共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
L.N. Kailasam 《Tectonophysics》1976,36(1-3)
The peninsular shield of India is characterized by a number of intra-cratonic sedimentary basins of which the Cuddapah and Vindhyan Basins are conspicuous.The crescent-shaped Cuddapah Basin (~1400 m.y.) covering roughly 35,000 square kilometers in the southern peninsula and enclosing the Cuddapah formations (Precambrian) includes shallow marine shales, limestones, sandstones and quartzites. These sediments are overlain by the younger Kurnool formations of Vindhyan (Upper Precambrian) age in the western and northern marginal portions of the basin and are intruded by basaltic sils and dykes. The eastern margin of the basin is characterized by an overthrust with steeply folded beds, while in the remaining parts, the formations show a gentle eastward dip. Evidence for Recent epeirogenic movements is provided by geomorphic features and current seismicity.The Great Vindhyan Basin of north-central India covering more than 100,000 square kilometers encloses Vindhyan sediments including some marine shales and limestones in the lower parts and shallow-water deposits of red sandstones and shales in the upper parts. The beds are generally horizontal, but are strongly disturbed along the southern margin. There are intrusions of basaltic dykes and kimberlite pipes.The Gondwana basins (Upper Carboniferous to Jurassic) are relatively smaller cratonic units in Archaean faulted troughs.Gravity and magnetic investigations, both regional and detailed, supplemented by deep seismic sounding profiles in the Cuddapah Basin have brought out the deep structural features of the basin, including the Moho, indicating a total thickness of generally 5–8 km with a maximum thickness of sediments of nearly 12 km in the eastern part. The beds show both a layered structure in the horizontal and block structure in the vertical, disturbed by a low-angle thrust fault on the eastern margin. In the Vindhyan Basin, the gravity and magnetic data indicate about 5000 m of sediments in the central portions, with major, roughly faults over the western and southern margins.The deep structural features of these intra-cratonic basins, as indicated by the geophysical results, are discussed in relation to the geological theories proposed for their genesis and development. 相似文献
2.
To better understand how active deformation localizes within a continental plate in response to extensional and transtensional tectonics, a combined analysis of high-quality gravity (Bouguer anomaly) and seismicity data is presented consisting of about 35000 earthquakes recorded in the Baikal Rift Zone. This approach allows imaging of deformation patterns from the surface down to the Moho. A comparison is made with heat flow variations in order to assess the importance of lithospheric rheology in the style of extensional deformation. Three different rift sectors can be identified. The southwestern rift sector is characterized by strong gravity and topography contrasts marked by two major crustal faults and diffuse seismicity. Heat flow shows locally elevated values, correlated with recent volcanism and negative seismic P-velocity anomalies. Based on earthquake fault plane solutions and on previous stress field inversions, it is proposed that strain decoupling may occur in this area in response to wrench-compressional stress regime imposed by the India–Asia collision. The central sector is characterized by two major seismic belts; the southernmost one corresponds to a single, steeply dipping fault accommodating oblique extension; in the centre of lake Baikal, a second seismic belt is associated with several dip-slip faults and subcrustal thinning at the rift axis in response to orthogonal extension. The northern rift sector is characterized by a wide, low Bouguer anomaly which corresponds to a broad, high topographic dome and seismic belts and swarms. This topography can be explained by lithospheric buoyancy forces possibly linked to anomalous upper mantle. At a more detailed scale, no clear correlation appears between the surficial fault pattern and the gravity signal. As in other continental rifts, it appears that the lithospheric rheology influences extensional basins morphology. However, in the Baikal rift, the inherited structural fabric combined with stress field variations results in oblique rifting tectonics which seem to control the geometry of southern and northeastern rift basins. 相似文献
3.
C. K. Morley 《Tectonophysics》2002,347(4):1146
Models for the Tertiary evolution of SE Asia fall into two main types: a pure escape tectonics model with no proto-South China Sea, and subduction of proto-South China Sea oceanic crust beneath Borneo. A related problem is which, if any, of the main strike–slip faults (Mae Ping, Three Pagodas and Aliao Shan–Red River (ASRR)) cross Sundaland to the NW Borneo margin to facilitate continental extrusion? Recent results investigating strike–slip faults, rift basins, and metamorphic core complexes are reviewed and a revised tectonic model for SE Asia proposed. Key points of the new model include: (1) The ASRR shear zone was mainly active in the Eocene–Oligocene in order to link with extension in the South China Sea. The ASRR was less active during the Miocene (tens of kilometres of sinistral displacement), with minor amounts of South China Sea spreading centre extension transferred to the ASRR shear zone. (2) At least three important regions of metamorphic core complex development affected Indochina from the Oligocene–Miocene (Mogok gneiss belt; Doi Inthanon and Doi Suthep; around the ASRR shear zone). Hence, Paleogene crustal thickening, buoyancy-driven crustal collapse, and lower crustal flow are important elements of the Tertiary evolution of Indochina. (3) Subduction of a proto-South China Sea oceanic crust during the Eocene–Early Miocene is necessary to explain the geological evolution of NW Borneo and must be built into any model for the region. (4) The Eocene–Oligocene collision of NE India with Burma activated extrusion tectonics along the Three Pagodas, Mae Ping, Ranong and Klong Marui faults and right lateral motion along the Sumatran subduction zone. (5) The only strike–slip fault link to the NW Borneo margin occurred along the trend of the ASRR fault system, which passes along strike into a right lateral transform system including the Baram line. 相似文献
4.
We compare relocations of recent (1973–2005) and historic (1919–1972) earthquakes to geologic and geophysical (gravity, aeromagnetic, and uplift) information to determine the relationship of seismicity to crustal deformation in southeastern Alaska. Our results suggest that along strike changes in the structure of the Pacific plate may control the location of the ends of rupture zones for large earthquakes along the offshore Queen Charlotte fault system in the southern portion of the study area. There is a marked increase in background seismicity in the northern portion of the study area where the Fairweather fault begins to bend toward the northwest and crustal uplift due to glacial unloading exceeds 20 mm/year. Focal mechanisms indicate that thrust and reverse mechanisms predominate in the region of maximum uplift, as might be expected by the decrease in ice sheet thickness. The diffuse nature of seismicity between the Fairweather and Denali faults in the northern study area suggests a complex interaction between plate/microplate interactions and glacial unloading, making it difficult to determine the optimal fault orientation for failure in moderate magnitude (5.5 to 6.5) earthquakes within this region. 相似文献
5.
青藏高原东缘旋转变形机制的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞作用下,青藏高原受到华南块体、鄂尔多斯块体等不同程度的阻挡,引起高原的整体隆升。青藏高原东南缘发生物质向南"逃逸",青藏高原东缘现今的地壳运动表现为围绕青藏高原东构造结发生顺时针的旋转。针对青藏高原东缘的旋转变形特征,基于以大型活动断裂为界的块体构造模型,利用粘弹性接触单元有限元模拟,分析了控制青藏高原东缘旋转变形的动力学环境,模拟的GPS速度与实测GPS速度能够较好的地吻合,构造应力场分布特征和活动断层的性质也能够较大程度地吻合,模拟过程采用的边界及其代表的动力学环境表明,青藏高原东缘整体受控于印度板块的持续碰撞和稳定的华南板块的阻挡,在下地壳的拖曳和重力作用下,青藏高原物质从南部边界"逃逸"。在"逃逸"过程中,受印度板块斜向俯冲作用的影响,沿实皆断裂缅甸板块对巽他板块的剪切拉升作用是形成围绕喜马拉雅东构造结的旋转运动和地壳变形的重要因素,也是青藏高原东南缘旋转活动构造体系的主要影响因素之一。 相似文献
6.
S. J. Sangode D. C. Meshram Y. R. Kulkarni S. S. Gudadhe D. B. Malpe M. A. Herlekar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(4):459-471
A field and imagery based study at the eastern margin of the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), and in the Precambrian terrain of Adilabad and Karimnagar districts of Andhra Pradesh, India display a striking response of the Godavari and Kaddam rivers to Kaddam lineament-fault fracture (KLF) system. Brittle to ductile deformations within the Precambrian formations indicate its antiquity, while the continuity of Kaddam lineament over DVP suggests its Tertiary reactivation. The morpho-tectonic response of the Godavari and Kaddam rivers in this area depict southward tilt of the fault block west of Kaddam fault during Quaternary. In the given set-up we postulate a greater role of crustal loading of the Deccan traps, and its rapid erosional unloading during Late Cenozoic intensified monsoon conditions as one of the causative factors for the above neotectonic response demanding further detailed work on the KLF and elsewhere in the peripheral regions of DVP encountered by active faults and old fractures. 相似文献
7.
Deep crustal reflection data that are critical for the interpretation of Laramide structure have been obtained by the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP). The Laramide orogeny, which occurred from the late Cretaceous to early Eocene, is characterized in Wyoming by large uplifts of Precambrian basement, commonly flanked by reverse faults. The attitude of these faults at depth has been a major tectonic problem and is very important for deciding whether horizontal or vertical crustal movements were primarily responsible for the basement uplifts. COCORP has run 158 km of deep seismic reflection profiles (recording to 20-sec two-way travel time) across the southeastern end of the Wind River Mountains, the largest of these Laramide uplifts. Reflections from the thrust fault flanking the Wind River uplift can be clearly traced on the profiles to at least 24-km depth and possibly as deep as about 36 km with a fairly uniform apparent dip of 30°–35°. Other reflection events subparallel to the main Wind River thrust are present in the seismic profiles and may represent other faults. There is at least 21 km of crustal shortening along the thrust. There is no evidence in the reflection profiles for large-scale folding of the basement; the Wind River Mountains were formed predominantly by thrust movements. Gravity anomalies in the Wind River Mountains can be modeled by a thrust that displaces dense material in the lower crust. If the thrust ever cut the Moho, the effect is not observed in the gravity today. A proposed model for the presence of uplifted basement in Wyoming invokes a shallowly dipping, subducted Farallon plate beneath the North American continent; drag between the two plates localized compressional stresses in an area over 800 km into the North American plate causing large thrusts to develop. The earth's crust seems to have fractured as a fairly rigid plate 相似文献
8.
A combined gravity map over the Indian Peninsular Shield (IPS) and adjoining oceans brings out well the inter-relationships between the older tectonic features of the continent and the adjoining younger oceanic features. The NW–SE, NE–SW and N–S Precambrian trends of the IPS are reflected in the structural trends of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal suggesting their probable reactivation. The Simple Bouguer anomaly map shows consistent increase in gravity value from the continent to the deep ocean basins, which is attributed to isostatic compensation due to variations in the crustal thickness. A crustal density model computed along a profile across this region suggests a thick crust of 35–40 km under the continent, which reduces to 22/20–24 km under the Bay of Bengal with thick sediments of 8–10 km underlain by crustal layers of density 2720 and 2900/2840 kg/m3. Large crustal thickness and trends of the gravity anomalies may suggest a transitional crust in the Bay of Bengal up to 150–200 km from the east coast. The crustal thickness under the Laxmi ridge and east of it in the Arabian Sea is 20 and 14 km, respectively, with 5–6 km thick Tertiary and Mesozoic sediments separated by a thin layer of Deccan Trap. Crustal layers of densities 2750 and 2950 kg/m3 underlie sediments. The crustal density model in this part of the Arabian Sea (east of Laxmi ridge) and the structural trends similar to the Indian Peninsular Shield suggest a continent–ocean transitional crust (COTC). The COTC may represent down dropped and submerged parts of the Indian crust evolved at the time of break-up along the west coast of India and passage of Reunion hotspot over India during late Cretaceous. The crustal model under this part also shows an underplated lower crust and a low density upper mantle, extending over the continent across the west coast of India, which appears to be related to the Deccan volcanism. The crustal thickness under the western Arabian Sea (west of the Laxmi ridge) reduces to 8–9 km with crustal layers of densities 2650 and 2870 kg/m3 representing an oceanic crust. 相似文献
9.
Questions persist concerning the earthquake potential of the populous and industrial Lake Ontario (Canada–USA) area. Pertinent to those questions is whether the major fault zone that extends along the St. Lawrence River valley, herein named the St. Lawrence fault zone, continues upstream along the St. Lawrence River valley at least as far as Lake Ontario or terminates near Cornwall (Ontario, Canada)–Massena (NY, USA). New geological studies uncovered paleotectonic bedrock faults that are parallel to, and lie within, the projection of that northeast-oriented fault zone between Cornwall and northeastern Lake Ontario, suggesting that the fault zone continues into Lake Ontario. The aforementioned bedrock faults range from meters to tens of kilometers in length and display kinematically incompatible displacements, implying that the fault zone was periodically reactivated in the study area. Beneath Lake Ontario the Hamilton–Presqu'ile fault lines up with the St. Lawrence fault zone and projects to the southwest where it coincides with the Dundas Valley (Ontario, Canada). The Dundas Valley extends landward from beneath the western end of the lake and is marked by a vertical stratigraphic displacement across its width. The alignment of the Hamilton–Presqu'ile fault with the St. Lawrence fault zone strongly suggests that the latter crosses the entire length of Lake Ontario and continues along the Dundas Valley.The Rochester Basin, an east–northeast-trending linear trough in the southeastern corner of Lake Ontario, lies along the southern part of the St. Lawrence fault zone. Submarine dives in May 1997 revealed inclined layers of glaciolacustrine clay along two different scarps within the basin. The inclined layers strike parallel to the long dimension of the basin, and dip about 20° to the north–northwest suggesting that they are the result of rigid-body rotation consequent upon post-glacial faulting. Those post-glacial faults are growth faults as demonstrated by the consistently greater thickness, unit-by-unit, of unconsolidated sediments on the downthrown (northwest) side of the faults relative to their counterparts on the upthrown (southeast) side. Underneath the western part of Lake Ontario is a monoclinal warp that displaces the glacial and post-glacial sediments, and the underlying bedrock–sediment interface. Because of the post-glacial growth faults and the monoclinal warp the St. Lawrence fault zone is inferred to be tectonically active beneath Lake Ontario. Furthermore, within the lake it crosses at least five major faults and fault zones and coexists with other neotectonic structures. Those attributes, combined with the large earthquakes associated with the St. Lawrence fault zone well to the northeast of Lake Ontario, suggest that the seismic risk in the area surrounding and including Lake Ontario is likely much greater than previously believed. 相似文献
10.
The results of the analysis of crustal block movement obtained from the GPS data in 2009–2012 in the South Yakutia geodynamic testing area located at the junction of two major tectonic structures—the Aldan shield of the Siberian platform and the Stanovoi fold-block area—are presented. The drift of the block in the southeastern direction corresponds to the main azimuth of the strike of the activated fault systems and is consistent with the results of the geodetic observations performed in the 1970–1980s. Based on the periodic components of the complete displacement vector, hinge-type movements along the local faults are established. It is shown that, in the annual cycles, the rotational, oscillational, and translational movements of the block have a nonlinear character, and solitary strain waves are likely to be formed in the zones of activated faults. 相似文献
11.
12.
The Central India Tectonic Zone(CITZ) marks the trace of a major suture zone along which the south Indian and the north Indian continental blocks were assembled through subduction-accretioncollision tectonics in the Mesoproterozoic.The CITZ also witnessed the major,plume-related,late Cretaceous Deccan volcanic activity,covering substantial parts of the region with continental flood basalts and associated magmatic provinces.A number of major fault zones dissect the region,some of which are seismically active.Here we present results from gravity modeling along five regional profiles in the CITZ, and combine these results with magnetotelluric(MT) modeling results to explain the crustal architecture. The models show a resistive(more than 2000Ω·m) and a normal density(2.70 g/cm~3) upper crust suggesting\ dominant tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG) composition.There is a marked correlation between both high-density(2.95 g/cm~3) and low-density(2.65 g/cm~3) regions with high conductive zones (<80Ω·m) in the deep crust.We infer the presence of an interconnected grain boundary network of fluids or fluid-hosted structures,where the conductors are associated with gravity lows.Based on the conductive nature,we propose that the lower crustal rocks are fluid reservoirs,where the fluids occur as trapped phase within minerals,fluid-filled porosity,or as fluid-rich structural conduits.We envisage that substantial volume of fluids were transferred from mantle into the lower crust through the younger plume-related Deccan volcanism,as well as the reactivation,fracturing and expulsion of fluids transported to depth during the Mesoproterozoic subduction tectonics.Migration of the fluids into brittle fault zones such as the Narmada North Fault and the Narmada South Fault resulted in generating high pore pressures and weakening of the faults,as reflected in the seismicity.This inference is also supported by the presence of broad gravity lows near these faults,as well as the low velocity in the lower crust beneath regions of recent major earthquakes within the CITZ. 相似文献
13.
Ambrosina Gontijo-Pascutti Francisco H.R. Bezerra Emanuele La Terra Julio C.H. Almeida 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2010,29(2):522-536
In the Ribeira belt, southeastern Brazil, the Precambrian mylonitic fabric mainly formed during the Brasiliano/Pan-African orogeny (640–480 Ma) and was reactivated as fault zones in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. The reactivation process led to the development of the System of Continental Rifts of southeastern Brazil, from the Paleogene to the Quaternary. We investigated the brittle reactivation of a mylonitic zone, which is part of a major mylonitic belt, Arcádia-Areal. We used geological and geomorphological mapping, resistivity survey, controlled source audiomagnetotelluric survey, and luminescence dating. Our results indicate that this shear zone was reactivated and formed a 15 km long and 2 km wide sedimentary-filled trough, the Rio Santana Graben. It is located on the northwest border of a major structure, the Guanabara Graben, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The Rio Santana Graben forms an almost entirely fault-bounded, NE-elongated depression that was accommodated entirely within the Arcádia-Areal shear zone. The graben consists of two main depocenters separated by a relay ramp. The graben formed by means of multistage activity of several faults during at least two main periods. The first period formed silicified fault breccia and occurred during alkaline magmatism in the Paleogene. The second formed fault breccia and gouge in shallow conditions and occurred at least until the Quaternary. The NE-trending and NW-dipping Precambrian fabric was reactivated as dip-slip and strike-slip faults. These faults triggered clastic-sediment deposition at least 300 m thick. The upper part of the graben consists of Quaternary alluvial and colluvial sediment fill, which yielded maximum luminescence deposition ages from 49 to 13 ka in the center of the trough. An organic layer at the top of the Quaternary alluvial deposits yielded 14C ages at ～6000 years BP. The lower part of the graben may be composed of Paleogene to Neogene sedimentary deposits, which occur in other basins of the System of Continental Rifts of southeastern Brazil. We conclude that the Rio Santana Graben is an example of the direct control of a preexisting continental-scale rheological boundary on the geometry and location of fault systems and sediment deposition. Quaternary fault reactivation of the preexisting fabrics represents only the latest movement of a major structure. 相似文献
14.
川滇地区重力场特征与地壳变形研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对川滇地区重力场特征进行了研究,获得了研究区内地壳厚度分布及变形特征。总体上,研究区内地壳厚度从西北向东南逐渐减小。川滇菱形块体中内部出现了广泛的地壳增厚现象,并可能一直延伸至菱形块体的最南端。丽江-小金河断裂带在重力场特征上表现为龙门山断裂带向西南的延伸,其东侧主体构造走向等特征与扬子地块一致,推测丽江-小金河断裂带与龙门山断裂、红河断裂带一起构成了扬子地块的西边界。滇西地区布格重力一阶导数与现今地壳变形格局总体一致,主体构造方向为北北西-近南北向,代表了“新”构造主体构造线的方向;上延至45km后,主体构造上转变为以近东西向为主。 相似文献
15.
D TWINKLE G SRINIVASA RAO M RADHAKRISHNA K S R MURTHY 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(2):329-342
The Cauvery–Palar basin is a major peri-cratonic rift basin located along the Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) that had formed during the rift-drift events associated with the breakup of eastern Gondwanaland (mainly India–Sri Lanka–East Antarctica). In the present study, we carry out an integrated analysis of the potential field data across the basin to understand the crustal structure and the associated rift tectonics. The composite-magnetic anomaly map of the basin clearly shows the onshore-to-offshore structural continuity, and presence of several high-low trends related to either intrusive rocks or the faults. The Curie depth estimated from the spectral analysis of offshore magnetic anomaly data gave rise to 23 km in the offshore Cauvery–Palar basin. The 2D gravity and magnetic crustal models indicate several crustal blocks separated by major structures or faults, and the rift-related volcanic intrusive rocks that characterize the basin. The crustal models further reveal that the crust below southeast Indian shield margin is ～36 km thick and thins down to as much as 13–16 km in the Ocean Continent Transition (OCT) region and increases to around 19–21 km towards deep oceanic areas of the basin. The faulted Moho geometry with maximum stretching in the Cauvery basin indicates shearing or low angle rifting at the time of breakup between India–Sri Lanka and the East Antarctica. However, the additional stretching observed in the Cauvery basin region could be ascribed to the subsequent rifting of Sri Lanka from India. The abnormal thinning of crust at the OCT is interpreted as the probable zone of emplaced Proto-Oceanic Crust (POC) rocks during the breakup. The derived crustal structure along with other geophysical data further reiterates sheared nature of the southern part of the ECMI. 相似文献
16.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT ZONE AND UPLIFT OF THE ALTYN MOUNTAIN, NORTHERN TIBET 相似文献
17.
R. A. Schweickert M. M. Lahren K. D. Smith J. F. Howle G. Ichinose 《Tectonophysics》2004,392(1-4):303
Dextral transtensional deformation is occurring along the Sierra Nevada–Great Basin boundary zone (SNGBBZ) at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada microplate. In the Lake Tahoe region of the SNGBBZ, transtension is partitioned spatially and temporally into domains of north–south striking normal faults and transitional domains with conjugate strike-slip faults. The normal fault domains, which have had large Holocene earthquakes but account only for background seismicity in the historic period, primarily accommodate east–west extension, while the transitional domains, which have had moderate Holocene and historic earthquakes and are currently seismically active, primarily record north–south shortening. Through partitioned slip, the upper crust in this region undergoes overall constrictional strain.Major fault zones within the Lake Tahoe basin include two normal fault zones: the northwest-trending Tahoe–Sierra frontal fault zone (TSFFZ) and the north-trending West Tahoe–Dollar Point fault zone. Most faults in these zones show eastside down displacements. Both of these fault zones show evidence of Holocene earthquakes but are relatively quiet seismically through the historic record. The northeast-trending North Tahoe–Incline Village fault zone is a major normal to sinistral-oblique fault zone. This fault zone shows evidence for large Holocene earthquakes and based on the historic record is seismically active at the microearthquake level. The zone forms the boundary between the Lake Tahoe normal fault domain to the south and the Truckee transition zone to the north.Several lines of evidence, including both geology and historic seismicity, indicate that the seismically active Truckee and Gardnerville transition zones, north and southeast of Lake Tahoe basin, respectively, are undergoing north–south shortening. In addition, the central Carson Range, a major north-trending range block between two large normal fault zones, shows internal fault patterns that suggest the range is undergoing north–south shortening in addition to east–west extension.A model capable of explaining the spatial and temporal partitioning of slip suggests that seismic behavior in the region alternates between two modes, one mode characterized by an east–west minimum principal stress and a north–south maximum principal stress as at present. In this mode, seismicity and small-scale faulting reflecting north–south shortening concentrate in mechanically weak transition zones with primarily strike-slip faulting in relatively small-magnitude events, and domains with major normal faults are relatively quiet. A second mode occurs after sufficient north–south shortening reduces the north–south Shmax in magnitude until it is less than Sv, at which point Sv becomes the maximum principal stress. This second mode is then characterized by large earthquakes on major normal faults in the large normal fault domains, which dominate the overall moment release in the region, producing significant east–west extension. 相似文献
18.
In 1973 detailed seismic crustal studies were performed across the prominent fault zone between the Hercynian fold systems of the Rhenish Slate Mountains (western part of Rhenoherzynikum) and the Saar-Nahe trough. Reflection data show a zone of strongly dipping reflectors, separated from another area with nearly horizontal layering. Data from refraction stations confirm the picture of a fault zone cutting two old crustal blocks down to the Moho. A similar but smaller survey was performed in 1975 across the western Rhine graben fault near Landau. This fault is tensionsal and could not be observed with the same certainty and up to the same depth range as the former one. Apparently, its dip near the surface is smaller than anticipated and may even assume still smaller values at intermediate crustal depths. Moreover, high temperatures in this area tend to limit the maximum depth of the fault zone, in accordance with the concept of a direct relationship between the depths of seismicity along faults and the temperature—viscosity regime. The area between the two reflection surveys was studied by refraction observations, making use of the shots of the reflection work. In general, the reflection investigations are well able to reveal the geometry and the maximum depth of fault zones and show many structural details, while the supplementing refraction work determines the overall velocity depth relation and may follow important horizons. 相似文献
19.
基于长江经济带地区活动断裂资料的收集整理和总结,结合新的遥感解译与地表调查结果,初步归纳了该区的活动构造基本特征,梳理出直接或间接威胁重要城市群、国家级新区和区域重要交通过江通道地壳稳定性的主要活动断裂及应对建议或对策,并进一步重点指出长江中下游成都-上海沿江地区的32条重要活动断裂带及其穿越或影响到的主要城市群和重大工程。在活动断裂梳理结果基础上,总结提出长江经济带西部的强烈地壳变形与地震活动主要由印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞作用下在青藏高原东南缘地区形成的“川滇弧形旋扭活动构造体系”所控制,而中-东部地区属于印度板块与西太平洋板块共同作用下区域性挤压-剪切变形导致的具有共轭走滑断裂系统特征的“棋盘格子式”活动构造体系格局,其中需要特别关注7条典型活动断裂带的活动性及其对城市群地壳稳定性的影响。根据区域的活动构造体系、活动断裂与历史地震活动性等特点,初步归纳了该区的未来地震危险性问题及应重点关注的潜在强震危险区段,指出了典型的区域古地震地质遗迹特征及开展古地震调查研究的重要性。同时,依据长江经济带地区初步的区域地壳稳定性评价结果,认为次不稳定区和不稳定区主要集中在西部地区,而中-东部地区以次稳定区与相对稳定区为主,仅郯庐断裂带及其周边存在较明显的次不稳定区。最后,指出了长江经济带活动构造与区域地壳稳定性调查评价工作在活动断裂地质调查研究和城市活断层鉴别与地震危险性评价中面临的主要问题与挑战。 相似文献
20.
珠江口盆地番禺隆起东南缘断裂坡折带及其对低位域构造—岩性油气藏的控制作用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
番禺隆起是珠江口盆地中南部的一个重要含油气区。区内新近系沉积期主要发育NW向和近EW向的同沉积断裂, 它们的发育和分布控制着沉积充填和总体的古构造地貌特征。古隆起的东南和东北缘发育的主要同沉积断裂形成明显的古地貌突变带或断裂坡折带。东南缘的主控断裂是由裂陷期发育的缓坡反向断裂所形成的, 构成了番禺隆起与白云深凹带的分界。地震相、地震属性等分析和追踪其分布范围揭示出, 珠海组、珠江组中下部层序的低位域三角洲砂体沿断裂坡折带下斜坡呈裙带状分布。研究指出断裂坡折带下斜坡低位域具有形成构造—岩性油气藏的良好条件, 并为该区近期的勘探突破提供了重要依据 相似文献