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1.
《古地理学报》2021,23(3)
为重建黔中地区震旦纪陡山沱期古海洋环境,选取小河磷矿(XH)、息烽磷矿(XF)含磷岩系剖面,通过系统采样及岩矿鉴定、扫描电镜、微量元素和稀土元素分析,揭示古海洋环境对磷块岩沉积的影响作用。结果表明,磷矿成矿受黔中古陆长期剥蚀夷平形成的无障壁海岸海滩环境控制。陡山沱期洋水组磷块岩Sr/Ba值一般大于1,均值分别为1.90 (XH)和0.95 (XF),而澄江组沉积物Sr/Ba值均小于1,均值分别为0.11 (XH)和0.18 (XF),说明沉积环境由澄江期的湖泊相转变为陡山沱期的海相。小河剖面V/Cr和Ni/Co均值分别为1.77和2.17,息烽剖面V/Cr和Ni/Co均值分别为1.26和2.83,均位于弱氧化—氧化区间。息烽磷矿磷块岩δCe为0.75～0.95,均值0.85,小河磷矿磷块岩δCe为0.74～1.09,均值0.88,Ce负异常由底部至顶部逐渐增大,显示沉积环境由次氧化—氧化的转变。这种氧化转变不仅造成了浅水富磷海岸大洋生产力的提升,进一步促使与生物作用相关的磷块岩沉积,同时造成的生命演化也改变了大洋含氧结构,因此成磷环境的氧化转变是对新元古代氧化事件与生命演化的响应。 相似文献
2.
息烽磷矿是贵州地区震旦纪陡山沱期磷矿的重要组成部分,以矿层厚、品位高、断裂构造发育、叠层石丰富而独具特色。通过对矿床地质特征及矿床地球化学特征综合研究认为,从陡山沱组底到顶气候经历温湿—干热—湿热变化,海平面对应经历了海进—海退—海进,其内的磷块岩和磷质岩是在热水沉积作用、生物作用和正常海水沉积作用等共同作用下形成于前滨—临滨环境。综合以上,反演息烽陡山沱期成矿过程,发现矿床经历了“海进—海退—海进”三阶段成矿,在陡山沱早期海进阶段形成下矿层,随后的海退阶段和海进阶段形成上矿层。空间上,2矿层之间夹白云岩,且交于靠黔中古陆一侧,当第2次海进越过第1次海进的前滨—临滨位置后,只形成上矿层,是开阳、息烽磷矿床1层矿体形成的对应部位。瓮福磷矿床有2层矿体,对应处于经历了“三阶段成矿”的前滨—临滨部位,且瓮福磷矿成矿时的位置高程明显低于息烽磷矿、息烽磷矿略低于开阳磷矿,通过岩性特征对比,与实际基本吻合。因此,在对陡山沱期的磷矿进行成矿预测和找矿勘查中,与息烽磷矿床相似的黔中及附近区域的动态前滨—临滨环境,均为磷矿床的找矿靶区,利用“三阶段成矿”形成相交的2矿层特点,可高效对已知矿床、矿化点和前滨—临滨带周围进行成矿预测。 相似文献
3.
息烽磷矿是贵州地区震旦纪陡山沱期磷矿的重要组成部分,以矿层厚、品位高、断裂构造发育、叠层石丰富而独具特色。通过对矿床地质特征及矿床地球化学特征综合研究认为,从陡山沱组底到顶气候经历温湿—干热—湿热变化,海平面对应经历了海进—海退—海进,其内的磷块岩和磷质岩是在热水沉积作用、生物作用和正常海水沉积作用等共同作用下形成于前滨—临滨环境。综合以上,反演息烽陡山沱期成矿过程,发现矿床经历了“海进—海退—海进”三阶段成矿,在陡山沱早期海进阶段形成下矿层,随后的海退阶段和海进阶段形成上矿层。空间上,2矿层之间夹白云岩,且交于靠黔中古陆一侧,当第2次海进越过第1次海进的前滨—临滨位置后,只形成上矿层,是开阳、息烽磷矿床1层矿体形成的对应部位。瓮福磷矿床有2层矿体,对应处于经历了“三阶段成矿”的前滨—临滨部位,且瓮福磷矿成矿时的位置高程明显低于息烽磷矿、息烽磷矿略低于开阳磷矿,通过岩性特征对比,与实际基本吻合。因此,在对陡山沱期的磷矿进行成矿预测和找矿勘查中,与息烽磷矿床相似的黔中及附近区域的动态前滨—临滨环境,均为磷矿床的找矿靶区,利用“三阶段成矿”形成相交的2矿层特点,可高效对已知矿床、矿化点和前滨—临滨带周围进行成矿预测。 相似文献
4.
新元古代末期历经“雪球地球”和大气、海洋增氧事件后,发生了全球性成磷事件,贵州省震旦系陡山沱组大规模磷矿床沉积是本次成磷事件的典型代表。然而现阶段对贵州陡山沱组磷块岩成磷作用机制研究存在诸多争议,成磷事件与同期古海洋环境转变之间的关联研究也较为薄弱。作者以贵州省瓮安、遵义和丹寨地区陡山沱组原生磷块岩为研究对象开展的沉积学、岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征研究表明: 陡山沱早期成磷作用被限制在浅水海岸,瓮安地区A矿层球粒磷块岩中大量的含铁自生矿物黄铁矿、海绿石以及无Ce负异常指示的贫氧沉积水体环境均表明,Fe-氧化还原泵成磷模式在富磷过程中发挥了重要作用;陡山沱晚期磷块岩分布扩散至较深水陆棚—斜坡沉积相区,磷块岩与富有机质岩层共生,矿物晶体形态特征与矿石内富含的大量生物化石均表明,有机质沉降聚磷作用和生物成磷作用促使磷块岩大量沉积,较明显的Ce负异常值也指示了海水氧气含量的提升。成磷作用模式的转变和磷块岩分布的扩展是对海洋增氧事件的沉积响应,同时造成的多细胞动物演化也影响了深部水体的氧化还原状态,进而反映了贵州省陡山沱组磷块岩大规模沉积与新元古代末期氧化事件(NOE)密切的耦合关系。 相似文献
5.
《中国煤炭地质》2016,(4)
早震旦世陡山沱期是地球历史气候、环境及生物变化剧烈的时期。通过对湖北钟祥莲花山矿段陡山沱组磷块岩的稀土元素研究,确定了磷块岩北美页岩标准化Ce负异常曲线呈水平状、帽状特征,第三磷矿层磷块岩2块样品的Ce_anom值分别为-0.31、-0.34,第一磷矿层磷块岩3个样品Ce_anom值分别为-0.09、-0.12、-0.08,数值比较接近-0.01;磷块岩C1球粒陨石标准化的Ce负异常以及与湘东北花岗岩的相关性特征。分析表明,莲花山磷块岩的沉积物磷的来源与海底热液或火山有关,且第一磷矿层沉积水深较第三磷矿层浅,处于氧化还原平衡态环境,第三磷矿层水深且水动力强,处于氧化环境。 相似文献
6.
贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积期后变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩保存了可能是全球最早的后生动物化石 (瓮安动物群 ),对于瓮安动物群出现过程中的古海洋环境重建具有重要科学意义。但必须对成岩后生作用对磷块岩中的稀土元素改造进行评估。通过对贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的磷质碎屑、磷质和白云质胶结物、磷条带和泥条带等的稀土元素地球化学特征研究,确定沉积期后变化对稀土元素的改造影响不大。上矿层磷块岩沉积期形成的磷质碎屑、成岩期形成的白云质和磷质胶结物具相同的稀土元素配分模式,暗示了沉积期后的改造作用对瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩保存的原生沉积信息影响不大。瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩具有显著的重稀土亏损特征。磷块岩的磷质和白云质胶结物、伴生磷质碎屑、强风化磷块岩相近的ErN/LuN 比值,表明沉积期后的改造作用不是重稀土元素亏损的主要原因。磷块岩的ErN/LuN、LaN/NdN 与Ce/Ce 间的相关性,表明越氧化的沉积环境中,轻和重稀土元素亏损越强。 相似文献
7.
贵州瓮安磷矿陡山沱组地层元素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
瓮安陡山沱组上磷矿层含有大量早期多细胞动物化石(瓮安生物群),而陡山沱组下磷矿层未发现该生物群,说明上下两个磷矿层体现了不同的沉积环境。上磷矿层的氧化还原敏感元素Mo,U,V含量较下磷矿层要低很多。底部白云岩层、下磷矿层和中部白云岩层,无Ce异常,而上磷矿层和灯影组白云岩层Ce为负异常。这些表明,瓮安陡山沱组地层形成的海水沉积环境由下部的缺氧环境向上部的氧化环境转变。 相似文献
8.
贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积古环境 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
晚元古代末的陡山沱期(550-600Ma)是地球历史生物、化学和气候变化的剧烈时期。通过对贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷矿的稀土元素研究，确定上矿层磷块岩的北美页岩标准化稀土模式具负Ce异常、轻和重稀土亏损及中稀土富集特征。下矿层磷块岩稀土模式为轻微负Ce异常、轻微的轻和重稀土亏损及中稀土富集。下矿层磷块岩的Ceanom值为-0．065～-0．077，上矿层磷块岩的Ceanom为-0．26～-0．291，表明瓮安磷矿沉积古环境从下矿层的还原条件转变为上矿层的氧化条件。这种南沱冰期之后的环境变化可能为瓮安动物群的大爆发提供了必要的条件。 相似文献
9.
10.
贵州开阳磷矿以其厚而富的磷矿石资源备受关注。对开阳龙水地区含磷岩系(洋水组)剖面进行地层学、岩石学和沉积学研究,并讨论其沉积环境和成磷作用。区内含磷岩系岩性组合为黏土岩-白云岩-碎屑状磷块岩-硅质岩-泥晶磷块岩-叠层石磷块岩。龙水地区在震旦纪陡山沱期整体为靠近古陆边缘的滨岸潮坪沉积环境,并经历了2次海侵-海退。其沉积环境由初期的无障壁海滩转变为晚期的潮坪环境,表明陡山沱期古海洋处于较为动荡的环境,海平面升降频繁。富含生物化石的致密状泥晶磷块岩、圆柱状叠层石磷块岩和磷质生物团粒,均属于原生磷块岩。三者磷酸盐含量极高,属于高品位磷块岩,其形成环境可能是弱酸性至弱碱性的浅海陆棚。生物与高品位磷块岩的密切关系说明生物在高品位磷块岩形成过程中起重要作用。其形成具有3个必要条件: 海水富磷,生物大量繁殖,有利于生物繁殖及磷酸盐结晶的沉积环境。 相似文献
11.
REE geochemistry of Early Cambrian phosphorites from Gezhongwu Formation at Zhijin, Guizhou Province, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Cambrian Gezhongwu Formation in Southwest China is the lowest Cambrian phosphorite unit. The Formation belongs to the Meishucun stage with small shelly fossils. Rare-earth element (REE)data from the Gezhongwu phosphorites of Zhijin documented the depositional conditions. The total REE concentrations are high in the Gezhongwu phosphorites, which are especially rich in yttrium. The PAASnormalized REE patterns of the Gezhongwu phosphorites are characterized by negative Ce anomalies and slight enrichment of MREE, as being hat-shaped. The hat-shaped patterns suggest that the REE originated from depositional environments rather than from subsequent diagenesis. The negative Ce anomalies indicate that the depositional environments are oxic. The positive Eu anomaly, the high total REE and the hatshaped REE pattern revealed contributions from the normal marine environment mixed with hydrothermal water to the REE budget of the Gezhongwu phosphorites. 相似文献
12.
Trace elements in supergene phosphorites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Supergene phosphorites were analyzed for Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Sc, Cr, Ag, and V, i.e., elements incorporated in carbonate-apatite by isomorphic substitution. The phosphorites were subdivided into four groups: (1) phosphorites related to the weathering of sedimentary rocks, (2) phosphorites related to the weathering of endogenous rocks, (3) lacustrine coprolite phosphorites, and (4) phosphorites of ocean islands. In all the phosphorites groups, Sr, Zn, and Ba were the most abundant of the trace elements, whereas Cd, Ag, and Sc showed the lowest concentrations. Variations in trace element contents between supergene phosphorites of different genetic groups or within a single group can be explained by the different compositions of weathered rocks and geochemical environments of supergene phosphorite formation. At the same time, the contents of some trace elements are correlated with the structural type of phosphorite. In particular, phosphorite crusts or only their outer parts show elevated contents of chalcophile elements (Cd, Zn, and Ag), whereas massive phosphorites and inner parts of crusts are often enriched in such lithophile elements as Sc, V, and Cr. It was found that Cd, Zn, Ag, Sr, and Ba are positively correlated with CO2 but show negligible correlations with other constituents of carbonate-apatite. 相似文献
13.
鲕粒,豆粒磷块岩的显微结构和生成特点 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
晚震旦世陡山沱组和早寒武世渔户村组、辛集组磷矿中有各种鮞粒、豆粒磷块岩。豆粒、鮞粒内核的成分和结构复杂,有来自陆地的各种岩石砂屑、细砾,也有盆内沉积物破碎成的各种内碎屑。鮞粒、豆粒的壳层是同心纹层状磷灰石,它是内核在富磷海水扰动中逐层淀积而成。大部分豆粒、鮞粒在滨海高能浅水中与陆源砂、砾和岔内碎屑沉积在一起,少量鮞粒则沉积在滨外深水低能环境巾。豆粒、鮞粒和碎屑等沉积后又被不同物质胶结。 相似文献
14.
《Chemical Geology》2002,182(2-4):483-502
Detailed petrological, mineralogical, geochemical and radiogenic (U, Sr, Nd) and stable isotope (C, O, S) studies have been carried out on the Quaternary phosphorites of the continental margin off Chennai, southeast coast of India. These phosphorites are formed as a result of trapping and binding of sediments by microbial mats and are similar to phosphate stratiform stromatolites. Detrital and biogenic constituents enclosed in the phosphorites controlled the major and minor element composition. Except for Sr and U, the concentrations of most of the trace metals are lower than those in average shale and phosphorite. Middle rare earth element (MREE)-enriched patterns are the characteristic feature. The U–Th dating method indicates that the ages of the phosphorites are beyond 300,000 years. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the phosphorites are higher than that of present-day seawater and εNd values are more negative than those of seawater of the Atlantic Ocean. Carbon isotope ratios are within the range expected for the oxic/suboxic zone but sulfur isotope ratios indicate suboxic conditions during phosphorite formation. These results imply that the benthic microbial mats thrived on the shallow shelf during the Quaternary low sea level conditions. Periodic or episodic sedimentation onto the mats led to their death. The bacteria associated with decaying microbial mats utilised phosphorus supplied by continental sources and rapidly precipitated phosphate. The availability of a high percentage of phosphorus in seawater seems to be an important controlling factor for the formation of phosphate stromatolites. The composition of these phosphorites differs from the modern phosphorites in upwelling regions, but are similar to Cambrian apatite stromatolites. These phosphorites provide evidence that the replicates of ancient phosphate stromatolites do exist in the Quaternary. 相似文献
15.
灯影组磷块岩有四种类型,即泥晶磷块岩、内碎屑磷块岩、藻磷块岩和细晶磷块岩。组成磷块岩的主要矿物是磷灰石、白云石、石英和少量伊利石等。磷块岩主要沉积在陆缘海内,它的沉积环境是与深水有联系的浅水地区。深水和浅水环境的地质背景分别为构造拗陷和碳酸盐岩台地。前者提供成矿物质,后者提供有利于磷质成矿的沉积环境。 相似文献
16.
Phosphogenesis of phosphorite from the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in Guizhou Province and its coupling relation with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event 
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下载免费PDF全文 Phosphate deposits of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation accumulated in the central Guizhou Province are the typical phosphate-rich sediments during the Neoproterozoic Phosphogenic Episodes,which occurred after the “Snowball Earth”period and Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. However,the mechanisms of phosphate enrichment in seawater have always been hotly debated,and the research for correlations between phosphogenesis and transition of Ediacaran palaeo-ocean environments is still unsubstantial. This study focused on the sedimentological,petrological,mineralogical and geochemical analyses on the Doushantuo pristine phosphorite in Weng'an,Zunyi and Danzhai area. Documented by spherulitic phosphorites in the Lower Phosphorite beds from Weng'an area that contain abundant autogenetic Fe-bearing minerals such as pyrite and glauconite and show weak Ce negative anomaly,Fe-redox pumping in low-oxygen environments are the important phosphogenesis mechanism but only limited in coastal waters in the Early Doushantuo Period. Phosphorite in the Upper Phosphorite beds deposited within organic-rich beds and contain massive biological fossils suggests that phosphogenesis might have been triggered by degradation of organic matter and biological action in the Late Doushantuo Period,and distribution of phosphatic sediments extended to the deeper shelf to slope setting. Obvious Ce negative anomaly implies the increase of oxygen content in seawater. The transition of phosphogenesis mechanisms and the expansion of phosphorite deposits are the sedimentary response of ocean oxygenation,and the associated evolution of metazoans also changed the redox conditions of the deep seawater. These sedimentary and geochemistry data reflect the closed coupling relation between Doushantuo phosphorite in Guizhou Province and the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. 相似文献