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1.
1994 COMPILATION OF ANALYTICAL DATA FOR MINOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN SEVENTEEN GSJ GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES, "IGNEOUS ROCK SERIES" 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
Noboru IMAI Shigeru TERASHIMA Shiro ITOH Atsushi ANDO 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1995,19(2):135-213
Analytical data for minor and trace elements published or communicated to us, on seventeen GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples, "Igneous rock series" received up to April 1994 are compiled. The data were evaluated statistically in consideration of analytical methods. Based on the selected available data, 1994 recommended and proposed values for 65 minor and trace elements are presented. 相似文献
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"巫山黄土"的磁组构特征及成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨"巫山黄土"的成因类型, 对新近发现的"巫山黄土"进行了磁组构测试和磁化率主轴特征分析, 并与长江现代沉积物以及长江中游一带分布的风积黄土和"砂山"的磁组构特征进行了对比.结果表明: (1)"巫山黄土"的κ、P、F、L、E值与风积黄土和"砂山"接近, 却明显低于长江现代沉积物的相应值; (2)在磁组构参数F-L关系图上, "巫山黄土"的数据点多集中于坐标原点附近, 与长江中游一带风积黄土和"砂山"的特征也类似, 均指示了沉积动力相对比较弱的沉积环境.而长江现代河流沉积物的数据点却主要分布于F轴附近, 反映长江现代河流沉积物的F较L发育; (3)"巫山黄土"的磁化率最大主轴特点也与长江中游风积黄土和"砂山"的接近, 偏角的方向比较分散, 长轴的倾角为36°~38°, 短轴的倾角为37°~39°, 而长江现代河流沉积物的磁化率最大主轴偏角的方向比较稳定, 并且长轴的倾角一般小于10°, 短轴的倾角大于80°; (4)"巫山黄土"样品的T值介于-1~1之间, 而长江现代河流沉积物的T值却主要以大于1为主.综合看来, "巫山黄土"的磁组构特征与长江中游一带的风积黄土和"砂山"接近, 指示了其风积成因的特点. 相似文献
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S. ABBEY 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1981,5(1):13-26
A comparison is made between various measures proposed thus far for deducing the "best values" from discordant data received in the course of collaborative analysis of proposed reference rocks. Using the raw data on three Canadian samples and the summation and "iron-oxide compatibility" tests, it is claimed that the "select laboratories" method produces the best results. 相似文献
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1998 Compilation of Analytical Data for Five GSJ Geochemical Reference Samples: The "Instrumental Analysis Series" 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Noboru Imai Shigeru Terashima Shiro Itoh Atsushi Ando 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1999,23(2):223-250
Analytical data for five GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples, the "Instrumental analysis series" received by October 1998, are compiled. The data reported in publications and personal communications were evaluated statistically, taking into account the analytical method and sample preparation. Based on the selected available data, recommended and preferred values for fourteen major and fifty one minor and trace elements are proposed. 相似文献
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Noboru IMAI Shigeru TERASHIMA Shiro ITOH Atsushi ANDO 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1996,20(2):165-216
Analytical data compiled on nine Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) reference samples, "Sedimentary rock series" received by February 1996 are reported. After excluding outliers and examining critically the analytical procedures employed, the data were evaluated statistically. Recommended or preferable values for fifteen major and sixty minor and trace elements are proposed. 相似文献
6.
Additional analytical data for the thirteen oxides usually determined in a rock analysis by wet methods and estimates and, conclusions from the analysis of variance are presented for the eight new USGS rock standards STM-1, RGM-1, QLO-1, SCo-1, MAG-1, SDC-1, BHVO-1 and SGR-1. The "single-solution" method of sample dissolution, and the "rapid methods" described by Shapiro were used. Three bottles of each standard were analyzed in duplicate, providing six replicate analyses of each sample. Relative standard deviations ranged from 0. 00 to 202 %, with only 12 of the possible 104 sample-oxide combinations exceeding 10 %. Most deviations exceeding 10 % occur with oxides at very low concentrations or with the determi-nation, of H2 O+ and CO2 , all of which often yield poor precision. These data indicate that the rapid wet chemical methods, except possibly for H2 O+ and CO2 , or when very low concentrations are present, can be considered reliable. Of the 104 F-ratios calculated during the analysis of variance for sample-oxide combinations, only eight equal or exceed the tabled value of 9. 55 for F0.95 (d. f. 2, 3). These data strongly support the conclusion that the contents of the bottles may be considered homogeneous for most oxides determined. When our data for an oxide in the several samples are plotted versus similar data in the USGS Prof. Paper 840 by several methods, the plots generally show good agreement for most sample-oxide combinations, but approximately thirty of the 104 show substantial differences, with no obvious correlation between the various methods used or the nature or magnitude of the differences. 相似文献
7.
Atsushi ANDO Naoki MITA Shigeru TERASHIMA 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1987,11(2):159-166
During the five-year period (April 1981 - March 1986), a series of fifteen rock reference samples, "Igneous rock series", has been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ). Based on the data available (published and communicated), consensus values for major, minor and trace elements have been derived; these values are presented for this second series of samples as well as for the first series of two samples, Granodiorite JG-1 and Basalt JB-1. 相似文献
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Nicholas M. S. Rock 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(3):243-275
Numerical data summaries in many geochemical papers rely on arithmetic means, with or without standard deviations. Yet the mean is the worst average (estimate of location) for those extremely common geochemical data sets which are non-normally distributed or include outliers. The widely used geometric mean, although allowing for skewed distributions, is equally susceptible to outliers. The superior performance of 19 robust estimates of location (simple median, plus various combined, adaptive, trimmed, and skipped,L, M, andW estimates) is illustrated using real geochemical data sets varying in sources of error (pure analytical error to multicomponent geological variability), modality (unimodal to polymodal), size (20 to >2000 data values), and continuity (continuous to truncated in either or both tails). The arithmetic mean tends to overestimate location of many geochemical data sets because of positive skew and large outliers; robust estimates yield consistent smaller averages, although some (e.g., Hampel's and Andrew's) do perform better than others (e.g., Shorth mean, dominant cluster mode). Recommended values for international standard rocks, and for such important geochemical concepts as average chondrite, can be reproduced far more simply via robust estimation on complete interlaboratory data sets than via the rather complicated and subjective methods (e.g., laboratory ratings) so far used in the literature. Robust estimates also seem generally less affected by truncation than the mean; for example, if values below machine detection limits are alternatively treated as missing values or as real values of zero, similar averages are obtained. The standard (and mean) deviations yield consistently larger values of scale for many geochemical data sets than the hinge width (interquartile range) or median absolute deviation from the median. Therefore, summaries of geochemical data should always include at least the simple median and hinge width, to complement the often misleading mean and standard deviation. 相似文献
10.
Analysis and mapping of geochemical anomalies using logratio-transformed stream sediment data with censored values 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is lack of research and documentation of actual (as opposed to theoretical) benefits (e.g., mineral deposit discovery) of developments in compositional data analysis and imputation of censored values to mineral exploration geochemistry. In the present study, analyses of logratio- and ln-transformed stream sediment geochemical data containing ca. 30% of samples with censored values of a pathfinder element for the mineral deposit-type of interest yielded the following findings. Exclusion of those samples supports interpretation of multi-element anomalies reflecting the presence of mineralization. However, the multi-element anomaly maps obtained by exclusion of those samples are barely better than the multi-element anomaly maps derived by inclusion of those samples after replacing the censored values with 1/2 of detection limit or with imputed values. Logratio (i.e., alr, clr, or ilr) transformation, compared to ln-transformation, of stream sediment geochemical data does not improve mapping of pathfinder element anomalies reflecting the presence of mineralization. However, stream sediment geochemical data, excluding or including censored values (replaced with 1/2 of detection limit or with imputed values), should be clr- or ilr-transformed to enhance recognition of anomalous multi-element associations reflecting the presence of mineralization. The anomaly maps of multi-element associations derived from ilr-transformed data are better, albeit slightly, than the anomaly maps of multi-element associations derived from clr-transformed data. In the present study, the main benefit of either clr- or ilr-transformation, compared to either ln- or alr-transformation, of stream sediment geochemical data is the enhancement of anomalous multi-element associations reflecting the presence of mineralization. This is an important benefit because variations in trace element concentrations in regional-scale stream sediment geochemical data are mostly due to lithology and other factors (or processes) unrelated to mineralization. Further investigations of various exploration geochemical data are needed to demonstrate and document the actual (as opposed to theoretical) benefits of developments in compositional data analysis and imputation of censored values to mineral exploration. 相似文献
11.
A. COLOMBO 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1986,10(2):183-189
This paper discusses the methods most commonly used to evaluate interlaboratory geochemical data for a search of "best" values. It suggests that the Select-Laboratories, Dybczyński, median and mode methods integrated by the visual inspection of the plot of the ordered data can be regarded as general, complementary approaches to data handling. Because of the elusive nature of the problem, a multiple method approach to be accepted and standardized by the geoscientist community is suggested. The importance of ascribing realistic confidence intervals to any derived value is also pointed out. 相似文献
12.
Shiro ITOH Shigeru TERASHIMA Noboru IMAI Hikari KAMIOKA Naoki MITA Atsushi ANDO 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1993,17(1):5-79
Abstract: Analytical data for fourteen rare-earth elements, scandium, yttrium, zirconium and hafnium, received by May 1992, have been compiled on twenty-six GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples. Seventeen of them are 'Igneous rock series' and nine are "Sedimentary rock series". The reported data including personal communication were evaluated under the consideration on analytical methods and geochemical evidences. No significant difference has been observed between the values obtained by the different analytical methods. Based on the selected available data, 1992 compilation values were tabulated. 相似文献
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<正>In order to study the accumulation mechanism of"barkinite",eight Late Permian channel benches(approximately 15-cm across and 10-cm deep) were taken from the Jinshan Mine,Anhui Province,China.The samples were analyzed by microscopical and geochemical methods.The microscopical observations indicate that the occurrence modes of"barkinite"in this area are different from those in other areas of China.The ratios of structureless"barkinite"are much higher in the Jinshan Mine,probably due to the flow-water and marine influenced environments.Furthermore, vitrinite macerals also show a strong fluorescence.The vitrinite fluorescence characteristics have not been observed in the Permian"barkinite"coals from northern China.The composition and variation of minerals in the column section also showed that the swamps in the study area were seriously influenced by seawater in the early and late stage during the peat accumulation. 相似文献
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中国"数字国土"工程的方法论研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
“数字国土”是新世纪的一项宏伟工程,也是对“数字地球”和“数字中国”战略计划的响应,其核心问题是分布式点源空间数据库和属性数据库建设。分布式主题数据库建模,“多S”结合与集成,三级网络结构,信息标准化体系,海量数据入库,计算机辅助设计等关键技术的攻克,是实现区域地质调查了与矿产资源的信息化前提,而信息安全是“数字国土”的保障,作为合理而完善的解决方案,除了制定总体规划和系统结构外,还应当制定切实可行的对策和实施步骤,这需要借鉴国际上国土资源信息系统建设和地球信息科学方向发展和最新成果,并根据我国国土资源勘查与管理的特殊布局,通过周密的系统分析和系统设计来制定。 相似文献
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对南海北部陆坡至东海南部“残留特提斯”的几点认识 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
特提斯构造域是指发育于欧亚大陆南缘的一条全球性纬向展布的构造域,在该构造域内发育有许多蕴含丰富油气资源的沉积盆地,是世界上最主要的含油气区。通过对比分析世界上典型的"特提斯域"所拥有的特有沉积及构造环境及其对油气生成、聚集成藏与保存带来的深刻影响,如赤道封闭型浅海碳酸岩盐礁为主夹页岩的沉积主体及有机质类型为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型及蒸发岩盖层等特征,并通过对实际勘探资料的对比分析,认为南海北部、东海南部中生代缺乏典型"特提斯域"沉积及典型特提斯型大型油气藏成藏条件。 相似文献
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湿地水文是形成湿地的发生学因素,“淹埋深-历时-频率”(S, D, F)是表征湿地水文的特征指标。为了推进(S, D, F)阈值研究理论和方法的发展,总结了(S, D, F)阈值研究的一致结论:S阈值确定的原则是水饱和至地表;D阈值确定的原则是从水饱和开始到厌氧环境形成的时滞;F阈值应取≥50%。通过对这些一致结论的分析后认为:D阈值确定的原则存在着科学性问题;目前(S, D, F)阈值研究理论针对正常情况下湿地类型,不适合非正常情况下的湿地类型。为了科学地解决(S, D, F)阈值问题,必须构建新的(S, D, F)阈值确定的理论和方法,包括正常情况下和非正常情况(S, D, F)阈值确定的理论和方法以及(S, D, F)阈值科学性检验的理论和方法。 相似文献
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地壳全元素探测——构建“化学地球” 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
地壳物质探测是地壳探测工程的重要组成部分。化学元素是地球物质组成的最基本单位,被称为地球的基因。矿产资源是由化学元素组成的,环境是受化学元素行为制约的,因此,对地壳中所有元素精确含量和分布的探测,对解决人类所面临的资源和环境问题具有重大意义。地壳全元素探测项目拟发展4种地球化学探测技术,包括地壳中所有天然元素的精确分析技术,中下地壳物质成分识别技术,穿透性地球化学探测技术,海量地球化学数据和图形显示技术。建立1个覆盖全国的地球化学基准网,系统采集代表性岩石样品10000件,疏松物样品6000件,按标准化的方法分析其主量元素和微量元素含量(包含78种元素),建立中国大陆地球化学基准值,为研究化学元素的分布、演化和成矿物质背景提供基准参考数据。进行总长度3300km的3条地球化学走廊带的实验与示范,采集各类代表性岩石样品5000件,进行元素和同位素测定,构建走廊带地壳地球化学模型、跨越不同大地构造单元的元素空间变化和大型矿集区成矿物质背景。为开展全国地壳探测工程奠定基础,并为最终建立"化学地球"进行技术准备和先导性实验。 相似文献
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将水系沉积物样本数据转换到具有岩石样样本数据特征的水平上,近似地称为水系沉积物样品的"反推".文章利用"标准正态转换法"对此作了一些探讨:将两者的样本数据都转换成标准正态分布的形态,在此基础上,再将水系沉积物样本数据转换到岩石样水平.该样本数据的总体特征具有岩石样样本的数据特征.该方法还可以对工作区内不同区块分析数据的系统误差进行调平.并以1∶ 25万四子王旗幅为例说明了该方法在这两方面的应用. 相似文献