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为分析工程性低温热解技术对土壤和底泥中总汞及形态汞变化的影响,采集T1区(化工污染类型)稻田土、河道底泥及T2区(矿山冶炼类型)稻田土进行处理,并对处理前后土样总汞及形态汞浓度进行测定。结果表明,低温工程性修复高浓度汞污染土壤和底泥中总汞去除率可达70%以上,T1区稻田土、底泥及T2区稻田土中有机结合态汞分别降低84.2%、71.4%、92.2%,残渣态汞分别降低58.9%、69.4%、95.2%;不同污染形式所形成的汞污染状况不同,相较于T2区,T1区有机结合态高、残渣态低;热解后土壤露天放置相比于密封存储,有机结合态增高4.1%,残渣态降低4.3%,由于受到生态环境的影响,可能存在残渣态向有机结合态转化的趋势。以潜在生态危害指数法对土壤和底泥中总汞及生物有效态汞进行生态风险评价发现,低温热解修复效果表现为稻田土优于底泥。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(1)
水稻是甲基汞的超富集农作物,汞污染区稻米普遍含有较高含量的甲基汞。食用大米是我国南方内陆居民人体甲基汞暴露的主要途径。水稻甲基汞污染问题已经引起了国际社会的高度关注。国内外学者围绕稻田生态系统汞的生物地球化学循环开展了大量的研究工作,取得了一系列重要研究成果。本文总结了稻田土壤汞的关键形态转化过程研究现状及存在问题,对未来需要进一步开展的研究工作进行了展望,包括:稻田土壤中汞的甲基化过程、影响因素及参与汞甲基化的主要微生物群落;典型汞矿区稻田土壤中汞的形态分布特征与参与甲基化反应的主要汞形态的识别;稻田土壤中汞的还原过程及对甲基化的影响;稻田生态系统汞的同位素分馏特征及汞的生物地球化学过程定量识别。 相似文献
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对煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态进行研究,可以为煤矸石发电过程中汞、砷的脱除提供理论依据。采用逐级化学浸提法将3个不同产地煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态分为可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰结合态、硫化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态。采用不同的浸提溶液得到对应结合态的测试结果。结果表明,煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态具有一定的相似性。煤矸石中汞、砷主要以硫化物结合态为主,其质量分数占总汞的67.66%~72.68%,占总砷的56.71%~79.36%;其次为残渣态,其质量分数占总汞的23.70%~28.06%,占总砷的11.47%~18.02%。另外在煤矸石中砷还以少量有机结合态形式存在。 相似文献
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受历史汞矿开采活动影响,万山汞矿区稻田遭受了严重的汞污染。为了查明万山汞矿区稻田土壤的汞污染现状以及评估其环境质量改善情况,系统采集了受汞矿区影响的五条主干河流沿岸稻田土壤进行汞含量分析,评价总汞和甲基汞污染程度及其生态风险,并与2008年以来该区域稻田土壤汞数据进行对比。结果表明,研究区稻田土壤的总汞含量为0.21~207 mg/kg,几何平均值为(4.26±4.83)mg/kg;甲基汞含量为0.42~13μg/kg,几何平均值为(1.81±1.93)μg/kg。59%的稻田土壤处于重度汞污染,75%的稻田土壤存在极强的汞潜在生态风险。与已往数据相比,稻田土壤汞含量在2012年后呈下降趋势,基本反映了当地汞防治措施的执行效果。为了避免稻田土壤汞污染引起的安全健康风险,今后应采取除污染源治理以外的土壤修复措施或风险管控措施。 相似文献
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运用AAS和GC-CVAFS法分别测定了贵州万山汞矿区表层土壤中的总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg),探讨了土壤中THg和MeHg的含量分布特征矿区土壤THg和MeHg含量分别为1.1～790 mg/kg和0.13～15 μg/kg;对照区土壤THg和MeHg含量分别为0.10～1.2 mg/kg和0.10～0.28 μg/kg.矿区不同耕作类型土壤中,稻田和菜地土壤MeHg含量明显高于旱田土壤. 相似文献
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土壤中汞的生物有效性是决定土壤汞污染和农作物汞富集的重要指标。然而,采用不同提取方法所得到的有效态汞含量存在差异。为探索适用于汞矿区稻田土壤生物有效性汞的提取方法,研究对比了4种提取剂(超纯水、0.005 mol/L DTPA混合液、0.1 mol/L CaCl2和0.1 mol/L HCl)对万山汞矿区内两条典型河流沿岸稻田土壤生物有效态汞的测定结果。结果表明,万山汞矿区稻田土壤总汞含量均值为(12.7±0.42)mg/kg,超标率为93%。土壤生物有效态汞含量较低,4种试剂提取的有效态汞占总汞比例依次为0.005%、0.018%、0.003%和0.036%;超纯水提取的土壤生物有效态汞与稻田土壤、水稻根和茎的总汞浓度显著相关,表明超纯水提取方法最适用于测定万山汞矿区稻田土壤的生物有效态汞。本研究可为评估土壤汞污染风险提供技术和数据参考。 相似文献
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贵州省普定水库水体及沉积物孔隙水中汞的含量和形态分布初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了弄清楚普定水库汞的地球化学循环特征,用金汞齐-冷原子荧光光谱法(CVAFS)和气相色谱技术(GC), 研究了乌江流域上游普定水库水体剖面和沉积物间隙水剖面汞的赋存形态(总汞 THg)、溶解态汞(DHg)、活性汞(RHg)、颗粒态汞(PHg)、总甲基汞(TMeHg)、溶解态甲基汞(DMeHg)和颗粒态甲基汞(PMeHg)的分布特征.结果显示,普定水库水体总汞浓度为1.29～3.18 ng/L, 活性汞浓度为0.09～0.43 ng/L, 总甲基汞浓度为0.06～0.18 ng/L.沉积物间隙水中溶解态汞浓度为2.65 ～11.47 ng/L, 溶解态甲基汞浓度为0.06 ～1.16 ng/L.实验数据表明,普定水库水体中溶解态汞和颗粒态含量相当,其中颗粒态汞占总汞的比例为46%,并与总汞存在极显著相关性(R=0.929,n=20,P＜0.01),溶解态汞与总汞相关性不明显(R=-0.067,n=20);冬季普定水库甲基汞以溶解态甲基汞为主,溶解态甲基汞占总甲基汞的比例为63%,溶解态甲基汞与总甲基汞无明显相关关系(R=0.292,n=20),颗粒态甲基汞与总甲基汞存在极显著的相关性(R=0.815,n=20,P＜0.01).试验数据表明沉积物孔隙水溶解态汞与溶解态甲基汞浓度明显高于上覆水体, 是普定水库水体中汞的一个重要来源. 相似文献
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为了弄清楚酸性矿井废水的排放是否对阿哈湖造成了汞污染,我们研究了阿哈湖中汞的各种赋存形态(包括溶解气态汞、活性汞、颗粒态汞、溶解态汞、溶解态甲基汞、颗粒态甲基汞,以及沉积物间隙水体的溶解态汞和溶解态甲基汞)及其在水体和沉积物间隙水中的剖面分布.实验数据表明,溶解态甲基汞浓度在沉积物下2～5 cm处最高,随深度增加而逐渐降低,与硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的分布相吻合,说明水体-沉积物界面是甲基汞的产生地点;并且在沉积物中高浓度硫酸根浓度高达1100mg/L时,硫酸根浓度与甲基汞浓度依然一致. 相似文献
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载金炭对汞有较强的吸附性,易造成黄金生产工艺污染及活性炭吸附金的活性降低,需测定载金炭中的汞含量以监控汞的危害。应用目前测定汞的分析方法在样品前处理过程中需要高温去除基体炭,但容易造成汞的挥发损失。本文采用固体测汞仪在不需样品前处理及不加入其他试剂的情况下实现了载金炭中总汞的直接测定,载金炭最优热解条件为空气流速0.8~1.2 L/min,蒸发温度680~740℃,汞的回收率达到99%以上。样品在热解过程中基体炭转化成二氧化碳,二氧化碳的干扰可由仪器自动消除,所以基体炭对汞的测定无明显影响。全流程的管道不足50 cm,且整个管道处于较高温度之下,通过加大空气流速可快速消除管道上残余的汞,减少了记忆效应的影响。本方法的相对标准偏差小于8.0%,测定下限为0.014μg/g,汞的测试结果与原子荧光光谱法基本吻合。 相似文献
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汞分析仪直接测定矿石中的痕量汞 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用汞分析仪直接对不同矿石中的痕量汞进行快速准确测定。矿样直接称样后,无需复杂的湿法消解或样品前处理,6 min内即可完成汞的测定。建立的方法不受样品性质影响,无基体干扰,方法回收率为90.0%～109.0%,检出限为0.60 ng/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为0.95%～4.74%。使用该法分析了6大类矿石标准参考物质和实际样品,并与常规方法进行比较,分析结果与证书值和其他方法测定值一致。与现行国家标准分析方法相比,该方法大大缩短了分析周期,适合大批量试样的分析。 相似文献
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汞的形态分析研究进展 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
综述了自然界、特别是人体内汞的存在形态,讨论了汞形态分析中样品的预处理、分离富集、分析方法的研究现状和进展,指出了汞形态分析所面临的问题,对矿物药的药效研究及毒性和安全性评价具有一定指导意义 相似文献
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汞的形态分析研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
《岩矿测试》1999,20(1):3
综述了自然界、特别是人体内汞的存在形态,讨论了汞形态分析中样品的预处理、分离富集、分析方法的研究现状和进展,指出了汞形态分析所面临的问题,对矿物药的药效研究及毒性和安全性评价具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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Francis J. FLANAGAN Roosevelt MOORE Philip J. ARUSCAVAGE 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1982,6(1):25-46
The mercury contents of 109 reference samples of 12 organizations have been determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The homogeneity of mercury in the six USGS samples issued in 1964 was tested twice, a year apart, using unopened bottles of samples. The analysis of variance of these data in the form of a design with a single variable of classification showed that the mercury contents of the 12 sets can be considered homogeneous at F 0.95 and that 10 of these sets can be considered homogeneous at F 0.90 , a more stringent test.
Data for other reference samples were generally obtained using Youden Squares. This experimental design was used so that we could determine the significance of the variation attributable to some cause on the days on which mercury was determined, to the order in which the determinations were made on the several days, and to the mercury contents of the samples in each design. For the latter, one may assume that the mercury contents of samples will differ and that a significant F ratio may be obtained. For the principal variable of classification, the variation attributable to some cause on the days on which mercury was determined was significant for only 1 of 9 analyses of variance of sets of data but we have not been able to explain the cause of the significance.
The mercury contents of the several types of samples, except for micas, dunites, and perhaps the granodiorites, depend on the origin of the samples. The mercury contents of ande-sites and basalts of continental origin are higher than those for similar samples originating in island arcs or the circum-Pacific belt. We conclude that the high and extremely variable mercury content of W-1 is probably due to mercury resulting from the use of mercury fulminate detonators in the quarry prior to the collection of the sample. 相似文献
Data for other reference samples were generally obtained using Youden Squares. This experimental design was used so that we could determine the significance of the variation attributable to some cause on the days on which mercury was determined, to the order in which the determinations were made on the several days, and to the mercury contents of the samples in each design. For the latter, one may assume that the mercury contents of samples will differ and that a significant F ratio may be obtained. For the principal variable of classification, the variation attributable to some cause on the days on which mercury was determined was significant for only 1 of 9 analyses of variance of sets of data but we have not been able to explain the cause of the significance.
The mercury contents of the several types of samples, except for micas, dunites, and perhaps the granodiorites, depend on the origin of the samples. The mercury contents of ande-sites and basalts of continental origin are higher than those for similar samples originating in island arcs or the circum-Pacific belt. We conclude that the high and extremely variable mercury content of W-1 is probably due to mercury resulting from the use of mercury fulminate detonators in the quarry prior to the collection of the sample. 相似文献
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Daniel Cossa Lars-Eric Heimbürger Stephen R. Rintoul Edward C.V. Butler Andrew R. Bowie Roslyn J. Watson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(14):4037-4052
We present here the first mercury speciation study in the water column of the Southern Ocean, using a high-resolution south-to-north section (27 stations from 65.50°S to 44.00°S) with up to 15 depths (0-4440 m) between Antarctica and Tasmania (Australia) along the 140°E meridian. In addition, in order to explore the role of sea ice in Hg cycling, a study of mercury speciation in the “snow-sea ice-seawater” continuum was conducted at a coastal site, near the Australian Casey station (66.40°S; 101.14°E). In the open ocean waters, total Hg (HgT) concentrations varied from 0.63 to 2.76 pmol L−1 with “transient-type” vertical profiles and a latitudinal distribution suggesting an atmospheric mercury source south of the Southern Polar Front (SPF) and a surface removal north of the Subantartic Front (SAF). Slightly higher mean HgT concentrations (1.35 ± 0.39 pmol L−1) were measured in Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) compared to Antarctic Intermediate water (AAIW) (1.15 ± 0.22 pmol L−1). Labile Hg (HgR) concentrations varied from 0.01 to 2.28 pmol L−1, with a distribution showing that the HgT enrichment south of the SPF consisted mainly of HgR (67 ± 23%), whereas, in contrast, the percentage was half that in surface waters north of PFZ (33 ± 23%). Methylated mercury species (MeHgT) concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.86 pmol L−1. All vertical MeHgT profiles exhibited roughly the same pattern, with low concentrations observed in the surface layer and increasing concentrations with depth up to an intermediate depth maximum. As for HgT, low mean MeHgT concentrations were associated with AAIW, and higher ones with AABW. The maximum of MeHgT concentration at each station was systematically observed within the oxygen minimum zone, with a statistically significant MeHgTvs Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU) relationship (p < 0.001). The proportion of HgT as methylated species was lower than 5% in the surface waters, around 50% in deep waters below 1000 m, reaching a maximum of 78% south of the SPF. At Casey coastal station HgT and HgR concentrations found in the “snow-sea ice-seawater” continuum were one order of magnitude higher than those measured in open ocean waters. The distribution of HgT there suggests an atmospheric Hg deposition with snow and a fractionation process during sea ice formation, which excludes Hg from the ice with a parallel Hg enrichment of brine, probably concurring with the Hg enrichment of AABW observed in the open ocean waters. Contrastingly, MeHgT concentrations in the sea ice environment were in the same range as in the open ocean waters, remaining below 0.45 pmol L−1. The MeHgT vertical profile through the continuum suggests different sources, including atmosphere, seawater and methylation in basal ice. Whereas HgT concentrations in the water samples collected between the Antarctic continent and Tasmania are comparable to recent measurements made in the other parts of the World Ocean (e.g., Soerensen et al., 2010), the Hg species distribution suggests distinct features in the Southern Ocean Hg cycle: (i) a net atmospheric Hg deposition on surface water near the ice edge, (ii) the Hg enrichment in brine during sea ice formation, and (iii) a net methylation of Hg south of the SPF. 相似文献
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