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1.
中国海相油气田勘探实例之五 塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现 总被引：91，自引：2，他引：91
塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩的勘探始于1989年,直至2005年发现塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系碳酸盐岩凝析气田,探明加控制石油地质储量1.5×108t(油当量),是我国目前发现的第一个奥陶系生物礁型大油气田。油气的主力产层位于上奥陶统良里塔格组上部,储层为受坡折带控制的陆棚边缘礁滩体石灰岩。油气沿坡折带呈带状展布,为整体含油的大型准层状岩性油气藏。论述了塔中碳酸盐岩大油气田的勘探历程、主要地质特征,以及对海相碳酸盐岩勘探的启示。 相似文献
2.
塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层成因类型、特征及油气勘探潜力 总被引：20，自引：6，他引：20
塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气探明储量近1.5×108t,而且仍有巨大的勘探潜力,储层属性一直被认为是礁相储层。通过76口探井的岩心观察,完井地质报告、试油成果的分析,铸体薄片的鉴定,尤其是对有工业产能的20多口探井试油井段近500个铸体薄片的详细鉴定和复核,指出塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩有效储层类型复杂多样,有泥亮晶棘屑灰岩、层间古岩溶和古潜山风化壳型储层,分别与沉积间断面、平行不整合面、角度不整合面相关。虽然发育了小规模的礁丘体,但不是有效储层,更不可能形成规模效益储量。储层属性的重新认识对塔中地区勘探潜力的重新评估和勘探理念的转变均具重要的指导意义。 相似文献
3.
塔中北斜坡富油气区油气分布规律与富集主控因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡奥陶系油气藏类型多样、油气性质变化大、油气水分布复杂。通过对塔中北斜坡大量单井及其生产动态的分析解剖,结合分析化验资料,深入探讨了富油气区的流体分布特征、断裂发育特征、储层差异性以及典型高产井和出水井的对比,揭示了油气分布规律与控制因素。鹰山组顶部的风化壳型不整合面在垂向上控制了储层的发育深度范围和储层质量;平面上储层的非均质性是导致油气分布差异的重要原因。断裂引起的局部高差对流体聚集存在明显影响,使断裂上盘高部位更倾向于富油气,并发现断裂对储层改造强烈,特别是走滑断裂作为油气运移通道对油气分布具有重要的控制作用,决定了不同区域的古油藏在晚喜山期遭受气侵的强度,控制了不同相态油气藏的分布;奥陶系鹰山组上部发育的致密段对古油藏的保存具有积极的作用。该认识对相似地区碳酸盐岩油气富集规律研究及勘探开发具重要的参考价值。 相似文献
4.
Marine carbonate reservoirs, as a focus of petroleum exploration and development in China, are involved with high exploration risk and prediction difficulty owing to high heterogeneity and diversity of reservoir beds. In the Tarim Basin, NW China, carbonate reservoirs host about 38% of the whole basin's hydrocarbon resources in a large prospecting area mainly distributed in the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in central (Tazhong) and northern (Tabei) Tarim. Recently, a better understanding has been made of the karsted weathering crust at the top of the Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope area of the Tazhong Low Rise, Central Uplift, Tarim Basin. As a new frontier of exploration, oil/gas distribution and controlling factors of carbonate reservoirs in the Yingshan Formation are not clearly understood. In this work, we investigated the reservoir beds and oil/gas properties in 13 wells in Well block ZG‐43 on the No. 10 structural belt in the Tazhong Low Rise, and studied hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics with seismic and geochemical data. The Yingshan Formation in Well block ZG‐43 is mainly composed of calcarenite, dolomitic limestone, dolomite, cryptite, as low porosity and low permeability reservoir beds, with fracture‐void porosity constituting the main reservoir pore space. Oil/gas is quasi‐layer distributed beneath the unconformity between the Yingshan and Lianglitag formations to a depth of 140 m. The oil in Well block ZG‐43 is condensate with low density, low viscosity, low sulphur, low resin, low asphaltene, and high wax. The gas is 87.3% methane, generally containing H2S. The oil/gas distribution pattern is oil in the east and gas in the west, and H2S content in the west is lower than that in the east. The controlling factors for hydrocarbon are multi‐source supply and multi‐phase charging, interstratal karstification, hydrothermal activity, structural location and sealing condition. A structural–lithological trap is the main type of oil/gas accumulation. Oil/gas distribution was clearly affected by strike–slip faults. Oil/gas with multi‐source supply and multi‐phase charging was controlled by favourable local palaeo‐highs, and affected by later karsting and hydrothermal activity, as well as gas invasion in the Himalayan (Cenozoic) period. Under the caprock of compact limestone in the third to fifth members of the Lianglitag Formation, oil/gas migrated up along the strike–slip fault planes, and moved laterally to both sides in a ‘T’ shape, and formed large‐scale quasi‐layer condensate gas reservoirs controlled by reservoir bed quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层具有强烈的非均质性,其油气成藏及富集规律极其复杂,充分认识此类油气藏的形成条件及分布特点对油气藏进一步勘探及有效开发至关重要。通过对东部井区的统计分析,目的层油气性质与I号断裂带及走滑断裂密切相关,平面上塔中北斜坡东部鹰山组油气具有“西油东气,内油外气”的分布特征,纵向上油气集中在不整合面以下200 m内,沿风化壳不整合面呈“准层状”分布。从源、储、盖、运等成藏要素角度对油气成藏控制因素进行了综合研究,结果表明：该研究区发育两套烃源岩,且经历了多期充注,为油气聚集提供了充足的物质基础;后期构造抬升及断裂活动促进岩溶作用的进行,改善了储层的储集性能,为油气富集提供了有利的场所;良三段到良五段致密灰岩分布广、厚度大,可以有效封闭油气,为油气聚集提供了较好的保存条件;塔中北斜坡东部断裂及不整合面是油气成藏的关键,沟通源岩为油气运移聚集提供了良好的通道。 相似文献
6.
Xiaodong Lan Xiuxiang Lü Yanming Zhu Hongfeng Yu Jie Zhou Feng Zhu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(11):4487-4498
Marine carbonate reservoirs, as a focus of petroleum exploration and development all over the world, are involved with high exploration risk and prediction difficulty owing to high heterogeneity and diversity of reservoir beds. In the Tarim Basin, NW China, carbonate reservoirs with resources about 38 % of the whole basin in a large prospecting area are mainly distributed in the Cambrian and Ordovician in central (Tazhong) and northern (Tabei) Tarim. Recently on the northern slope, Tazhong Low Rise, Central Uplift, Tarim Basin, a breakthrough has been made in the karsted weathering crust of Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation and reef-flat reservoir of Upper Ordovician Lianglitag Formation. As a new frontier of exploration, oil/gas distribution and controlling factors of carbonate reservoirs in the Yingshan Formation are not clearly understood. In this work, play elements of the Yingshan Formation, such as seal-reservoir bed assemblage, oil/gas properties, and faulting, were studied by core and slice observation and field investigation. High-quality reservoir beds of Yingshan Formation are quasi-layer distributed in the interstratal karst belt about 250 m below the unconformity. The reservoir beds of fracture–void and void are formed by faulting, associated fracturing, and karstification. The Yingshan Formation is a large-scale condensate gas reservoir with partly oil. Owing to different oil–gas infilling periods, isolated pools far from the faults are primarily oil in the Hercynian; oppositely, condensate gas reservoirs near the faults are intensely influenced by gas invasion during the Himalayan movement. Laterally, oil/gas distribution is controlled by stratal pinch-out and strike-slip faults. Vertically, cap rock of the third to fifth members of the Lianglitag Formation and Yingshan interior high resistivity layers are superimposed with Yingshan reservoir beds to form several seal-reservoir bed assemblages. Oil and gas are superimposed and affected by gas invasion with characteristics of oil in the upper horizon and gas in the lower horizon. 相似文献
7.
塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统古构造应力场模拟与裂缝分布预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统良里塔格组碳酸盐岩构造裂缝是区内油气显示十分活跃的有效储集空间,其发育和分布主要受古构造应力场的控制。依据塔中地区上奥陶统地震资料的断裂构造解释和钻井、测井裂缝特征分析等成果,在声发射地应力测量、岩石力学参数和单轴抗拉强度测试的基础上,考虑断裂对裂缝形成的影响,采用三维有限元法对塔中地区上奥陶统加里东中期Ⅱ幕裂缝形成期的古构造应力场进行了数值模拟,预测了裂缝的分布。结果表明,裂缝形成期地应力最大主应力有效值为47.9～58.3MPa,平均值为51.97MPa,抗张强度为5.13～6.91MPa,平均值为5.81MPa。有效张应力的高值区是构造裂缝发育的有利地区,主要分布在塔中东部大的断裂带交会处和断裂带的部分区段内,与实际钻井统计的上奥陶统高裂缝线密度和油气井分布区基本吻合,可以为研究区的油气勘探提供新的地质依据。 相似文献
8.
塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层空隙研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
空隙是构成碳酸盐岩储层的基本单元,空隙发育史对应了成岩演化史,且不同类型空隙的储层具有不同的分布规律。塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的空隙可以分为６类２１种,以裂缝—孔洞型为主,礁、丘、滩相碳酸盐岩、中—细晶白云岩与古岩溶和构造岩溶的复合区为有利空隙发育带,也是风化壳型油气藏和内幕型油气藏的有利储集相带。 相似文献
9.
塔里木盆地塔中45井区碳酸盐岩储层的深部流体改造作用 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
塔里木盆地塔中地区发育巨厚的下古生界海相碳酸盐岩,是该地区油气勘探的重要目标层系。塔中45井在上奥陶统灰岩储层内获得高产油气流。研究发现其含油气层段因萤石脉的改造而发育成为优质储层,这在已发现的塔中地区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层中为一独特储集体类型。综合多方面地质依据对萤石成因的分析结果表明,该储集层段是与该地区二叠纪岩浆作用有关的深部流体活动对碳酸盐岩储层改造的结果。深部流体通过溶蚀作用、交代作用和充填作用等对碳酸盐岩储层进行改造,形成深部流体改造型碳酸盐岩储集体。这一新的储集体类型的确立,对塔中地区下古生界碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探有着重要的现实意义。 相似文献
10.
塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
塔里木盆地塔北隆起哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系由于现今构造位置低,埋深在6500~8000m,长期以来一直将其作为塔北隆起的一个次级凹陷单元,并认为是一个海相油气的生烃凹陷,制约了哈拉哈塘的油气勘探。本文通过对哈拉哈塘构造解析和沉降演化过程恢复,发现哈拉哈塘地区是从石炭纪才开始转为负向构造单元,加里东-早海西期,它属于轮南大型古潜山的西斜坡部位;奥陶系鹰山组-一间房组碳酸盐岩经历了多期岩溶的叠加改造,风化岩溶缝洞体储层发育。通过最新钻井资料及油气地球化学分析数据,证实哈拉哈塘奥陶系沉积时期不是生烃凹陷,不发育烃源岩,哈拉哈塘及其以北地区的油气是来自南部满西地区的中、上奥陶统烃源岩。油气藏解剖表明,哈拉哈塘地区在晚海西期成藏;三叠系沉积前北部构造抬升,导致奥陶系油藏遭受局部破坏和降解。自三叠纪沉积以来,奥陶系油藏一直处于持续深埋过程,盖层不断加厚,油藏基本保持了晚海西期成藏时的形态,因此,哈拉哈塘地区是一个古老的油气系统。油气成藏条件分析表明,哈拉哈塘地区油气成藏条件优越,生储盖条件配置良好,奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储层广泛分布,并处在油气向古隆起高部位运移的有利路径上,具有大面积、准层状富集油气的特征。 相似文献
11.
JIANG Zhenxue YANG Haijun LI Zhuo PANG Xiongqi HAN Jianf LI Dongxu HUANG Yuyan 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(5):1116-1127
<正>The Tazhong paleouplift is divided into the upper and the lower structural layers,bounded by the unconformity surface at the top of the Ordovician carbonate rock.The reservoirs in the two layers from different parts vary in number,type and reserves,but the mechanism was rarely researched before.Therefore,an explanation of the mechanism will promote petroleum exploration in Tazhong paleouplift.After studying the evolution and reservoir distribution of the Tazhong paleouplift,it is concluded that the evolution hi late Caledonian,late Hercynian and Himalayan periods resulted in the upper and the lower structural layers.It is also defined that in the upper structural layer,structural and stratigraphic overlap reservoirs are developed at the top and the upper part of the paleouplift,which are dominated by oil reservoirs,while for the lower structural layer,lithological reservoirs are developed in the lower part of the paleouplift,which are dominated by gas reservoirs,and more reserves are discovered in the lower structural layer than the upper. Through a comparative analysis of accumulation conditions of the upper and the lower structural layers,the mechanism of enrichment differences is clearly explained.The reservoir and seal conditions of the lower structural layer are better than those of the upper layer,which is the reason why more reservoirs have been found in the former.The differences in the carrier system types,trap types and charging periods between the upper and the lower structural layers lead to differences in the reservoir types and distribution.An accumulation model is established for the Tazhong paleouplift.For the upper structural layer,the structural reservoirs and the stratigraphic overlap reservoirs are formed at the upper part of the paleouplift,while for the lower structural layer,the weathering crust reservoirs are formed at the top,the reef-flat reservoirs are formed on the lateral margin,the karst and inside reservoirs are formed in the lower part of the paleouplift. 相似文献
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13.
塔中隆起海相碳酸盐岩大型凝析气田成藏特征与勘探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
多次资评与勘探实践表明塔中隆起成藏条件优越,海相碳酸盐岩油气资源丰富,奥陶系油气藏集中赋存于上奥陶统礁滩体与下奥陶统风化壳储层中,缝洞系统控制了大型凝析气藏纵向多套叠置-横向准层状分布规律。多学科、动静态一体化研究表明,形成塔中海相碳酸盐岩大型凝析气田主力烃源岩为寒武-奥陶系两套碳酸盐岩,原油具有明显的混源特征,天然气主要来源于中-下寒武统高成熟度原油裂解气。奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩凝析气藏是古油藏在喜山期被寒武系来源的原油裂解气气侵的结果,经历了三期成藏过程,即中晚加里东期、晚海西期原油充注,喜山期注气。两套烃源岩长期供烃是形成塔中奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩大型凝析气田的物质基础,构造作用、岩溶作用是形成了塔中奥陶系多套优质碳酸盐岩储集体的主控因素,断裂、不整合面、缝洞发育带构建的网状油气输导体系是塔中海相碳酸盐岩复式聚集混源成藏的重要保障。塔中奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩具备10亿吨当量的油气资源潜力。 相似文献
14.
塔里木盆地塔中礁滩体大油气田成藏条件与成藏机制研究 总被引：4，自引：6，他引：4
中国海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探近年来进展很快,发现了一批大型油气田。塔中地区是塔里木盆地的重点勘探区和富油气区,奥陶系蕴藏了丰富的油气资源。奥陶系良里塔格组受塔中I号坡折带的控制发育陆棚边缘礁滩体,储层性质为低孔-特低孔、低渗灰岩储层,埋深在4500~6500m。储层的形成和分布受早期高能沉积相带、溶蚀作用和断裂作用等因素的控制,有效储层的空间展布控制了油气的分布与大面积成藏。油源对比认为,塔中良里塔格组礁滩体油气藏的原油主要来自于中上奥陶统烃源岩,并混有寒武系烃源岩成因的原油;天然气主要来自于寒武系油裂解气,沿塔中I号坡折带断裂向内充注。成藏过程分析表明,塔中地区曾存在三期主要成藏期,第一期为加里东晚期成藏,油气来自于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩,但早海西期的构造运动,对该期油气破坏严重,造成大范围油藏破坏。第二期成藏期是晚海西期,也是塔中地区最重要的油气充成藏期,油气来自于中上奥陶统烃源岩。第三期成藏期是晚喜山期,受库车前陆冲断影响,台盆区快速沉降,埋深急速增大,寒武系原油裂解气形成,沿深部断裂向浅部奥陶系充注,对油藏进行气洗改造,从而形成大面积分布的凝析气藏。 相似文献
15.
塔北、塔中地区碳酸盐岩及其原油中的二苯并噻吩类化合物 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
塔里木盆地塔北、塔中地区四口井(库南1井,轮南46井,塔中12井和塔参1井)寒武-奥陶系12个碳酸盐岩烃源岩(泥灰岩,泥质灰岩和云岩)岩芯样品抽提物芳烃组分中的二苯并噻吩类化合物组成和丰度变化特征可分为三种类型:Ⅰ二苯并噻吩、甲基二苯并噻吩型;Ⅱ二苯并噻吩、甲基二苯并噻吩、二甲基二苯并噻吩+三甲基芴混合物型;Ⅲ二苯并噻吩、甲基二苯并噻吩、二甲基二苯并噻吩和三甲基二苯并噻吩型。研究的塔北、塔中隆起11个海相油二苯并噻吩类化合物分布类型均为二苯并噻吩、甲基二苯并噻吩、二甲基二苯并噻吩和三甲基二苯并噻吩型,和海相烃源岩二苯并噻吩类化合物第Ⅲ种分布类型完全相同。据此推断:塔北隆起8个海相油可能主要来源于塔北轮南地区下奥陶统;塔中隆起3个海相油可能来源于塔中地区中-上奥陶统。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系构造-沉积模式与碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24
奥陶系碳酸盐岩是塔中地区油气勘探的重要目的层。本文在讨论塔中地区奥陶纪区域构造背景和奥陶系岩性段划分的基础上,建立了塔中地区奥陶系构造 -沉积模式,并用三维有限元数值模拟方法对塔中地区有利碳酸盐岩裂缝储层发育区进行了预测,以期指导塔中地区碳酸盐岩的油气勘探。 相似文献
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近期轮南奥陶系沉积储层研究取得了几个方面的重要进展:发现了两期三套风化壳岩溶储集系统,其中海西期一套,存在于奥陶系顶部,加里东期两套,存在于奥陶系内部;确定了轮古东奥陶系储集层为风化壳岩溶缝洞性储层;发现了桑塔木组礁滩相储集层。桑塔木组沉积早期轮南地区具有成礁环境,局部发育有小型生物礁;修正了以往对奥陶系沉积相的划分,将奥陶系碳酸盐台地边缘的位置东移30km;提出了奥陶系内部风化壳储层形成的热沉降机制,认为晚奥陶世早期塔里木盆地存在一次热升降运动,该运动使轮南地区发生不均衡抬升,奥陶系良里塔格组出露剥蚀,形成轮南地区广泛分布的风化壳岩溶储集系统,从而揭示了轮南地区奥陶系更为良好的勘探前景。 相似文献
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新疆塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系古潜山型油气藏成藏条件 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
塔中古隆起的早海西期风化壳岩溶发育，是塔里木盆地寻找古生代海相碳酸盐岩岩溶型油气田的重要隆起区之一。本文研究了风化壳型岩溶的发育特征和控制因素，在烃源、生储盖和成藏条件分析基础上预测了奥陶系风化壳岩溶发育的有利区带，认为奥陶系岩溶储层与其上覆的石炭系泥岩可构成良好的储盖组合，油源断裂、不整合面、输导层与汇烃脊构成了复杂油气输导网络。本区潜山型油气藏成藏过程复杂、期次多，但喜山期构造调整是最终成藏的关键，中央断隆带和塔中隆起南斜坡是两个有利的勘探区带。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地塔中地区Ⅰ号断裂带上奥陶统良里塔格组为目前国内较典型的碳酸盐岩油气储集层,且有巨大的勘探潜力,深入研究该套储集层的类型及分布对塔中地区的下一步勘探将具有重要的指导意义。通过大量岩心分析,根据孔隙度—渗透率相关关系将塔中地区Ⅰ号断裂带上奥陶统良里塔格组碳酸盐岩储集层划分为3 种主要类型：孔隙型、裂缝型、裂缝—孔隙型。根据各单井储集层类型,结合沉积相及断裂等储集层影响因素,推断了良里塔格组3个岩性段的不同类型储集层的分布范围,认为裂缝型储集层最为发育,而最有利于油气成藏的裂缝—孔隙型储集层主要发育于良二段,孔隙型储集层分布范围较小。最后认为塔中Ⅰ号断裂带塔中82井区—塔中24井区为油气勘探最有利区。 相似文献