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1.
沉积变质型铁矿成矿条件及富铁矿形成机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国铁矿床类型有沉积变质型、岩浆型、接触交代 热液型(矽卡岩型)、火山岩型、沉积型和风化淋滤型6种,以沉积变质型最为重要。我国的沉积变质型铁矿床主要分布于华北克拉通,以鞍山式铁矿为代表,沉积时代为新太古代末,为阿尔果马型条带状铁建造 (BIF)变质而成;吕梁地区的袁家村式铁矿为苏比利尔型BIF变质而成,BIF沉积时代为2. 384~2. 210 Ga或新太古代末;舞阳、霍邱地区的沉积变质型铁矿可能为苏比利尔型BIF变质产物,BIF沉积时代分别为2. 473~2. 468 Ga、＜2. 54 Ga。BIF的形成与缺氧环境向大氧化事件初期的层化海洋环境过渡有关,海水中巨量溶解的铁质部分氧化,在初始层化海洋氧化还原界面附近的浅海环境以胶体形式沉淀。我国的BIF遭受区域变质变形作用,成为条带状磁铁石英岩,作为沉积变质型铁矿开发利用。BIF经历后期流体改造可形成富铁矿,形成机制有“去硅富铁”、“铁质活化再富集”和“去碳酸盐富铁”3种,弓长岭富铁矿的成矿年龄为1. 85 Ga左右,由BIF“去硅富铁”而成;齐大山富铁矿可能形成于2. 5 Ga,由BIF“铁质活化再富集”而成;袁家村富铁矿形成于1. 41~1. 34 Ga,可能由含碳酸盐的BIF“去碳酸盐富铁”而成。 相似文献
2.
《中国地质》2021,(2)
江西省宁都某地新元古代浅变质岩风化壳中赋存离子吸附型稀土矿,文章对某矿区内原定青白口纪库里组的2件变质沉凝灰岩样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,获得了88组和110组谐和年龄。2件样品的碎屑锆石年龄区间相似,主要分布在:810～780 Ma,峰值年龄为798 Ma(n=55);748～727 Ma,峰值年龄为737 Ma(n=127);691～667 Ma,峰值年龄为680 Ma(n=6),此外还有少量的年龄分布在2.85～1.08 Ga。认为,变质沉凝灰岩样品的沉积时代可能为南华纪,地层应归属为上施组;物源可能来自江南造山带东段(赣东北—皖南—浙西)青白口纪晚期—南华纪的火山-沉积岩;赣南区域上同时期的巨厚海相火山-碎屑沉积可能形成于华南古大陆裂解之后的裂谷盆地,赣南次级裂谷盆地的沉积时限为810～727 Ma。 相似文献
3.
辽宁鞍本地区铁质活化再富集成因富铁矿的成矿时代——齐大山铁矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国与早前寒武纪条带状铁建造有关的磁铁富矿集中分布在辽宁鞍本地区,主要由条带状铁建造经过后期热液改造而成,有去硅富铁和铁质活化再富集2种成因,前者以弓长岭铁矿床二矿区的富铁矿为代表,富铁矿的成矿时代为1.84 Ga左右;后者以齐大山铁矿床樱桃园矿区的富铁矿(樱桃园富铁矿)为代表,但是该富铁矿的成矿时代还不清楚。为了探讨铁质活化再富集型富铁矿的成矿时代,笔者对齐大山铁矿区的辉钼矿进行Re-Os同位素测年。该矿区的辉钼矿有3种产出方式:第一种产于花岗伟晶岩中,呈巨晶辉钼矿集合体;第二种为蚀变岩中石英透镜体边部薄膜状辉钼矿;第三种产于混合花岗岩中的石英脉中,呈浸染状产出。第一种辉钼矿的年龄(2503±33)Ma~(2538±36)Ma,代表了条带状铁建造铁质活化再富集形成富铁矿的主要时期,形成于2.5 Ga左右的华北克拉通发生岩浆、变质作用与克拉通化时期,钼来自地壳,佐证了新太古代末华北克拉通的第一次克拉通化主要是壳内物质的重组;第二种辉钼矿的年龄为(2088±28)Ma,其成矿物质来自地壳,佐证了华北克拉通2.3~1.95 Ga的裂谷-俯冲-增生-碰撞的陆内造山事件也主要是壳内物质的重组;第三种辉钼矿的年龄为(1834±28)Ma~(1853±29)Ma,与弓长岭二矿区"去硅富铁"型富铁矿的成矿时代一致,其成矿物质来自地壳,但混有地幔组分,佐证了1.85~1.65 Ga的华北克拉通基底抬升、镁铁质岩墙群侵入、裂陷槽和裂谷形成有地幔物质的参与。 相似文献
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胶东金矿成矿时代及区域地壳演化——基性脉岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
关于胶东金矿的成矿时代前人已进行了较多研究,但其成矿时限尚没有准确确定。对胶东焦家金矿床成矿前和成矿后的2个基性脉岩进行了锆石SHRIMP年龄测定和锆石氧同位素分析。锆石阴极发光图像显示,样品中有少量岩浆新生锆石,其晶形、环带清晰。在2个成矿前脉岩样品中测得岩浆锆石206Pb/238U年龄最小值为124.9±1.8Ma和124.2±1.1Ma,1个成矿后脉岩样品中测得最小年龄值为112.2±0.7Ma。故成矿前脉岩的侵位年龄小于等于124.9Ma和小于等于124.2Ma,成矿后脉岩的侵位年龄小于等于112.2Ma,金矿的成矿年龄被限制在124~112Ma之间。此外,较多的锆石年龄数据记录了早侏罗世、三叠纪、古生代、新元古代、中元古代和新太古代的岩浆事件和变质事件,指示胶北隆起深部既有华北克拉通新太古代、中元古代和新元古代的地质体或地质事件,也有苏鲁造山带古生代和三叠纪的地质体或地质事件,苏鲁超高压变质带曾俯冲到胶北隆起之下。锆石氧同位素组成变化范围较大,δ18O值为3.86‰~11.37‰,指示了不同时代锆石氧同位素组成的不均一性和物质来源的差异性。 相似文献
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海南石碌矿床是以富铁矿为主,并伴生有钴铜等矿产的著名大型矿集区。通过对该矿床控矿地质条件的再认识,并对其成矿物质来源、岩浆活动与成矿的关系、成矿时代进行了讨论,认为铁钴铜等物质来源很可能来自原始火山沉积地层石碌群中,后期区域变质作用和岩浆活动对其形成起重要的改造富集作用,初步定义其为火山-沉积变质+多期热液叠加改造型矿床。该矿床成矿模式概括为:1)新元古代海底火山喷流沉积期,奠定了铁钴铜等成矿物质的基础;2)加里东—海西期的变质改造成矿期,形成了沉积变质型贫矿体;3)印支—燕山早期热液叠加改造富化期,石碌矿床发生了重要的改造富集作用,形成了富铁矿体;4)燕山晚期热液叠加改造富化期,对原来矿体进行改造富集,并形成了脉状、角砾状铁矿体及伴生的铜钴矿体。 相似文献
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分布于龙门山逆冲推覆带内的黄水河群夹片,为一套典型的浅变质(绿片岩)岩系,局部变质程度可达低角闪岩相,其中火山岩广泛发育.本文在野外地质调查基础之上,结合岩石学、岩相学分析,对干河坝组中采集的玄武岩锆石进行SHRIMP U-Pb测年,获得(799±8)Ma和(875±12)Ma两个206pb/238U加权平均年龄值,前者为玄武岩结晶(成岩)年龄,表明该玄武岩形成于新元古代中期,后者为捕获锆石年龄信息,代表晋宁运动的一次构造岩浆事件.结合区域上的成果资料,认为黄水河群与盐井群、苏雄组为晚青白口纪同时代沉积的地层. 相似文献
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弓长岭铁矿二矿区蚀变岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地质意义 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
国外的富铁矿(TFe含量超过50%)主要来自长期稳定的古老克拉通上早前寒武纪铁建造(BIF)经过后期风化淋滤作用形成的赤铁矿石。虽然我国的华北克拉通等古老地块也发育早前寒武纪BIF,并经历了强烈的变质变形改造,但是由于地块活动性强导致缺乏充分风化淋滤作用的条件,因而赤铁富矿很少,铁矿石以TFe含量30%左右的沉积变质型磁铁贫矿为主。辽宁弓长岭铁矿床位于华北克拉通东北部,是一个大型沉积变质型铁矿床,总体以磁铁矿贫矿石为主,但其二矿区的磁铁富矿(TFe含量大于50%)达大型规模,是我国唯一的大型沉积变质型磁铁富矿。弓长岭二矿区富铁矿是条带状铁建造沉积后受后期叠加改造作用形成的,富矿体成矿时发生了强烈的围岩蚀变,形成以石榴石和镁铁闪石为特征矿物的蚀变岩,这种富含石榴石的蚀变岩在区域上乃至全国的沉积变质型磁铁矿矿床中都是独一无二的,表明其与磁铁矿富矿有密切的成因联系。该蚀变岩中与镁铁闪石、绿泥石、石英、钛铁矿共生有热液锆石。本文从该蚀变岩中分选出了锆石,锆石呈他形至半自形粒状,在阴极发光(CL)图像上呈多孔状、斑块状、补丁状,明暗极不均匀,可见不明显的环带;锆石内包体在背散射图像上呈暗色,长条状或片状自形晶,主要由MgO、FeO、SiO2、Al2O3组成,为绿泥石、铝直闪石和镁铁闪石;锆石LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析表明,Hf含量为10672×10-6~11822×10-6,Y为12.58×10-6~19.41×10-6,Th为0.32×10-6~1.48×10-6,U为425×10-6~663×10-6,Th/U为0.001~0.003,Ti为1.63×10-6~3.7×10-6,∑REE为10.37×10-6~20.15×10-6,球粒陨石标准化的稀土配分曲线上轻稀土强烈亏损,中、重稀土富集,重稀土较平坦,有弱的铕正异常,这些特点表明该锆石为与蚀变岩和富铁矿同时形成的热液成因锆石。利用SHRIMP U-Pb定年方法对该热液锆石进行了年龄测定,获得的上交点年龄为1850±16Ma,MSWD=2.1;10个测点加权平均年龄为1840±7Ma,MSWD=1.6。该年龄代表了富含石榴石的蚀变岩的成岩年龄,因而也可能代表了富铁矿石的形成年龄,因此推测磁铁富铁矿的形成是条带状磁铁石英岩在1.9~1.8Ga时华北克拉通基底隆升与裂谷-非造山岩浆事件所产生的热液交代作用的结果。 相似文献
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东昆仑东段巴隆地区变复成分砾岩层锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东昆仑东段巴隆地区哈图沟出露一套变质—变形的沉积地层,其北部为变复成分砾岩段、南部为变细碎屑岩段。根据变复成分砾岩段砾石成分统计、砾石的分选系数(1.24~1.42)及砾石的砾度等粒性特征得出该套变复成分砾岩地层为近源快速堆积的产物。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb微区测年技术,对变复成分砾岩段绢云钠长石英片岩的碎屑锆石进行U-Pb同位素测年,测试结果表明,碎屑锆石年龄谱可明显划分为6组:1南华纪—震旦纪年龄组,751~602Ma,峰值为674Ma,该组锆石年龄与东昆仑造山带新元古代中—晚期岩浆事件的年龄相对应,并且与Rodinia超大陆裂解事件相关,该组锆石中最小的年龄为602Ma,表明沉积地层形成时代应晚于602Ma;2中元古代晚期—新元古代中期年龄组,1146~783Ma,出现三个峰值,分别为788Ma、947Ma和1115Ma,该组锆石年龄与东昆仑造山带中元古代晚期—新元古代中期岩浆事件大致相对应,代表东昆仑地区响应了全球尺度的Rodinia超大陆的汇聚事件,且证实了柴达木—祁连—东昆仑等地(陆)块前寒武纪的演化特点与塔里木及扬子克拉通非常相似;3中元古代晚期年龄组,1399~1180Ma,峰值为1318Ma,该组锆石年龄可能与东昆仑构造带中元古代晚期岩浆事件相关;4中元古代早期年龄组,1712~1553Ma,峰值为1556Ma,该年龄谱段代表了源区在中元古代早期存在着一期热事件;5新太古代晚期—古元古代早期年龄组,2530~2347Ma,峰值为2518Ma,该组锆石年龄与东昆仑造山带内新太古代晚期—古元古代早期岩浆事件年龄大致相对应,表明东昆仑造山带新太古代晚期—古元古代早期岩浆物质也为哈图沟变质地层提供了物源;6太古宙年龄组,3230~2763Ma,表明变复成分砾岩的物源区可能存在古太古代陆核。通过对变质岩系的碎屑锆石年龄和物源特征的分析研究,认为这套变质的沉积地层并非前人所划归的泥盆系牦牛山组,其形成时代应归属于晚震旦世。砾石成分统计和年代学测试结果表明,巴隆地区哈图沟变复成分砾岩层物质主要来源于东昆仑造山带的前寒武纪白沙河岩组、小庙岩组、万宝沟岩群等变质地层和中、新元古代深变质的花岗质片麻岩等。 相似文献
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鞍山陈台沟BIF铁矿与太古代地壳增生：锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素约束 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
新发现的陈台沟隐伏铁矿床位于辽宁鞍山附近,矿石类型以条带状铁矿石为主,铁矿层顶板围岩为绿泥石英片岩,底板围岩为黑云石英片岩.元素地球化学分析表明,铁矿石及磁铁矿单矿物均富集重稀土,具La、Eu及Y正异常,无明显Ce负异常,反映成矿物质来源于海底高温热液(约占0.1％)与海水的混合溶液,且BIF沉积时海水处于缺氧环境.标型组分分析显示铁矿石及磁铁矿属于沉积变质型或BIF型.原岩恢复表明,绿泥石英片岩原岩为酸性火山岩,黑云石英片岩原岩为泥砂质岩石,二者皆富集Rb、Th、U、LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti.构造背景分析表明两类片岩的原岩均形成于岛弧背景,反映了陈台沟BIF沉积时的构造环境.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示铁矿体夹层绿泥石英片岩中岩浆锆石形成于2551±10Ma,代表陈台沟BIF形成时代;变质锆石形成于2469±23Ma,代表后期变质作用时代.Hf同位素分析显示大多数锆石具有正的εHf(t)值(-2.23 ～7.54),表明岩浆源区以亏损地幔物质为主,但明显受到古老地壳物质的混染;二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)主要介于3133～ 2580Ma之间.结合其他矿区Hf同位素资料,指示鞍本地区可能存在新太古代(～2.55Ga)地壳增生事件.综合分析认为,陈台沟铁矿属Algoma型BIF,是新太古代末华北克拉通大规模BIF成矿事件的代表之一. 相似文献
10.
11.
条带状铁建造(BIF)是3.5~1.8Ga前陆架和洋盆的常见沉积物。前寒武纪条带状铁建造构成了世界上重要的铁矿资源。虽然它们成矿过程及其演化的许多方面的问题仍未解决,但人们普遍认为,它们沉积方式的长期变化与地球的环境和地球化学演化有关。条带状铁建造记录了前寒武纪古海洋、古环境、大气条件和细菌代谢条件以及铁的来源和沉积过程。大型BIF沉积与大火成岩省有成因联系,其铁的来源与火山物质加入的海底热液体系有关,或有陆缘岩石风化的无机物产物加入,越靠近陆缘,陆源碎屑物质加入的越多。然而,在太古宙到古元古代期间,BIF沉积的深水盆地中陆源物质的加入很少。那时的铁建造沉积在缺氧的海洋中,通过微生物的光合作用、无氧光合氧化和紫外光线辐射氧化等机制对溶解的二价铁进行氧化,从而形成三价铁氢氧化物和氧化物的沉积。大多数BIF大型矿床,自其在沉积环境中形成以来,它们在从太古宙直至中生代的漫长的地质历史演化过程中经历了铁矿的品位由低到高转化的复杂地质过程,一般经历了深部交代变质作用的除硅、除碳酸岩矿物的富集成矿和浅部风化富集成矿过程。许多BIF铁矿经历了从绿片岩相到角闪岩相变质作用,但到达的压力条件都不是很高,这或许与俯冲的高密度BIF铁矿难以折返的动力学机制有关。迄今为止,变质作用、尤其是高级变质作用对成矿过程的影响研究较少,是今后值得关注的领域。 相似文献
12.
The Neoproterozoic (593–532 Ma) Dahongliutan banded iron formation (BIF), located in the Tianshuihai terrane (Western Kunlun orogenic belt), is hosted in the Tianshuihai Group, a dominantly submarine siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary succession that generally has been metamorphosed to greenschist facies. Iron oxide (hematite), carbonate (siderite, ankerite, dolomite and calcite) and silicate (muscovite) facies are all present within the iron-rich layers. There are three distinctive sedimentary facies BIFs, the oxide, silicate–carbonate–oxide and carbonate (being subdivided into ankerite and siderite facies BIFs) in the Dahongliutan BIF. They demonstrate lateral and vertical zonation from south to north and from bottom to top: the carbonate facies BIF through a majority of the oxide facies BIF into the silicate–carbonate–oxide facies BIF and a small proportion of the oxide facies BIF.The positive correlations between Al2O3 and TiO2, Sc, V, Cr, Rb, Cs, Th and ∑REE (total rare earth element) for various facies of BIFs indicate these chemical sediments incorporate terrigenous detrital components. Low contents of Al2O3 (<3 wt%), TiO2 (<0.15 wt%), ∑REE (5.06–39.6 ppm) and incompatible HFSEs (high field strength elements, e.g., Zr, Hf, Th and Sc) (<10 ppm), and high Fe/Ti ratios (254–4115) for a majority of the oxide and carbonate facies BIFs suggest a small clastic input (<20% clastic materials) admixtured with their original chemical precipitates. The higher abundances of Al2O3 (>3 wt%), TiO2, Zr, Th, Cs, Sc, Cr and ∑REE (31.2–62.9 ppm), and low Fe/Ti ratios (95.2–236) of the silicate–carbonate–oxide facies BIF are consistent with incorporation of higher amounts of clastic components (20%–40% clastic materials). The HREE (heavy rare earth element) enrichment pattern in PAAS-normalized REE diagrams exhibited by a majority of the oxide and carbonate facies BIFs shows a modern seawater REE signature overprinted by high-T (temperature) hydrothermal fluids marked by strong positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu1PAAS = 2.37–5.23). The low Eu/Sm ratios, small positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu1PAAS = 1.10–1.58) and slightly MREE (middle rare earth element) enrichment relative to HREE in the silicate–carbonate–oxide facies BIF and some oxide and carbonate facies BIFs indicate higher contributions from low-T hydrothermal sources. The absence of negative Ce anomalies and the high Fe3+/(Fe3+/Fe2+) ratios (0.98–1.00) for the oxide and silicate–carbonate–oxide BIFs do not support ocean anoxia. The δ13CV-PDB (−4.0‰ to −6.6‰) and δ18OV-PDB (−14.0‰ to −11.5‰) values for siderite and ankerite in the carbonate facies BIF are, on average, ∼6‰ and ∼5‰ lower than those (δ13CV-PDB = −0.8‰ to + 3.1‰ and δ18OV-PDB = −8.2‰ to −6.3‰) of Ca–Mg carbonates from the silicate–carbonate–oxide facies BIF. This feature, coupled with the negative correlations between FeO, Eu/Eu1PAAS and δ13CV-PDB, imply that a water column stratified with regard to the isotopic omposition of total dissolved CO2, with the deeper water, from which the carbonate facies BIF formed, depleted in δ13C that may have been derive from hydrothermal activity.Integration of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data indicates that the silicate–carbonate–oxide facies BIF and part of the oxide facies BIF precipitated in a near-shore, oxic and shallow water environment, whereas a majority of the oxide and carbonate facies BIFs deposited in anoxic but Fe2+-rich deeper waters, closer to submarine hydrothermal vents. High-T hydrothermal solutions, with infusions of some low-T hydrothermal fluids, brought Fe and Si onto a shallow marine, variably mixed with detrital components from seawaters and fresh waters carrying continental landmass and finally led to the alternating deposition of the Dahongliutan BIF during regression–transgression cycles.The Dahongliutan BIF is more akin to Superior-type rather than Algoma-type and Rapitan-type BIF, and constitutes an additional line of evidence for the widespread return of BIFs in the Cryogenian and Ediacaran reflecting the recurrence of anoxic ferruginous deep sea and anoxia/reoxygenation cycles in the Neoproterozoic. In combination with previous studies on other Fe deposits in the Tianshuihai terrane, we propose that a Fe2+-rich anoxic basin or deep sea probably existed from the Neoproterozoic to the Early Cambrian in this area. 相似文献
13.
A. V. Ilyin 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2009,44(1):78-86
Two epochs of the formation of ferruginous quartzites—Archean-Paleoproterozoic (3.2–1.8 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (0.85–0.7 Ga)—are distinguished in the Precambrian. They are incommensurable in scale: the Paleoproterozoic Kursk Group of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) extends over 1500 km, whereas the extension of Neoproterozoic banded iron formations (BIF) beds does not exceed a few tens of kilometers. Their thickness is up to 200 m and not more than 10 m, respectively. The oldest BIFs are located in old platforms, whereas Neoproterozoic BIFs are mainly confined to Phanerozoic orogenic (mobile) zones. Neoproterozoic BIFs universally associate with glacial deposits and their beds include glacial dropstones. In places, they underlie tillites of the Laplandian (Marinoan) glaciation (635 Ma), but they are more often sandwiched between glaciogenic sequences of the Laplandian and preceding Sturtian or Rapitan glaciation (730–750 Ma). Neoproterozoic BIFs are rather diverse in terms of lithology due to variation in the grade of metamorphism from place to place from low grades of the greenschist facies up to the granulite facies. Correspondingly, the ore component is mainly represented by hematite or magnetite. The REE distribution and (Co + Ni + Cu) index suggest an influence of hydrothermal sources of Fe, although it was subordinate to the continental washout. Iron was accumulated in seawater during glaciations, whereas iron mineralization took place at the earliest stages of postglacial transgressions. 相似文献
14.
安徽霍邱BIF铁矿地球化学特征及其成矿意义：以班台子和周油坊矿床为例 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
安徽霍邱铁矿田位于华北克拉通南缘,是一个大型BIF铁矿田.本文对霍邱矿田班台子矿区和周油坊矿区的铁矿石及其赋存的岩石共28件样品进行了详细的主微量元素地球化学分析.分析结果表明,班台子矿区的片麻岩和角闪岩的原岩属于一套亚碱性系列的岩石,具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,高场强元素(HFSE)明显亏损的火山弧岩石的特征.班台子角闪岩具有低的K2O含量和Ti/V值,Ti/V=22.7 ～ 25.9,平均24.5,与岛弧拉斑玄武岩一致.弧后盆地玄武岩化学组成具有类似岛孤拉斑玄武岩的特征.BIFs的形成往往需要构造稳定的半深水-深水盆地,孤后盆地能够为BIFs韵律条带的产生提供稳定的沉积环境,因此霍邱BIFs铁矿的大量出现说明班台子矿区角闪岩形成于弧后盆地,代表了霍邱铁矿形成的构造环境.班台子矿区铁矿石的(Eu/Eu*)SN=1.57 ～1.82,与Superior型(简称S型)BIFs特征一致;而周油坊矿区假象镜铁矿的(Eu/Eu*)SN=1.93 ～3.41,与Algoma型(简称A型)BIFs特征比较吻合.正Eu异常的强弱反应了成矿位置距离海底火山热液喷气口的远近.因此,我们推断霍邱地区BIFs型铁矿形成位置与海底火山热液喷气口的距离比较特别,处于A型向S型过渡的位置.角闪岩和片麻岩及其赋存的铁矿石的Al2O3和TiO2良好的线性相关性说明铁矿石铁质部分来源于侵蚀的弧后盆地玄武岩.Y/Ho比值=31.05 ～56.67,平均为46.65,说明霍邱铁矿继承了海水与热液的混合特征,其中,海水的贡献更大一些.周油坊矿区的大理岩主要化学组成CaO为28.49％ ～29.10％,MgO为20.25％ ～ 21.22％以及少量的SiO2(2.45％～6.10％).与平均显生宙石灰岩相比,周油坊大理岩亏损LILE和HFSE;与后太古代平均澳大利亚页岩(PAAS)相比,周油坊假象镜铁矿稀土元素总量低,明显正Eu异常,Ce无明显异常,Y/Ho比值介于35.00～56.67,平均48.81.这些特征显示大理岩及其赋存的假象镜铁矿形成于缺氧的海洋环境,海水中的氧能使亚铁离子氧化成三价铁离子沉淀出Fe(OH)3,但不足以使Ce3+氧化成Ce4+. 相似文献
15.
Banded iron formations (BIFs) within the Lvliang region of Shanxi Province, China, are hosted by sediments of the Yuanjiacun Formation, part of the Paleoproterozoic Lvliang Group. These BIFs are located in a zone where sedimentation changed from clastic to chemical deposition, indicating that these are Superior-type BIFs. Here, we present new major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) data, along with Fe, Si, and O isotope data for the BIFs in the Yuanjiacun within the Fe deposits at Yuanjiacun, Jianshan, and Hugushan. When compared with Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), these BIFs are dominated by iron oxides and quartz, contain low concentrations of Al2O3, TiO2, trace elements, and the REE, and are light rare earth element (LREE) depleted and heavy rare earth element (HREE) enriched. The BIFs also display positive La, Y, and Eu anomalies, high Y/Ho ratios, and contain 30Si depleted quartz, with high δ18O values that are similar to quartz within siliceous units formed during hydrothermal activity. These data indicate that the BIFs within the Yuanjiacun Formation were precipitated from submarine hydrothermal fluids, with only negligible detrital contribution. None of the BIF samples analyzed during this study have negative Ce anomalies, although a few have a positive Ce anomaly that may indicate that the BIFs within the Yuanjiacun Formation formed during the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) within a redox stratified ocean. The positive Ce anomalies associated with some of these BIFs are a consequence of oxidization and the formation of surficial manganese oxide that have preferentially adsorbed Ho, LREE, and Ce4 +; these deposits formed during reductive dissolution at the oxidation–reduction transition zone or in deeper-level reducing seawater. The loss of Ce, LREE, and Ho to seawater and the deposition of these elements with iron hydroxides caused the positive Ce anomalies observed in some of the BIF samples, although the limited oxidizing ability of surface seawater at this time meant that Y/Ho and LREE/HREE ratios were not substantially modified, unlike similar situations within stratified ocean water during the Late Paleoproterozoic. Magnetite and hematite within the BIFs in the study area contain heavy Fe isotopes (56Fe values of 0.24–1.27‰) resulting from the partial oxidation and precipitation of Fe2 + to Fe3 + in seawater. In addition, mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes within pyrite indicates that these BIFs were deposited within an oxygen-deficient ocean associated with a similarly oxygen-deficient atmosphere, even though the BIFs within the Yuanjiacun Formation formed after initiation of the GOE. 相似文献
16.
The oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of minerals from banded iron formations (BIFs) and high-grade ore in the region of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) were determined in order to estimate the temperature of regional metamorphism and the nature of rock-and ore-forming solutions. Magnetite and hematite of primary sedimentary or diagenetic origin have δ18O within the range from +2 to 6‰. During metamorphism, primary iron oxides, silicates, and carbonates were involved in thermal dissociation and other reactions to form magnetite with δ18O = +6 to +11‰. As follows from a low δ18Oav = ?3.5‰ of mushketovite (magnetite pseudomorphs after hematite) in high-grade ore, this mineral was formed as a product of hematite reduction by organic matter. The comparison of δ18O of iron oxides, siderite, and quartz from BIFs formed at different stages of the evolution of the Kursk protogeosyncline revealed specific sedimentation (diagenesis) conditions and metamorphism of the BIFs belonging to the Kursk and Oskol groups. BIF of the Oskol Group is distinguished by a high δ18O of magnetite compared to other Proterozoic BIFs. Martite ore differs from host BIF by a low δ18O = ?0.2 to ?5.9‰. This implies that oxygen from infiltration water was incorporated into the magnetite lattice during the martite formation. Surface water penetrated to a significant depth through tectonic faults and fractures. 相似文献
17.
西澳大利亚州铁矿分布规律及矿床成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西澳大利亚州铁矿资源主要分布在北部皮尔巴拉和南部的伊尔岗两个太古宙克拉通。皮尔巴拉克拉通BIF型铁矿在汤姆普赖斯山、恰那和布鲁克曼的矿石矿物组合为假象赤铁矿一微板状赤铁矿,马拉曼巴的为赤铁矿一针铁矿,CID型铁矿在罗布河和杨迪矿石类型主要为褐铁矿;伊尔岗克拉通BIF型铁矿在库里阿诺的矿石矿物组合为针铁矿一假象赤铁,比温和曼迪尕的为磁铁矿±假象赤铁矿和针铁矿±赤铁矿。BIF型铁矿为浅生一变质成矿,而CID型铁矿则是先前形成的BIF经侵蚀、搬运、沉积和埋藏作用形成。 相似文献
18.
Kofi Adomako‐Ansah Toshio Mizuta Napoleon Q. Hammond Daizo Ishiyama Takeyuki Ogata Hitoshi Chiba 《Resource Geology》2013,63(2):119-140
The Blue Dot gold deposit, located in the Archean Amalia greenstone belt of South Africa, is hosted in an oxide (± carbonate) facies banded iron formation (BIF). It consists of three stratabound orebodies; Goudplaats, Abelskop, and Bothmasrust. The orebodies are flanked by quartz‐chlorite‐ferroan dolomite‐albite schist in the hanging wall and mafic (volcanic) schists in the footwall. Alteration minerals associated with the main hydrothermal stage in the BIF are dominated by quartz, ankerite‐dolomite series, siderite, chlorite, muscovite, sericite, hematite, pyrite, and minor amounts of chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. This study investigates the characteristics of gold mineralization in the Amalia BIF based on ore textures, mineral‐chemical data and sulfur isotope analysis. Gold mineralization of the Blue Dot deposit is associated with quartz‐carbonate veins that crosscut the BIF layering. In contrast to previous works, petrographic evidence suggests that the gold mineralization is not solely attributed to replacement reactions between ore fluid and the magnetite or hematite in the host BIF because coarse hydrothermal pyrite grains do not show mutual replacement textures of the oxide minerals. Rather, the parallel‐bedded and generally chert‐hosted pyrites are in sharp contact with re‐crystallized euhedral to subhedral magnetite ± hematite grains, and the nature of their coexistence suggests that pyrite (and gold) precipitation was contemporaneous with magnetite–hematite re‐crystallization. The Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio of the dolomite–ankerite series and chlorite decreased from veins through mineralized BIF and non‐mineralized BIF, in contrast to most Archean BIF‐hosted gold deposits. This is interpreted to be due to the effect of a high sulfur activity and increase in fO2 in a H2S‐dominant fluid during progressive fluid‐rock interaction. High sulfur activity of the hydrothermal fluid fixed pyrite in the BIF by consuming Fe2+ released into the chert layers and leaving the co‐precipitating carbonates and chlorites with less available ferrous iron content. Alternatively, the occurrence of hematite in the alteration assemblage of the host BIF caused a structural limitation in the assignment of Fe3+ in chlorite which favored the incorporation of magnesium (rather than ferric iron) in chlorite under increasing fO2 conditions, and is consistent with deposits hosted in hematite‐bearing rocks. The combined effects of reduction in sulfur contents due to sulfide precipitation and increasing fO2 during progressive fluid‐rock interactions are likely to be the principal factors to have caused gold deposition. Arsenopyrite–pyrite geothermometry indicated a temperature range of 300–350°C for the associated gold mineralization. The estimated δ34SΣS (= +1.8 to +2.5‰) and low base metal contents of the sulfide ore mineralogy are consistent with sulfides that have been sourced from magma or derived by the dissolution of magmatic sulfides from volcanic rocks during fluid migration. 相似文献
19.
BIF在全球广泛分布,BIF型铁矿是铁的重要来源。根据产出的构造背景将其分为阿尔戈玛型（Algoma-type）和苏必利尔湖型（Lake Superior-type）。BIF主要产出于前寒武纪的古老克拉通和/或年轻地体,形成时代集中在3.0～2.0 Ga,峰期为2.5 Ga左右。前人对BIF型铁矿的成因研究着重于BIF的物质来源和Fe2+ 氧化沉淀机制两个方面,但都尚未达成共识。物质来源的观点主要有大陆风化剥蚀、海底热液、海底热液和海水的混合物、热液淋滤洋壳、既有大陆物质来源又有热液来源,沉淀机制主要有生物沉淀和非生物沉淀两种认识,前者是指Fe2+ 利用微生物（如蓝藻）光合作用产生的O2氧化成Fe3+,或Fe2+ 直接被微生物代谢氧化,后者主要包括热液与海水混合、密度流作用、相分离、紫外线引起Fe2+ 氧化沉淀等。 相似文献
20.
华北克拉通前寒武纪BIF铁矿研究:进展与问题 总被引：29，自引：18，他引：11
研究表明,BIF铁矿在华北克拉通的分布具有一定规律性.大规模BIF铁矿主要发育在绿岩带分布区的鞍山-本溪、冀东、霍邱-舞阳、五台、鲁西和固阳等地;华北克拉通时代最古老的BIF形成于古太古代,最年轻BIF形成于古元古代早期,但BIF铁矿的峰期为新太古代晚期(2.52 ～2.56Ga);BIF铁矿类型可划分为阿尔戈马型和苏比利尔湖型两类,但华北以晚太古代绿岩带中的阿尔戈马型为主,仅吕梁的古元古代袁家村铁矿具典型苏比利尔湖型铁矿特征.根据BIF在绿岩带序列中的产出部位和岩石组合关系,可将华北BIF划分为:1)斜长角闪岩(夹角闪斜长片麻岩)-磁铁石英岩组合;2)斜长角闪岩-黑云变粒岩-云母石英片岩-磁铁石英岩组合;3)黑云变粒岩(夹黑云石英片岩)-磁铁石英岩组合;4)黑云变粒岩-绢云绿泥片岩-黑云石英片岩-磁铁石英岩组合;5)斜长角闪岩(片麻岩)-大理岩-磁铁石英岩组合等5种类型.华北克拉通BIF形成时代与早前寒武纪岩浆活动的时间基本一致(2.5～2.6Ga),但与华北克拉通陆壳增生的峰期(2.7～2.9Ga)有一定偏差,其原因可能与新太古代晚期华北克拉通构造-热事件十分强烈有关.华北克拉通新太古代BIF大多形成于岛弧环境,但局部地区(如固阳)BIF铁矿可能形成于深部有地幔柱叠加的岛弧环境.华北克拉通BIF富矿主要有三种类型:原始沉积、受后期构造-热液叠加改造和古风化壳等,但总体不发育富铁矿,国外发育的风化壳型富铁在我国甚为少见.本文认为在探讨BIF铁矿类型时,需要从绿岩带发育序列进行综合判别.阿尔戈马型铁矿一般产于克拉通基底(绿岩带)环境,苏比利尔湖型铁矿一般形成于稳定克拉通上的海相沉积盆地或被动大陆边缘.华北克拉通BIF铁矿地球化学研究结果表明,BIF铁矿无Ce负异常且Fe同位素为正值,从而暗示铁矿沉淀的环境为低氧或缺氧环境,而铕正异常可能指示BIFs为热水沉积成因,其机制可能为海水对流循环从新生镁铁质-超镁铁质洋壳中淋滤出F(e)和Si等元素,在海底排泄沉淀成矿,而条带状构造的形成可能归咎于成矿流体的脉动式喷溢.但对于BIF铁矿的物质来源、成矿条件和机制、富铁矿成因、华北克拉通不发育苏比利尔湖型铁矿的原因等方面,仍需深入研究. 相似文献