共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
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考虑核电厂地基-基础的动力相互作用,应用显式动力有限差分法分析了地震作用下极软岩、较软岩、坚硬岩上核电厂建筑结构基础的地震响应特征,比较了岩石坚硬程度对基础加速度反应谱的影响。研究表明：随着岩石坚硬程度的提高,核电厂建筑物结构基础的地震响应有增加的趋势;在周期轴上,基础处的加速度反应谱曲线会随着岩石坚硬程度的提高逐渐向短周期（高频段）方向移动。在高频段,建造于较坚硬岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在中等频段,建造于较软岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在低频段,岩石坚硬程度对加速度反应谱的影响不显著。 相似文献
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当前生态水文过程对水环境影响的国内外研究主要包括生态水文过程的形成、基于生态水文格局分析的生态需水研究、流域尺度上生态水文过程对水文、水质和水生态的影响以及理论、方法与模型研究;但这些研究尚未过渡到生态水文过程的揭示上来,我国的生态水文学研究尤为薄弱。未来生态水文过程与水环境安全调控研究中的主要议题包括:①生态水文过程形成、演化及驱动机制分析;②基于生态水文过程的生态需水时空分异;③流域生态水文过程对地表水水质分异的影响;④流域生态水文过程与水的生态空间变化;⑤近海陆域生态水文过程与近海水质调控;⑥基于现代地理信息技术的生态水文模型研究;⑦基于水环境安全的生态水文决策与管理研究。 相似文献
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《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(8):735-740
The experiment on verification of existence of new type of physical interaction suggested by N.A.Kozyrev was performed. The experimental setup included two types of detectors measuring the self-potentials of the electrodes in marine water and the dark current of the photomultiplier. Both detectors were protected from known sources of classical effects. Natural time variations of the potentials and the dark currents were recorded in period range 1 minute — 1 year. Number of new effects was discovered: correlation of the potentials with the dark current and the potential on another distant setup; advanced reaction of the potentials on the Earth magnetic field; nonlocal reaction of the potentials on the environmental temperature with retarded, instantaneous and advanced lag; relation of the potentials with the sudden ionospheric disturbances. Interpretation of this effects on the base of developed Kozyrev's idea on the active properties of time is rather successful. 相似文献
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F.Ya. Novikov 《Engineering Geology》1979,13(1-4):277-286
The paper presents data on the theoretical and experimental investigations for revealing characteristic features of the development of pressure of thawing clayey soils on the concrete lining of mine shafts. The concrete shaft lining and frozen soil massif are considered as rigid walls resting on a rigid base (bedrock). While the thawing soil is being consolidated due to gravity, because of friction and cohesion it transmits loads on to the walls. The report shows that the development of the loads on the mine-shaft lining due to soil thawing is divided into two stages. This paper presents the technique of experiments effected on the mine-shaft models. It has been noted that, owing to nonuniform thawing of soils close to the mine shaft, the soil displacement begins on the side with the greater thawing. This may cause nonuniform lateral pressure on the concrete mine-shaft lining, endangering its stability. 相似文献
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涵洞顶填土压力的计算分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
简要介绍了圆管涵破裂的原因，论述了根据公路规范、铁路规范计算涵洞顶场土压力的方法及其缺陷，提出了种新的涵洞顶场土压力计算方法。计算结果表明，该方法克服了上述两种规范中计算方法的不足。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A measure of grain shape is needed for incorporation in calculations of the behaviour of grain populations (for example during transport by fluids). Many shape measures have been proposed, most of them for application to single grains rather than to populations. In this paper three such shape parameters are evaluated for samples taken by size fraction from each of three parent sands. The chosen parameters are the maximum projection sphericity of Sneed & Folk (based on triaxial measurements made on the grains), the dynamic shape factor of Briggs (based on settling velocity in water), and rollability, after Winkelmolen (based on rolling behaviour in a specially mounted rotating cylinder).
It is shown that the Sneed & Folk parameter and rollability both discriminate clearly between the shape characteristics of the three sands over the size range 150-500 μm. Moreover the discrimination of the two parameters is mutually consistent. However, dynamic shape factor gives results which for sizes smaller than 300 μm are inconsistent with those of the other two methods and which do not discriminate reliably between the populations. This is inevitable because the differences between drag on spheres and on other shapes become very small at Reynolds Numbers corresponding to those which obtain in settling tests on grains smaller than 300 μm. 相似文献
It is shown that the Sneed & Folk parameter and rollability both discriminate clearly between the shape characteristics of the three sands over the size range 150-500 μm. Moreover the discrimination of the two parameters is mutually consistent. However, dynamic shape factor gives results which for sizes smaller than 300 μm are inconsistent with those of the other two methods and which do not discriminate reliably between the populations. This is inevitable because the differences between drag on spheres and on other shapes become very small at Reynolds Numbers corresponding to those which obtain in settling tests on grains smaller than 300 μm. 相似文献
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地下水库作为一种“环保型水资源开发工程”越来越受到人们的关注，而目前建设的地下水库多以潜水含水层作为调蓄目标含水层。对于承压型地下水库的研究相对较少。定量化研究大气降水对承压型地下水库水资源调蓄的影响成为承压型地下水库规划建设的一个研究问题。本文在介绍地下水库及其水资源调蓄的基础上．以大庆市西部地下水库为例．运用地下水流数值模拟方法定量研究了大气降水对承压型地下水库水资源调蓄的影响程度。研究表明。大气降水对该地下水库水资源调蓄的影响很小．在进行地下水库调蓄运转模型的设计时。可将多年平均降水入渗补给量作为该地下水库库区所接受的大气降水入渗补给量。 相似文献
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南水北调中线工程建设中,交通桥和生产桥的支承结构大部分坐落在两侧渠坡上;运行期间的荷载（特别是水平荷载）通过桥墩和承台传到置于渠坡的桩基础上,在一定的深度范围内将产生桩、土分离及不均匀沉降,拉裂基础与渠坡结构层的结合,影响渠道的防渗效果。为了采取有效的防治措施,需要掌握渠坡斜面上基桩的变形机制。作为研究环节之一,通过物理模型试验研究了渠坡上基桩的水平承载机制,结果表明：基桩处在渠坡上的抗变形能力要比处在水平地基上的抗变形能力弱,水平承载能力比基桩处在水平地基上的要小。 相似文献
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以颗粒堆积模型为基础,考虑了低渗透岩心颗粒不同排列方式和不同变形方式,建立了毛管束模型,并通过颗粒Hertz接触变形原理对毛管变形量进行计算,研究毛管和多孔介质应力敏感性定量表征关系,通过有效毛管分数和毛管变形规律探讨了低渗透储层应力敏感性的作用机制。研究表明,低渗透储层的应力敏感性主要表现为渗透率的应力敏感性,相比于渗透率应力敏感性,孔隙度应力敏感性较弱;低渗透储层应力敏感性与岩石颗粒排列方式、颗粒变形方式、岩石微观孔隙结构、固液界面作用力和启动压力梯度效应等密切相关;考虑有效毛管分数和毛管变形量的多孔介质应力敏感性量化模型可从应力敏感性微观作用机制角度解释低渗透储层应力敏感性。 相似文献
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为从整体上认识多年冻土活动层土壤水文过程季节变异特性,以黄河源区巴颜喀拉山北坡冻土剖面为例,结合大气降水、冻土土壤水分、冻土层上水的野外观测,采用HYDRUS-1D软件冻融模块进行模拟分析,分析冻融作用对活动层土壤水文过程的影响,研究结果表明:(1)冻土层上水位与土壤水热之间存在着相互影响、相互作用的关系,依据活动层土壤温度变化,基于冻融过程,多年冻土活动层土壤水分与冻土层上水位可划分为冻结稳定、快速融化、融化稳定和快速冻结4个阶段。(2)降雨入渗是坡面尺度下活动层土壤水文过程的主要驱动力,活动层冻融锋面是主要限制性因素,受冻融过程影响,冻结期降雨减少,土壤冻结,土壤储水能力下降,土壤水分下渗停止,坡面侧向流动减弱,土壤水分和冻土层上水位处于下降趋势;融化期降雨增多,土壤融化,土壤储水能力上升,土壤水分下渗强烈,坡面侧向流动增强,土壤水分和冻土层上水位处于上升趋势。(3)受坡面地形影响,上坡活动层厚度大于下坡,上坡冻融锋面变化较下坡平缓,上坡土壤水分和冻土层上水位的变化幅度相对下坡较为平缓,而上坡土壤水分相对下坡含量较低,下坡冻土层上水位相对稳定。 相似文献
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水库蓄水对库底沉降影响的数值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
抽水蓄能电站常采用沥青混凝土进行库底防渗护面处理,过快的蓄水速率和过大的蓄水水头可能导致库底护面开裂。以某抽水蓄能电站的上水库为例,用考虑Biot固结理论的平面有限元法,在依据沉降观测点实测资料优化确定地基土模型参数的基础上,分析了水库蓄水速率和蓄水水头对库底沉降量、沉降率及库底沥青混凝土应变率的影响。结果表明,蓄水速率对地基的最终沉降值影响不明显,而在蓄高水位历时内,地基的沉降增量和最大沉降率均与蓄水速率和蓄水水头有很好的相关性,沥青混凝土的最大应变率仅与蓄水速率相关。 相似文献
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A discriminant technique based on mixture models is presented to be applied when observations are a sample of a mixture of compositions with each component following an additive logistic normal distribution on the d-dimensional simplex. The efficiency of this discriminant technique is compared empirically with the efficiency of the standard discriminant technique based on logcontrast. Simulated compositional data and a real dataset are used to carry out these comparisons. 相似文献
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现代冰川和冻土退缩对铁路影响的研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
温室效应和全球变化是当前人类面临的重大全球性环境问题，当今世界正在大力进行研究的未来１０－１００ａ内可能发生人类有史以来未经历过的全球气候和环境的巨大变化，将使现有若干铁路面临着冰川、多年冻土加剧退缩和海平面上升等过程的严峻挑战。 相似文献
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为了探索宽窄相间河道的水流紊动特性,以西南地区宝兴河上游宽窄相间河段为研究对象,基于室内概化模型试验,采用多普勒声学流速仪(ADV)测量了室内模型典型断面上的三维瞬时流速,分析典型断面上的纵向时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺切应力和紊动能的分布规律。试验结果显示:宽窄相间水槽中,扩散段边壁的紊动强度大于中心区域的紊动强度,最大值位于0.2倍水深处;扩散段两侧坡脚处紊动能最大;侧壁区的平面和立面雷诺切应力最大值出现在扩散段内,中心区域最大雷诺切应力位于两槽间的中间断面处;扩散段内水流紊乱,两侧出现旋涡和涡脱,易造成侧壁侵蚀加强,引起河道拓宽。深入分析了宽窄相间河道水流的紊动特性,可为山区河流治理和自然灾害防治提供参考。 相似文献
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The main goal of the study was to compare two methods of structural analysis, based on different principles: an engineering method and the Eraso method. The first one was developed with the intention of studying geotechnical and hydraulic properties on freshly exposed rock surfaces, while the second one is based on microtectonic analysis and is mainly applied on surface outcrops. Structural analysis of discontinuities in fractured and karstified rock at one experimental field site in Slovenia was performed. Measurements were carried out on surface outcrops and in an underground artificial tunnel, twice in two different seasons (autumn 1999 and summer 1996), but by the same personnel. Both methods were found to be more or less repeatable and applicable both on the surface outcrops (weathered rock) and on freshly excavated rock surfaces (artificial tunnels and quarries), and on a macroscale. The results have shown that we can infer from the macroscale data set to the (regional) mega-scale. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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研究平推式滑坡中承压水渗流形式对滑坡稳定性的影响,有利于准确评价斜坡稳定性,对此类滑坡的成灾机制研究具有重要的理论指导意义。基于承压水渗流宽度变化规律,将平推式滑坡中底滑面承压水渗流形式分为辐射流和非辐射流。依据不同的渗流形式,构建了相应的平推式滑坡分析模型,结合地下水向河渠稳定运动相关理论,推导了不同模型中承压水的水头线方程和滑面上扬压力的计算公式,提出了扬压力的3种分布形式,并对平推式滑坡启动判据进行修正,最后结合滑坡实例分析了不同渗流形式对滑坡稳定性的影响规律。 相似文献