的定量数据和变化特征,采用参数化方法分析有效扩散系数与其主要影响参数之间的依赖关系。实验结果表明,在实验参数变化范围内,受上覆水平均流速、床面粗糙度和底床渗透率的共同作用,有效扩散系数从水力光滑区、过渡粗糙区至完全粗糙区呈现较为明显的分段变化特征,采用渗透率雷诺数可将有效扩散系数与其主要影响参数的依赖关系进行较为一致的描述。基于双参数(粗糙雷诺数和渗透率雷诺数)分析,确定了不同流动区域的相应阈值以合理表征床面粗糙度和底床渗透率对界面物质交换特性的综合影响。 相似文献
5.
波流边界层水动力模拟对研究波流相互作用和泥沙运动具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。开发了波流边界层1DV垂向一维水动力数值模型,可用于模拟漩涡沙波床面和平底床面水动力特征。模型的构建基于边界层控制方程,平底床面采用k-ε模型,沙波床面采用双层模型,提出了漩涡层和紊动扩散层交界面紊动动能和紊动耗散率表达式。试验资料验证表明,模型较好地模拟了波浪-水流-床面共同作用下的边界层水动力特征,包括波周期内不同相位流速分布、紊动动能、剪切应力等以及波致时均流速分布和波流相互作用下的时均流速分布等。根据所建模型,讨论了不同床面和波流组合条件下的水动力特征。该模型可为研究波流边界层内水动力特征提供工具。 相似文献
6.
根据高盐度湖泊水动力特征,以西北咸水湖泊艾比湖为例,建立三维水动力数学模型。选取典型风场,分析风力作用下的高盐度湖泊风生流形成过程以及风生流水动力参数的三维空间分布特征。结果表明,艾比湖风生流形成在时间上可分为湖水流向和风向一致阶段、湖水运动方向逐渐偏离风向的过渡阶段及环流形成的稳定阶段等3个阶段。当流场达到稳定状态时,表层水体除中部存在若干小尺度环流外,大部分水域流向与风向基本一致;而湖泊中心区域底层水体流向与表层水体的流向大致相反,表现为很明显的补偿流。总体上,水平方向的流速自表层向下呈现递减的变化趋势,岸边流速大于中心流速,表现出与淡水湖泊基本相似的水动力空间分布特征。水体盐度增加对湖泊环流结构无影响。 相似文献
7.
建立了波浪、底部离岸流、泥沙运动和沙滩剖面演变耦合数学模型,模拟了实验室中波浪作用下沙坝剖面的形成过程,讨论了各个物理参数对剖面上的水动力和地形变化的影响。通过参数率定,较好地复演了不规则波作用下沙滩地形由均匀斜坡向沙坝剖面的演变,波高、底部离岸流、输沙率和剖面演变的计算结果与实测数据吻合良好。采用数值实验和误差分析方法,讨论了破碎波水滚倾角、泥沙扩散系数和床面休止角等物理参数对计算结果的影响。研究表明,所建立的模型能较好地描述波浪作用下沙坝剖面形成过程中的重要物理机制。 相似文献
8.
为了对渤海海冰生消问题进行模拟,基于三维自由水面垂向分层动网格的Euler-Lagrangian模式,采用VC（Vertex-Centered）方式的非结构化有限体积方法离散三维浅水方程组,模拟渤海的水流运动过程。以此水动力场为背景,引入热力学过程的影响,对渤海海域的冬季结冰过程进行模拟,建立了海冰生消模型。其中热力学参数主要包括大气温度、相对湿度、风场特征、太阳辐射、感热通量系数以及潜热通量系数。以渤海2011/2012年常冰年的结冰过程为例,将各个热力学参数对冰情影响的敏感性进行分析,对模型进行了验证。结果表明,感热与潜热系数是对冰情影响最敏感的一项,即当感热和潜热通量系数仅减小了0.000 2后,其海冰的最大厚度就减小了15 cm。最后,通过连续实测的水动力数据与2009/2010年冬季的典型海冰灾害过程再一次对模型进行了验证,充分说明了模型具有较高的精确性、稳定性与实用性。 相似文献
9.
植物的存在改变了河流水动力特性,造成独特的床面冲淤态势。利用实验室水槽模拟含淹没植物的河道,对床面形态和紊流统计特性参数进行测量,研究不同类型紊流作用下的床面冲淤特征以及床面起伏对流动的影响。结果表明:床面剪切紊流条件下,床面形态为马蹄坑-沙沟/沙脊与沙波复合分布,床面变形加剧了流速沿水深不均匀分布并促进水流动量交换;在自由剪切混合层紊流条件下,床面形态为植物根部马蹄形冲坑及其后方沙沟、沙脊交错分布,床面变形对流动的影响并不显著;“类二重紊流”条件下,床面形态同样表现为马蹄坑-沙沟/沙脊-沙波复合,床面变形促进植物层内部的水流动量交换、抑制紊动清扫,抑制植物层外部的动量交换、促进紊动喷射。 相似文献
10.
为了解析底部高含沙层特征,研究了物理影响机制和时均含沙量剖面。采用波流边界层1DV泥沙数学模型,结合试验资料,通过设置不同的计算工况进行了影响因素敏感性分析;在此基础上,提出波浪相关的时均泥沙扩散系数分布,考虑主要影响机制,推导了基于边界层物理过程的波浪作用下时均含沙量剖面表达式。结果表明,底部高含沙层与波浪边界层密切相关,是受水动力和床面形态综合影响的结果。仅建立高含沙层与水动力或床面形态的单一关系是有局限性的。含沙量层化效应和制约沉速对底部高含沙层具有重要影响。提出的平底床面含沙量剖面表达式为幂函数-Rouse-指数分布,漩涡沙波床面为指数-幂函数-Rouse分布。预期可应用于二维和三维泥沙数值模拟。 相似文献
11.
On the influence of changes in the drag relation on surface wind speeds and storm surge forecasts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study it is investigated how uncertainties in the magnitude of the drag coefficient translate into uncertainties in storm surge forecasts in the case of severe weather. A storm surge model is used with wind stress data from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, to simulate several recent storms over the North Sea. For a fixed wind speed, the wind stress is linear in the drag coefficient. However, in the NWP model the wind speed is not fixed and increasing the drag in the NWP model results into reduced wind speeds. The results from simulations show that for given increase in the drag coefficient, the weakening of the 10-m wind field reduces the increase in the stress considerably. When the Charnock parameter is increased in the NWP model, the resulting relative changes in the wind stress are almost independent of the wind speed. This is related to the fact that the depth of the surface boundary layer depends on the wind speed. The ratio between relative changes in the wind stress and relative changes in the drag coefficient depends on the wind speed. For 10-m wind speeds larger than 20?m?s?1 the ratio is 0.52; for lower wind speed criteria the ratio is somewhat larger (??0.60). Approximately 36% of the relative change in the drag coefficient translates into a relative change in the surge in stations at the Dutch coast. The relative increase in the storm surge is approximately 68% of the relative increase in the stress. 相似文献
12.
Kusuma G. Rao 《Journal of Earth System Science》1996,105(3):273-287
Using MONTBLEX-90 mean velocity data, roughness lengths and drag coefficients are estimated at Jodhpur and Kharagpur. At Jodhpur,
since the surface is not uniform the roughness length is estimated separately in three different subsectors within the range
of prevailing wind directions and averages to 1.23 cm in the sector between 200° and 230° which is relatively flat with no
obstacles on the ground. At Kharagpur, where the terrain is more nearly homogeneous, the average value (for all prevailing
wind directions) is 1.94 cm.
The drag coefficient CD at Jodhpur shows variation both with the roughness subsector and with wind speed, the average over all directions increasing
rapidly as themean wind speed Ū10 at 10m height drops according to the power lawC
D
= 0.05 Ū
10
t-1.09
in trie range 0.5 < Ū10 < 7 m s−1. At Kharagpur, the drag coefficient is smaller than at Jodhpur by nearly 50% for the same range of wind speeds (> 3 ms−1). 相似文献
13.
Jiacong Huang Junfeng Gao Georg Hörmann Nicola Fohrer 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(9):3609-3621
Understanding the short-term response of phytoplankton biomass on environmental variables is needed for issuing early warnings of harmful algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems. Predicting harmful algal blooms are particularly challenging in large shallow lakes due to their complex mixing patterns. This study used a two-dimensional hydrodynamic–phytoplankton model to evaluate the effects of environmental variables on short-term changes in the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in a large shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China. Two simulations were performed using daily and hourly average wind condition and water temperature data collected in 2009. Other model inputs were identical for these two simulations. The response of phytoplankton to wind conditions, light intensity, water temperature, and total dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were examined based on a sensitivity analysis using the hourly data. Hourly simulation achieved a more realistic distribution of phytoplankton biomass than the daily simulation. This finding implies that data with a higher temporal resolution are more useful for short-term prediction of phytoplankton biomass in this lake. Sensitivity analysis indicated that water temperature and light intensity dominate short-term changes in phytoplankton biomass in this lake. Wind conditions also affect phytoplankton biomass distribution by causing advective water movement. 相似文献
14.
Ping Lv Zhibao Dong Qingsong Mu Wanyin Luo Guangqiang Qian 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):125-131
Shrubs that exert drag force on the wind significantly affect the air–surface interaction in arid and semiarid regions, and some coastal regions where aeolian processes are active. An understanding of the drag force on wind of shrubs provides important information on the dynamics of shrubs in reducing wind erosion, and their geomorphological significances. Thus, we analyzed the drag force and drag coefficient for model shrubs using wind measurements obtained by particle image velocimetry in a scaled wind tunnel simulation. The drag force was found to be a function of wind velocity and shrub density. Both drag force and drag coefficient revealed a critical shrub density of around 0.08. The vertical drag force changed direction when the shrub density became greater or less than the critical density. The drag coefficient increased rapidly with shrub density when the density was below 0.08, but it increased very gently when the density was increased beyond the critical value. The results have an important theoretical significance for our understanding of the dynamics of vegetated dunes and the windbreak mechanism of shrubs. 相似文献
15.
J. M. T. Stam 《Mathematical Geology》1996,28(5):519-536
A two-dimensional analytical model is developed for the morphodynamics of aeolian dunes. The basis of the model is the sediment continuity equation, which is solved using a linearized sediment transport formula. The air flow over the topography is calculated with a steady-state boundary-layer model. This results in a series of analytical expressions for the shear stress, sediment transport, topography through time, and growth and migration of a sine-shaped dune. These expressions give quantitative relationships between bedform behavior (i.e., growth and migration) and factors such as wind velocity and surface roughness. In this way it can be seen that growth and migration rates increase for higher wind velocity, higher surface roughness and higher wave numbers (i.e., shorter wave lengths). 相似文献
16.
Wind tunnel experiments on the turbulent transmission over the near surface layer of different surfaces 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To understand the generation and development mechanism of soil erosion, data of the wind profile from wind tunnel experiments were used, and the characteristics of the turbulent transmission with free stream velocity and the properties of the surfaces in arid and semi-arid regions were studied by the atmospheric aerodynamic method. The result showed that the turbulent momentum fluxes are proportional to the velocity and the roughness of the surfaces. In addition, they are closely related to the density of the roughness elements; the turbulent exchange coefficient over the near surface layer increases with height. 相似文献
17.
The temporal and spatial discontinuity of microplastic sampling data restricts the investigation on their source, sink, transport pathway and trend. Numerical simulation combined with sampling investigation can comprehensively study the effects of microplastic characteristics, meteorology and hydrodynamics on the distribution and transportation of microplastics. In this paper, the studies of microplastic numerical simulation were reviewed from the aspects of numerical simulating research and their applications in microplastic tranportation, and the results were summarized as follows: The construction of the main driving force (current); the influence of environmental factors, such as wind, waves, topography and extreme sea conditions on the properties of microplastics with different characteristics (particle size, density, shape) and their tranportation; the application of numerical simulation in the study of microplastic removal. Based on progress on the study of numerical simulation of marine microplastics, the future directions were pointed out that the further simulating studies should focuson the spatio-temporal distribution and evolvement of microplastics by combining sampling data and numerical model, the simulating research on the relationship between microplastic parameters (roughness, wind drag coefficient, settling rate, resuspension rate and biofouling rate) and (meteorological and ocean) dynamic condition. Moreover, the results of simulating sensitivity experiments should be compared with sampling and laboratory testing data to improve the empirical parameters and formulas of numerical model. 相似文献
18.
The paper of Reid and Whitaker (1976) on the effects of a vegetation canopy on flow of water is re-examined. Their assumptions on the equality of various drag coefficients are replaced by more realistic calculations. A new method for calculating wind stress on water is presented for the case when the vegetation extends above the water surface.For the case of vanishingly small water depth, it is shown that the horizontal stress is approximately constant in the vertical. This results in a diagnostic relationship for the water current as a function of the wind stress and bottom roughness.A new expression for the vertically averaged frictional force per unit mass is derived on the assumption that the friction velocity varies linearly with height. The vertical rate of change of friction velocity depends on the mean water current, the wind stress, the bottom roughness, and the water depth. This work has a possible application in the mitigation of storm surges. 相似文献