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以巢湖北岸1000km2范围内的地下水为研究对象,采集样品130个,利用多种方法测试了15种水质指标。综合运用描述性分析、Piper三线图、相关性分析和离子比例系数,系统地研究了地下水水化学的分布及空间变化特征。最后得出:①巢湖北岸地下水属于弱酸—弱碱性水,水体硬度基本上不大,TDS基本上小于1g/L,水质属于淡水。②主要超标指标为F-、NO3-、总硬度、NO2-,污染类型主要表现为氟污染、总硬度和氮污染;③研究区地下水水化学类型复杂,共有28种水化学类型,其中比例比较大的水化学类型为:HCO3 Cl-Na Mg、HCO3 SO4-Na Mg、HCO3 SO4 Cl-Na Ca、HCO3 SO4-Na Ca Mg,分别占总类型的11.38%、8.94%、8.94%和7.32%。④通过计算c(Na+)/c(Cl-)系数,发现区内大多地下水的水质存在变异。 相似文献
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为深入研究宿州市城区地下水化学特征及其控制因素,在调查采样的基础上,综合运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比例系数等方法对水样测试结果进行分析研究。结果表明：① 浅层地下水优势阳离子为Ca2+,中深层地下水中Na+为优势阳离子,二者优势阴离子均为HCO3-。浅层地下水溶解性固体总量的质量浓度（TDS）均值为790. 65 mg/L,有3组为微咸水,其余均为淡水;中深层地下水TDS均值为585. 67 mg/L,均为淡水。② 浅层地下水化学类型复杂,以HCO3-—Ca2+·Mg2+、HCO3-—Na+·Ca2+·Mg2+型为主,其次为HCO3-—Na+·Mg2+型;中深层地下水化学类型相对简单,以HCO3-—Na+·Ca2+·Mg2+型为主。③地下水水化学特征受岩石溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用和人类活动的共同影响,水化学成分多数来自于硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩矿物的溶解。浅层地下水受人类活动影响较大,而中深层地下水受其影响不明显。 相似文献
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宿州市城区地下水化学特征及成因机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为深入研究宿州市城区地下水化学特征及其控制因素,在调查采样的基础上,综合运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比例系数等方法对水样测试结果进行分析研究。结果表明：① 浅层地下水优势阳离子为Ca2+,中深层地下水中Na+为优势阳离子,二者优势阴离子均为HCO3-。浅层地下水溶解性固体总量的质量浓度（TDS）均值为790. 65 mg/L,有3组为微咸水,其余均为淡水;中深层地下水TDS均值为585. 67 mg/L,均为淡水。② 浅层地下水化学类型复杂,以HCO3-—Ca2+·Mg2+、HCO3-—Na+·Ca2+·Mg2+型为主,其次为HCO3-—Na+·Mg2+型;中深层地下水化学类型相对简单,以HCO3-—Na+·Ca2+·Mg2+型为主。③地下水水化学特征受岩石溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用和人类活动的共同影响,水化学成分多数来自于硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩矿物的溶解。浅层地下水受人类活动影响较大,而中深层地下水受其影响不明显。 相似文献
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为探究兰州市浅层地下水水质演化过程,通过对兰州市浅层地下水所取的40组水样进行分析测试,运用描述性统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型、离子比例系数方法对该区地下水特征进行分析,并运用PHREEQC软件反向模拟地下水演化规律。结果表明：兰州市地下水pH平均值为7.59,地下水呈弱碱性,地下水TDS值相对较高,其平均值为2353.21 mg/L ;SO42-和Na+分别是研究区地下水中优势阴、阳离子;SO4·Cl-Na·Mg和SO4·HCO3-Na·Ca型为主要地下水化学类型。研究区地下水化学组分主要受蒸发-浓缩作用影响;在两路径模拟中,均为方解石发生溶解,Na+将Ca2+发生阳离子交替吸附作用,白云石、岩盐、石膏均发生沉淀。 相似文献
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喀斯特山区浅层地下水的季节变化特征及影响因素——以普定后寨河为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以贵州中部喀斯特山区普定县后寨河流域浅层地下水为研究对象,对浅层地下水的季节变化特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明:在喀斯特山区,浅层地下水主要阴离子为HCO3-、SO42-、Cl-,分别占总离子含量的53%、15%、3%,主要阳离子为Ca2+和Mg2+,占总离子含量的19%和6%,水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型水,pH为7.51～8.23,呈微碱性;浅层地下水具有明显的季节变化特征,HCO3-、Na+、NO3--N、Ca2+、TP的季节差异显著（P<0.05）,K+、Mg2+、Cl-、TN、NH4+-N、SO42-不同季节之间存在差异,但未达显著水平。喀斯特山区,浅层地下水化学性质主要由地层岩性决定,对农业活动、居民生活活动响应敏感,其中以农业活动最为显著,居民生活活动次之。喀斯特山区居民的农业活动和人为干扰使得浅层地下水中氮、磷质量浓度升高,明显影响水质。 相似文献
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《地下水》2020,(3)
为揭示廊坊市地下水水化学特征的形成机理,收集并检测了39个地下水样本。采用相关性分析法、水化学方法和离子比系数法研究了其水化学特性、影响因素和变化原理。研究结果表明:影响浅层地下水盐渍化的主要化学离子为SO42-、NO3-、Cl-和K+。SO42-、NO3-和Cl-的含量差异很大,其他指标相对稳定。γNa/γCl的比值表明在径流形成过程中Na+从土壤含水层中释放出来;水中的Ca2+与土壤中的Na+之间存在交换,导致γNaγCl;γNa/(γNa+γCl)的比值表明,随着地下水深度的增加,阳离子交换水平增强,导致主要阳离子从Na+转变为Ca2+;γHCO3+γSO4/γCa+γMg的比值表明浅层地下水主要来自大气降水,阳离子交换对深层地下水的影响更为明显。廊坊市浅层地下水类型主要为HCO3·SO4-Ca,其分类较复杂,而深层地下水主要为HCO3-Na,地下水的类别较简单。 相似文献
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为探讨北京潮白河冲洪积扇第四系地下水系统水化学分布特征,依据地层结构及水文地质条件,于2008年枯水期采集浅、中、深层水样293组,用于水化学分析。利用数理统计法计算了总硬度、溶解性总固体、氨氮、铁、氟、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、重碳酸根、硫酸根等10种组分上、中、下游不同含水层的算术均值和均方差。结果表明,浅层地下水除了NO3–外,其余9种组分的算术均值均呈现由上游到中下游增大的趋势,均方差则中游较上游和下游大;整个冲洪积扇地下水均属偏碱性水,水化学类型多样,由上游的HCO3-Ca·Mg型逐渐过渡到中下游的HCO3-Ca·Na·Mg型和HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca·Mg型;随着往下游径流,地下水的化学类型趋于复杂多样,Cl–、矿化度和硬度等组分浓度升高。TDS、硬度、Cl–、NO3–和电导率均与取样深度呈反相关关系,pH值则与深度成正相关。水化学结果显示冲洪积扇地下水具有良好的分层分带特征,上游地区水质均一性高,是单一含水层结构,上下贯通,水动力条件好的反映,而中下游水动力条件较差,含水层分层明显。从测试组分的浓度分布范围和数值来看,均表现出浅层水样中层水样深层水样。地下水质量表现为上游好于中游,中游好于下游,分带特征明显。组分含量较高的样点和超标点绝大多数为浅层水样,这一点反映了中下游地区较强的人为输入和多源补给的特征。 相似文献
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本文以山东烟台大沽夹河中下游地区1987～2017年地下水水质监测数据为背景,选取对地下水影响较大的钠钾离子、钙离子、镁离子、重碳酸根离子、硫酸根离子、氯离子、硝酸根离子以及总硬度、矿化度作为研究对象,利用Grapher软件,制作地下水水质动态曲线图,分析地下水水质多年变化特征,并使用AquaChem软件绘制Piper三线图,总结地下水水质类型及其变化规律,对比分析研究区30年地下水质量变化情况,选择时间序列法对大沽夹河中下游地区地下水水质进去趋势预测,结果表明:研究区地下水主要离子浓度呈上升趋势,水化学类型由HCO3- Ca、HCO3·Cl- Ca·Na向HCO3·SO4- Ca·Na、HCO3·Cl·SO4- Ca·Na转变。但地下水质量变化不大。除下游沿海区域外,大部分地区尚未超过Ⅲ类水标准,仅部分地区NO3-超标明显。 相似文献
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内蒙古河套盆地地表水-浅层地下水化学特征及成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地表水-地下水的相互作用不仅影响地下水化学演化,而且控制地下水化学组分的空间分布,是地下水研究领域的重要课题之一。在内蒙古河套盆地采集地下水样品58组,雨水和地表水样品32组,分析了主要离子、微量组分和氢氧稳定同位素等18个指标。结果表明,研究区地表水除了受蒸发浓缩作用影响外,还受到人为活动的影响,水中钙离子、硫酸根、硝酸根等组分明显升高。浅层地下水具有与地表水类似的主要组分和同位素特征,表明浅层地下水可能受到地表水的影响。地表水补给进入含水层的过程中,可能发生了硅酸盐矿物的非全等溶解、盐岩全等溶解、重晶石沉淀、硝酸根、铁氧化物矿物和硫酸根还原等作用。其中,铁氧化物矿物的还原是地下水砷含量高的主要原因。此外,砷浓度还受硫酸根还原的影响。因此,地下水-地表水的综合研究有助于揭示地下水的成因及水文地球化学过程。 相似文献
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同位素技术是研究区域地下水循环规律的主要手段之一。本文对平原区地下水进行了取样分析,运用同位素技术并结合水文地质条件,研究了北京市平原区地下水循环演化规律。运用^3H和^14C的测年技术确定了地下水年龄;利用D和18^O关系曲线探讨了地下水的起源;按照是否积极参加了现代水循环的原则将第四系地下水划分为浅层水和深层水;对浅层水和深层水的更新状况进行了研究。研究表明,浅层水广泛分布于北京平原区,径流条件好,更新快;深层水主要分布于永定河、潮白河冲洪积扇下部及冲洪积平原的深部地区,补给条件相对差,与现代大气降水联系弱,径流条件差,更新慢。 相似文献
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A study on the hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of groundwater from different depths in a coastal aquifer: Annamalai Nagar,Tamilnadu, India 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
S. Chidambaram G. Senthil Kumar M. V. Prasanna A. John Peter AL. Ramanthan K. Srinivasamoorthy 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(1):59-73
Chemical characterization of groundwater is essential to bring out its nature and utility. Samples from shallow and deep ground
water of the same location were collected and studied for their geochemical characteristics following standard procedures
(APHA 1998). Sediment samples from different depths were collected and analysed for minerals using FTIR and SEM. Resisitivity logging
was carried out in the bore well to understand the variations in depth to fresh water potential. The shallow ground water
is dominated by Na–Cl–HCO3–SO4 and deeper groundwater by Na–HCO3–SO4–Cl types. It is observed that there is a significant ionic variation with depth. The ionic strength of the deeper samples
is lesser than in the shallower samples. Wide pH variations in the shallow water samples are due to ion exchange process.
Thermodynamic stability plot was used to identify the state of stability. It is inferred that there is no major significant
difference in the thermodynamic state of stability in the shallow and the deeper aquifers as the aquifer matrix for the shallow
and deeper aquifers are almost similar. Saturation index of Gibbsite, Kaolinite, Calcite, Dolomite and anhydrite, were studied
for shallow and deep aquifers, to identify the difference in hydro chemical signatures. The Si/Al ratios of shallow samples
are less when compared with the deeper samples. Leaching of secondary salts was the chief mechanism controlling the ground
water chemistry of the region. 相似文献
14.
Nyamboge Chacha Karoli N. Njau George V. Lugomela Alfred N. N. Muzuka 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(8):2693-2706
The continuous abstraction of groundwater from Arusha aquifers in northern Tanzania has resulted in a decline in water levels and subsequent yield reduction in most production wells. The situation is threatening sustainability of the aquifers and concise knowledge on the existing groundwater challenge is of utmost importance. To gain such knowledge, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, and radiocarbon dating on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), were employed to establish groundwater mean residence time and recharge mechanism.14C activity of DIC was measured in groundwater samples and corrected using a δ13C mixing method prior to groundwater age dating. The results indicated that groundwater ranging from 1,400 years BP to modern is being abstracted from deeper aquifers that are under intensive development. This implies that the groundwater system is continuously depleted due to over-pumping, as most of the sampled wells and springs revealed recently recharged groundwater. High 14C activities observed in spring water (98.1?±?7.9 pMC) correspond with modern groundwater in the study area. The presence of modern groundwater suggests that shallow aquifers are actively recharged and respond positively to seasonal variations. 相似文献
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历史上淄河下游的人畜供水一直依赖地下水,但20世纪80年代以来区内淄河下游河道长期接纳上游污水,地表水和浅层地下水受到污染,浅层地下水已不适于人畜饮用。污染区沿淄河呈条带状展布,污染区边界距淄河约1.0~1.5 km,其中距淄河500 m以内的区域污染最为严重。中深层地下水水质良好,仅个别井点因井管损坏造成点状串层污染,可做为人畜用水水源。基本可满足2010年前区内人畜供水要求。人畜供水开采中深层地下水时,应根据地下水污染特征和中深层含水层水文地质特征,分区分层开采,实现地下水合理开发,防止中深层地下水串层污染,保护宝贵的地下水资源。 相似文献
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天津平原地面沉降条件下的深层地下水资源组成 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
根据天津平原地面沉降监测结果，采用水量均衡法，计算出深层地下水开采量中，浅层地下水越流补给量占38.2％，粘土性压密释水量占41．3％，弹性释水量占5．6％，侧向流入量占14．9％。在控制地面沉降的条件下，深层地下水持续利用的对策是调整开采三维布局，适度开发利用浅层地下水对深层地下水的越流补给。 相似文献
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Hydrological and hydrogeological characterization of groundwater and river water in the North Hanoi industrial area,Vietnam 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nguyen Van Giang Le Ngoc Thanh Vu Quang Hiep Noboru Hida 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(11):4915-4924
Degradation of groundwater quality by human activities is a widespread environmental problem in Vietnam. Groundwater there is a major source of water for domestic and industrial purposes. This paper reviews, compiles, and comprehensively analyzes spatiotemporal variations of hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of shallow and deep groundwater aquifers in northern Hanoi industrial zones and in nearby Red River water. Groundwater level, electrical conductivity, and water temperature were measured in six monitoring wells, complemented by anion, cation, and stable isotope analyses of ground and surface water. The results show that the groundwater in both shallow and deep aquifers was fresh, but mainly calcium-bicarbonate type contaminants and human activities affect groundwater and surface water composition. With the goal of devising sustainable water use regulations, more research must be directed toward long-term monitoring of groundwater and surface water quality, as well as toward detailed investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of local aquifers in the study area. 相似文献
18.
文章研究了湛江市50年来的地下水流场变化特征，得出以下结论：市区中、深层承压水经过近50年的集中开采．已形成了以人工开采区为中心的区域水位降落漏斗；浅层水一直未作为集中供水水源，未形成区域水位降落漏斗。影响地下水流场变化的因素主要为开采量，其次为地下水的开采方式及水文地质条件。 相似文献
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The deep wells drilled along the eastern escarpment of the Jordan Valley penetrate confined aquifers that produce thermal and mineralized artesian water. Uncontrolled flows from poorly constructed and uncapped artesian wells over the last 30 years have caused the deterioration of the quality of shallow groundwater and surface water. They also have been accelerating the discharge of saline water from deep aquifers and have caused the loss of shallow fresh groundwater resources through the downward percolation of fresh water to replace the extracted deep salty groundwater. A lack of adequate controls on the construction and maintenance of artesian wells is leading to widespread water quality problems in the region, which limits the ability of future generations to access high-quality water, a clear breach of the principle of intergenerational equity. 相似文献
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Nayan Jyoti Khound Parag Phukon Krishna G. Bhattacharyya 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(2):162-168
The lower Jia Bharali catchment and adjoining areas in central part of North Brahmaputra Plain (NBP) is characterized by more than 800m thick Older and Younger Alluvium deposited by the west flowing Brahmaputra river and the south flowing trans Himalayan rivers. Unconfined, shallow alluvial aquifers of the area with a general southward flow are largely tapped for domestic use through numerous dug well attached with almost every household. Monitoring of 180 dug wells for two hydrological years show strong seasonal fluctuation of the groundwater table linked to the summer monsoon that brings more than 1500mm precipitation in the area between June-September. This study has presents the first ever systematic database on toxic trace elements viz., As, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn from the shallow aquifers in north Brahmaputra plain based on water samples from 50 monitoring wells collected in both dry and wet seasons. The data was analysed with respect to WHO standards for drinking water and significantly, 2 % of the measurements show As in excess of the WHO limit while 60% of the samples in the wet season and as much as 90 % of the same in dry season have Cr content more than the WHO permissible limit. Pb concentration is above permissible limit of 0.05 mg/L in most of the dry season samples although 88 % of the rainy season samples show Pb concentration exceeding this limit. 34 % of the samples in the wet seasons and 86 % of the samples in the dry seasons have Mn above the permissible limit of 0.1 mg/L while in case of Ni, 56 % of the aquifers in the wet season and 72 % of the aquifers in the dry season show Ni content above the permissible limit of 0.02 mg/L. Zn contents of the aquifers are however very low throughout the year. 相似文献