共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
通过动力学和等温吸附实验,研究了不同初始氨氮浓度下水溶铵、交换铵和固定铵在中砂上的吸附规律。结果表明,吸附平衡时各种形态铵含量随初始氨氮浓度增加而增大。3种形态铵吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程。吸附速率常数K大小顺序为：固定铵〉交换铵〉水溶铵,初始速率：固定铵〈交换铵〈水溶铵。随着初始氨氮浓度的增加,水溶铵占总铵的比重由40%上升到65%,其吸附的主要限制步骤为颗粒间扩散。交换铵对总铵的贡献率维持在25%左右,吸附饱和后有所降低,初始氨氮浓度为交换铵吸附的主要限制步骤。固定铵达到饱和时,吸附量只有26.18 mg/kg,对总铵的贡献率由33%下降到9%。 相似文献
2.
潮白河受水区再生水入渗盐污染模拟柱试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据工程地质勘察及采样测试分析,选取北京市顺义潮白河再生水受水区3种典型代表性土壤介质(砾石含砂、细砂、粉质粘土)装柱,并采用受水区再生水进行淋溶模拟土柱试验。测试结果分析表明,在3种典型土壤介质中,阳离子交换吸附作用主要体现为K+与Ca2+之间的交换,且粉质粘土柱中阳离子的离子交换作用较砾石含砂柱和细砂柱更为显著。另外,试验结果还表明,随着土壤介质中粘粒含量、总有机碳含量、阳离子交换容量和粘土矿物总量的增加,典型介质淋溶模拟土柱试验中阳离子交换作用达到平衡时所需要的时间也就越长,分别为砾石含砂72 d、细砂80 d和粉质粘土86 d。定量结果计算也证明：粉质粘土介质的各阴、阳离子本底含量最高,单位质量粉质粘土介质硬度及溶解性总固体(TDS)的贡献量最大,分别为5 767 mg/g和6 952 mg/g。 相似文献
3.
滨海地区不同质地土壤对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的吸附作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨粉砂、粉质粘土、粉土对垃圾渗滤液中NH4+-N的吸附作用,在室内做了吸附实验,实验结果表明,三种土样吸附NH4+-N的等温吸附曲线均符合Langmuir模式,且最大吸附量分别为粉砂1.3 034 ms/g,粉质粘土1.109 mg/g,粉土0.3 439 mS/S.不同土样吸附NH4+-N的能力差异较大,三种土样的吸附顺序为:粉砂>粉质粘土>粉土;三种土样的迟滞因子分别为粉砂27.939,粉质粘土21.782,粉土18.257,说明粉砂和粉质粘土的防污能力较粉土强. 相似文献
4.
元素活动态测量技术在勘查层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿中的应用—以新疆准噶尔盆地北部顶山地区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准噶尔盆地北部顶山地区粘土交换吸附相的铀，钼，硒活动态测量的结果表明：在0号勘探线ZK0012孔－ZK0016孔附近地段，存在明显的铀，钼活动态含量异常，据此可以预测该地段深部可能存砂隐伏的层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿体，铀矿体的走向为NW－SE向。 相似文献
5.
蒙脱石/烷基铵改性产物是一种重要的高附加值矿物材料,蒙脱石对烷基铵的吸附特性决定所制备的改性产物在各类溶剂体系中的凝胶性能和应用特性。本文以两种层电荷不同的膨润土为原料,在提纯、钠化的基础上,系统研究了80℃恒温条件下十八烷基三甲基铵(OTAC)、十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAC)及十四烷基三甲基铵(TTAC)在两种蒙脱石上的吸附动力学特性。研究结果表明:80℃的恒温条件下,烷基铵插层剂的浓度对等温吸附进程影响显著。当三种烷基铵用量较低(1.0CEC)时,在5min左右就可以达到饱和吸附;当烷基铵用量较高(2.0CEC)时,在30min~60min可以达到饱和吸附;两种蒙脱石对三种烷基铵吸附动力学数据均符合准二级反应动力学方程,相应三种烷基铵在两种蒙脱石中平衡吸附量的实验值和计算值qe基本相等;交换液中烷基铵浓度高低对吸附反应的速率常数影响显著,烷基铵在低用量(1.0CEC)下在蒙脱石中的吸附反应速率常数明显高于其在较高用量(2.0CEC)下的吸附反应常数;烷基铵在高层电荷Na-HLCM中的吸附反应速率常数总体上较低层电荷Na-HLCM的略高。 相似文献
6.
蒙脱石/烷基铵改性产物是一种重要的高附加值矿物材料,蒙脱石对烷基铵的吸附特性决定所制备的改性产物在各类溶剂体系中的凝胶性能和应用特性。本文以两种层电荷不同的膨润土为原料,在提纯、钠化的基础上,系统研究了80℃恒温条件下十八烷基三甲基铵(OTAC)、十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAC)及十四烷基三甲基铵(TTAC)在两种蒙脱石上的吸附动力学特性。研究结果表明:80℃的恒温条件下,烷基铵插层剂的浓度对等温吸附进程影响显著。当三种烷基铵用量较低(1.0CEC)时,在5min左右就可以达到饱和吸附;当烷基铵用量较高(2.0CEC)时,在30min^60min可以达到饱和吸附;两种蒙脱石对三种烷基铵吸附动力学数据均符合准二级反应动力学方程,相应三种烷基铵在两种蒙脱石中平衡吸附量的实验值和计算值qe基本相等;交换液中烷基铵浓度高低对吸附反应的速率常数影响显著,烷基铵在低用量(1.0CEC)下在蒙脱石中的吸附反应速率常数明显高于其在较高用量(2.0CEC)下的吸附反应常数;烷基铵在高层电荷Na-HLCM中的吸附反应速率常数总体上较低层电荷Na-HLCM的略高。 相似文献
7.
镍钛改性膨润土对铬的吸附性能研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以钠基膨润土为原料,制备镍钛交联改性膨润土、镍钛有机复合改性膨润土,并应用于含铬模拟废水的处理。探讨了改性膨润土的用量、pH值、吸附时间等最佳使用条件,比较了原土、交联改性土、有机复合改性土对铬的吸附效果。结果表明改性土的吸附效果明显优于原土,在最佳实验条件下,交联改性土、有机复合改性土对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率分别达到了87%和96%。两种改性土对铬吸附行为均符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,饱和吸附量和Lang-muir常数分别为3.1827mg/g、8.5543mg/g和3.5007、1.2738。 相似文献
8.
地下水中高浓度的铵态氮对生活饮用水安全及生态环境存在潜在威胁。相比较硝态氮，高浓度的铵态氮不仅有各种人为来源，天然沉积环境更是造成高铵地下水的主要成因。本文以城镇化快速发展的珠江三角洲为研究区，运用数理统计、主成分分析等方法深入探讨了研究区高铵地下水的赋存环境特征及驱动因素。结果表明，研究区地下水中NH4+质量浓度介于未检出~180 mg/L。研究区1539组地下水样品中，NH4+质量浓度大于10 mg/L的高铵地下水69组，其中含NH4+质量浓度大于30 mg/L的高铵"肥水"23组。对比2005-2008年历史水化学数据，2009-2018年新增建设用地孔隙含水层高铵地下水样品比例增加25%。高铵地下水呈斑块状分布于三角洲平原区第四系底部低洼的基底、洼地等退积层序发育的淤泥质含水层中。淤泥层等富含有机质和总有机碳的沉积层是珠江三角洲地区的"生铵层"，有机氮的矿化是三角洲平原区城市化孔隙含水层中高铵地下水的主要驱动力。城镇化扩张引起生活污水及富铵工业废水的泄漏入渗是城乡结合部高铵地下水铵氮的重要来源。三角洲平原区中性至弱碱性富含有机质的还原环境是高铵地下水的主要成因。风化溶滤、阳离子交换吸附、海陆交互作用是珠江三角洲高铵地下水质演变的主要水文地球化学过程。 相似文献
9.
对采自新疆尉犁蛭石矿的工业蛭石样品进行了矿物学、铵饱和吸附和吸附重金属离子Cu2 、Pb2 和Zn2 的试验研究。在工业蛭石样品矿物学特征研究基础上,研究了样品铵饱和吸附量和影响工业蛭石样品对Cu2 、Pb2 和Zn2 吸附的因素。结果表明,样品对铵的饱和吸附量可达56.02~98.42mmol/100g;对重金属离子的吸附,在30~60min内吸附达到平衡,溶液的pH值和浓度对样品的吸附量也具有重要的影响。工业蛭石对不同重金属离子的吸附能力在低浓度溶液中几乎是相同的,但在高浓度溶液中的吸附能力顺序大小为:Zn2 >Cu2 >Pb2 。研究结果对于工业蛭石用于处理… 相似文献
10.
坡缕石粘土对Cu2+的吸附热力学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将坡缕石粘土分离提纯后作为吸附剂,通过对水中Cu2+的静态吸附实验,考察了时间及介质pH值对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附平衡和吸附热力学特征进行了探讨。结果表明:在实验条件下坡缕石粘土对水中的Cu2+离子具有较强的吸附作用,吸附平衡时间约为60 min,pH值对吸附效果有显著的影响,吸附量随pH值的升高而增加,当平衡溶液pH>7时吸附率超过99%;吸附平衡与Langmuir方程的符合程度优于D-R方程和Freundlich方程,由Langmuir方程拟合饱和吸附量为33.0～34.0 mg/g,由D-R方程得平均吸附能Es为13 kJ/mol,吸附过程为离子交换反应;吸附过程吸热,吸附焓为16.97 kJ/mol,吸附Gibbs函数在-27～-24 kJ/mol之间,吸附熵大于零,吸附过程可自发进行。 相似文献
11.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(1):123-133
The use of the organoarsenical roxarsone, added to poultry feed to increase weight gain, results in elevated As concentrations (10–50 mg/kg) in poultry litter. This litter is used extensively as fertilizer in agricultural regions. The authors investigated the sources and sinks of As within the vadose zone of an agricultural watershed in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, USA, an area of intense poultry production. Batch experiments were constructed to examine adsorption and biotransformation characteristics of roxarsone within the Ap and Bt soil horizons of Frederick series soils, common in the Shenandoah Valley. Roxarsone exhibits weak adsorption to the Ap soils; however, it is rapidly biotransformed to As(V) in this soil horizon. Although the Bt horizon demonstrated strong adsorption of roxarsone and thus may act as a sink for As species, soil water data collected from lysimeters at an agricultural field site suggest that As, as As(V), is mobile in the Bt soil water. It is unclear if this mobilization is due to competitive reactions with phosphate or organic acids, also present in litter. These results have implications for As cycling within poultry-dominated watersheds. For watersheds that have experienced years of litter application, As and other litter-associated species will be attenuated in soils through adsorption to mineral surfaces, but a variety of geochemical processes, such as competitive adsorption, may allow for enhanced transport of As through the vadose zone and into aquifer systems. 相似文献
12.
包气带介质截留不同龄垃圾渗滤液中的有机污染物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从渗滤液场龄和包气带岩性两方面着手,研究了不同岩性包气带介质对不同场龄渗滤液中有机污染物的截留作用规律。结果表明:新渗滤液经过以细砂、亚粘土为介质的包气带后,细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数分别从0.70%和0.87%增大至0.80%和1.00%以上,而老渗滤液使细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数降至0.70%和0.50%以下。新渗滤液经过包气带后,包气带介质中有机物的含量增大,而老渗滤液使包气带介质中有机物的含量降低,亚粘土较细砂更容易受到渗滤液污染的影响。即渗滤液性质对包气带介质中有机物含量具有方向性的影响作用,而包气带介质亚粘土比细砂更容易放大这种作用效果。 相似文献
13.
14.
Two numerical models, one for the vadose zone and the other for the aquifer system, are utilized to predict nitrate pollution
potential in groundwater. Transport by dispersion and convection of mobile species of nitrogen, ammonium ion exchange, first
order nitrogen transformations, and nitrogen plant uptake are included in the formulation for the vadose zone. Transport of
nitrate in the aquifer is assumed to be affected only by dispersion-convection phenomena. Justifications for one-dimensional
conceptualization of flow in the vadose zone and two-dimensional representation for the aquifer, under various field conditions,
are presented. To illustrate the concept, a simple hypothetical problem is solved. The approach presented here provides an
efficient means of long-term simulation of large-scale field problems. 相似文献
15.
Adsorption behavior of Cr (VI) in vadose zone, which is silty clay and clayey soil, was studied through kinetics experiments, isothermal adsorption experiments under various conditions, including different ph, temperature and organic contents. The results from kinetics experiments showed that the sorption progress of Cr (VI) has clear features in different stages, and adsorption equilibrium showed at 30 min, the adsorption rate of silty clay and clayey soil were 60%. The isothermal adsorption curve of Cr (VI) fitted closely with Freundlich equation model. When pH is 3-5 a plateau were seen, thereafter with increase in pH the adsorption rate of Cr (VI) dropped sharply and the minimum achieved at pH 10, the adsorption rate were only 35%. Adsorption rate of Cr (VI) increased gradually with the increase of temperature, the temperature of vadose zone is 14.7 ℃, according to the experimental results, the adsorption rate of Cr (VI) is about 40%. The use of organics represents an important contribution to the sorption of Cr (VI), sorption rate up to 100% when 30% of organic content. These studies will provide basis for manager to minimize the impacts, and provide basic data for pollution prevention and remediation of vadose zone. 相似文献
16.
1,2-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氯丙烷在某污染场地包气带的吸附-解吸特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCA)和1,2-二氯丙烷(1,2-DCP)是某污染场地地下水中检出最高的挥发性有机污染物。文中采用批试验方法,研究污染场地包气带中三种不同深度土壤样品对1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP的吸附-解吸特性。结果表明:土壤中有机质决定其吸附行为,三种土壤对1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP的吸附符合Henry线性等温方程,分配系数在20.49～22.43L.kg-1,1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP在三种土壤中分别具有相似的吸附能力;同一土壤中两种目标污染物的吸附能力为Kd(1,2-DCA)>Kd(1,2-DCP),但差别不大。1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP在三种土壤中的解吸可用Freundlich等温方程拟合,解吸的难易程度与土壤中黏粒含量相关,黏粒含量越高,目标污染物的解吸越困难,第三层(地下4.9～5.1m)土壤的防污能力较强;两种污染物在三种土壤中的解吸都存在明显的滞后效应,1,2-DCP的滞后指数比1,2-DCA的大。 相似文献
17.
Thermodynamic transport mechanism of water freezing-thawing in the vadose zone in the alpine meadow of the Tibet Plateau 
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下载免费PDF全文 High altitude, cold and dry climate, strong solar radiation, and high evapotranspiration intensity have created an extremely fragile ecological and geological environment on the Tibet Plateau. Since the heat in the vadose zone is primarily generated by the external solar radiation energy, and evapotranspiration is contingent on the consumption of vadose heat, the intensity of evapotranspiration is associated with the intensity of solar radiation and the heat budget in the vadose zone. However, the spatial and temporal variation of heat budget and thermodynamic transfer process of the vadose zone in the frigid region are not clear, which hinders the revelation of the dynamic mechanism of evapotranspiration in the vadose zone in the frigid region. With the moisture content of the vadose zone in the alpine regions being the research object, the paper conducts in-situ geothermal observation tests, takes meteorological characteristics into consideration, and adopts the method of geothermal gradient and numerical computation to analyse the temporal and spatial variation rule of heat budget and thermodynamic transmission process of the vadose zone in the high and cold regions. The results show there is a positive correlation between air temperature, ground temperature, and water content of the vadose zone in both thawing and freezing periods. According to the change law of geothermal gradient, the thermodynamic transfer process of the vadose zone has four stages: slow exothermic heating, fast endothermic melting, slow endothermic cooling, and fast exothermic freezing. From the surface down, the moisture freezing rate of the vadose zone is slightly higher than the melting rate. This is of great significance for understanding the evapotranspiration dynamic process of the vadose zone and protecting and rebuilding the ecological and geological environment in the high and cold regions. 相似文献
18.
卫河是海河流域污染最严重的河流之一,该河如何影响附近浅层地下水的水质是长期受到重视但缺乏定量研究的关键问题。为探讨这一问题,利用Hydrus 2d模型模拟河流非饱和带氮素的迁移转化,以GMS软件中的RT3D模块模拟氮素在饱和含水层中的运移,将包气带底部淋滤出的污染物浓度定为饱和带溶质运移模型的上边界条件,首次实现了河流非饱和带饱和含水层氮素运移的联合模拟,得到河流线状污染源对浅层地下水的影响程度及范围。研究结果表明：由于吸附作用、硝化反硝化作用的存在,从河流上游到下游,包气带厚度加大,运移至含水层中的NH4-N、NO2-N浓度呈下降趋势,而NO3-N浓度则呈上升趋势。随着入渗时间的增长,进入饱和含水层中的NH4-N、NO2-N、NO3-N的浓度逐渐升高并最终保持稳定。污染的河流对浅层地下水的影响呈带状分布,污染物随入渗水流在包气带中垂直入渗;在饱和含水层中以水平运移为主,污染羽偏向地下水流动的方向,其影响距离不超过500 m。 相似文献
19.
Karst aquifers are very vulnerable to various pollution sources. Among these, landfills can contribute contaminants over long periods. Groundwater quality monitoring is required to assess the impact of a landfill leachate on underlying aquifer water or spring discharge. Tracer tests are useful for selecting the location and frequency of sampling. Three landfill sites in karst areas were studied with tracer tests. Additional insight was accomplished by the comparison of the tracer transfer and the breakthrough curves obtained from these tests with the results of two other tracer tests carried out in the same period in karst areas without a landfill. To explain the differences observed, the hypothesis of increased permeability below the landfill due to the presence of inorganic acids in leachates was further tested. The results of detailed, long-term monitoring of contaminated drip water in the Postojna Cave were used to verify the hypothesis. The analysis of the simultaneously increased content of calcium, magnesium, and contaminants in the drip water indicates a direct correlation between limestone dissolution and contaminants. Increased dissolution increases secondary porosity and thus permeability of the vadose zone resulting in higher vulnerability of underlying aquifers and springs in the vicinity landfills. 相似文献