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1.
在西南极和横贯南极山脉地区,新生代裂谷和剥露作用非常普遍。但是,文献中很少记录东南极地区的新生代剥露作用。文中根据东南极普里兹湾拉斯曼丘陵地质样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄和热历史的模拟,认为在东南极海岸边缘存在新生代的隆升和伸展作用,其年龄为始于(49.8±12)Ma。该年龄略晚于西南极裂谷系的启动年龄(约60~50Ma)。由于差异隆升作用,在拉斯曼丘陵地区发育了更新的正断层作用——拉斯曼丘陵拆离断层的新活动,其年龄为约5.4Ma。东南极周缘新生代裂谷和伸展作用的普遍存在,是冈瓦纳裂解以来大陆分离和印度洋形成的结果。 相似文献
2.
Cenozoic Exhumation of Larsemann Hills,East Antarctica: Evidence from Apatite Fission-track Thermochronology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>Does Cenozoic exhumation occur in the Larsemann Hills,East Antarctica? In the present paper,we conducted an apatite fission-track thermochronologic study across the Larsemann Hills of East Antarctica.Our work reveals a Cenozoic exhumation event at 49.8±12 Ma,which we interpret to be a result of exhumation caused by crustal extension.Within the uncertainty of our age determination, the timing of extension in East Antarctica determined by our study is coeval with the onset time of rifting in West Antarctica at c.55 Ma.The apatite fission-track cooling ages vary systematically in space, indicating a coherent block rotation of the Larsemann Hills region from c.50 Ma to c.10 Ma.This pattern of block tilting was locally disrupted by normal faulting along the Larsemann Hills detachment fault at c.5.4 Ma.The regional extension in the Larsemann Hills,East Antarctica was the result of tectonic evolution in this area,and may be related to the global extension.Through the discussion of Pan-Gondwanaland movement,and Mesozoic and Cenozoic extensions in West and East Antarctica and adjacent areas,we suggest that the protracted Cenozoic cooling over the Larsemann Hills area was caused by extensional tectonics related to separation and formation of the India Ocean at the time of Gondwanaland breakup. 相似文献
3.
We report the first finding of Ediacaran mafic magmatism in northern Victoria Land of the Ross orogen, Antarctica, based on ca. 600–590 Ma magmatic zircon cores in Cambrian eclogites. The mafic magmatism could be either linked to ca. 615–590 Ma incipient convergent margin magmatism in central segment of the Ross orogen, or ca. 600–580 Ma continental rift-related volcanism widespread in eastern Australia. The latter is preferred based on the trace-element compositions distinctive from those of arc-related basalts and the depleted mantle-like Hf isotopic compositions of zircon. Our results suggest dual rifting episodes during both the Ediacaran and Cryogenian (ca. 670–650 Ma) in the East Antarctic margin, correlative with those in eastern Australia. A spatial distribution of coeval rifting and subduction along the Ediacaran margin of East Antarctica is readily accounted for by rift inheritance; the upper- and lower-plate geometry resulting from detachment and transform faulting. 相似文献
4.
5.
西南极主要由哈格冰原岛峰群、南极半岛、瑟斯顿岛、玛丽·伯德地和埃尔斯沃思-惠特莫尔山脉五个各具特色的地壳块体组成。通过综述上述各块体主要的岩浆事件及其构造意义,旨在了解西南极的地质演化过程。西南极最古老的岩石为哈格冰原岛峰群地块的前寒武纪正片麻岩,时代为1238 Ma,记录了中元古代弧岩浆作用,其余四个地块记录了~500 Ma以来的地质演化过程。古生代时期,埃尔斯沃思-惠特莫尔山脉地块处于快速沉降的陆相断陷盆地环境,岩浆活动稀少,与罗斯造山运动形成的弧后伸展有关;玛丽·伯德地地块中—晚古生代发育一套与板块汇聚有关的岩浆作用,形成于活动大陆边缘环境;而南极半岛-瑟斯顿岛地块记录了石炭纪—二叠纪时期弧的发育。各地块的构造背景从侏罗纪开始明显分化,埃尔斯沃思-惠特莫尔山脉地块记录了侏罗纪板内岩浆作用,可能与大火成岩省有关;玛丽·伯德地地块发育的侏罗纪—早白垩世Ⅰ型弧岩浆岩随时间转变为白垩纪中期的A型碱性岩浆岩,经历了由俯冲向裂解机制的转变;南极半岛-瑟斯顿岛地块侏罗纪—白垩纪为弧岩浆活动活跃期,同时也有大火成岩省火山活动的记录,是持续俯冲和裂解相互作用的产物。新生代岩浆作用以南极半岛地块为代表,弧岩浆作用持续到始新世,其时空分布特征与左行错断扩张脊的分段俯冲和碰撞有关。 相似文献
6.
根据西南极已发表的中—新生代古地磁数据,对西南极不同地块进行了古大陆重建。识别出古太平洋板块对西南极构造演化影响广泛的两次构造事件:一是120~100 Ma古太平洋板块内翁通爪哇-马尼希基-希库朗基大火成岩省的喷发与全球板块洋壳扩张速率高峰期引起的西南极瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸与东玛丽·伯德地快速南向移动;二是古太平洋-凤凰板块洋中脊在~100 Ma俯冲至西南极之下导致的以罗斯海区域为主的岩石圈伸展、瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸与玛丽·伯德地远离东南极以及南极半岛发生南向运动与顺时针旋转。证明太平洋板块俯冲与西南极板块运动的耦合关系。未来需要在西南极获得更多具有准确年代学限制的可靠的古地磁数据,这将对西南极的构造演化模式提供更多的制约,并有助于深入理解南极大陆的构造演化过程、板块生长与裂解的地球动力学机制。 相似文献
7.
The movement of Antarctica with respect to South America has a number of implications for paleocirculation as well as for the reconstructions of Gondwanaland. Recent papers on the Southwest Indian Ridge have published new or revised poles of opening for Africa and Antarctica which can be combined with the poles of opening between South America and Africa to give resultant motions between South America and Antarctica.The first indication of a complete closure between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula is at anomaly 28 time (64 Ma) as the two continents are now configured. Between anomaly 28 time (64 Ma) and anomaly M0 time (119 Ma) the amount of closure does not change greatly, and the small computed overlap can be explained by minor uncertainties in the rotation poles used for the reconstructions or some slight extension between East and West Antarctica. By 135 Ma some rotation or translation of the Antarctic Peninsula with respect to East Antarctica must be postulated in addition to any presumed extension between East and West Antarctica in order to avoid an overlap of South America with the Antarctic Peninsula.Having determined what we feel to be a viable reconstruction of Western Gondwanaland and holding South America fixed, we rotated Africa and Antarctica, with respect to South America, for eight different times during the past. Africa moved away from South America in a more or less consistent manner throughout the time period, closure to present, while Antarctica moved away from Africa in a consistent manner only between 160 Ma and 64 Ma. At 64 Ma its motion changed abruptly: it slowed its north-south motion with respect to Africa and began slow east-west extension with respect to South America. This change supports the hypothesis that a major reorganization of the triple junction between Africa, Antarctica and South America occurred between 60 and 65 Ma. The triple junction changed from ridge-ridge-ridge to ridge-fault-fault at the time of the major westward jump of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge just south of the Falkland-Agulhas Fracture Zone.The Mesozoic opening of the Somali Basin moved Madagascar from its presumed original position with Africa in Gondwanaland. The closure of Sri Lanka with India produces a unique fit for India and Sri Lanka with respect to Africa, Madagascar and Antarctica. This fit juxtaposes geological localities in Southeast India against similar localities in Enderhy Land. East Antarctica. The late Jurassic opening in the Somali Basin is tied to opening of the same age in the Mozambique Basin. Since this late Jurassic movement represents the initial break-up of Gondwanaland, it is assumed that similar movement must have occurred in what is now the western Weddell Sea and may also explain the opening evidenced by the Rocas Verdes region of southern South America. 相似文献
8.
A comparison of late Mesoproterozoic palaeomagnetic poles from the Kalahari craton and its correlative Grunehogna craton in East Antarctica shows that the Kalahari–Grunehogna craton straddled the palaeo-Equator and underwent no azimuthal rotation between ca. 1130 and 1105 Ma. Comparison of the Kalahari palaeopoles with the Laurentia APWP between 1130 and 1000 Ma shows that there was a latitudinal separation of 30±14° between Kalahari and the Llano–West Texas margin of Laurentia at ca. 1105 Ma. The Kalahari craton could have converged with southwestern Laurentia between 1060 and 1030 Ma to become part of Rodinia by 1000 Ma. In Rodinia, the Kalahari craton lay near East Antarctica with the Namaqua–Natal orogenic belt facing outboard and away from the Laurentian craton. 相似文献
9.
Central Gondwana was assembled by three continental collisions in relatively quick succession: late Cryogenian East Africa Orogen, early Ediacaran West Antarctica Orogen and late Ediacaran Kuunga Orogen. The Kuunga Orogen involved diachronous closure of the South Adamastor–Khomas–Mozambique Oceans and accretion of Kalahari Craton and cratonic elements in Antarctica, with a previously assembled North Gondwana. The two older orogens were still hot and deforming at the time of final assembly by the Kuunga Orogen, and were therefore reworked and re-metamorphosed. The Central Kuunga Orogen is comprised of the Lufilian Arc, Zambezi Belt, Malawi–Unango Complex and the Lurio Belt. This region was the site of earliest collision in the Kuunga Orogen at ~575 Ma, and involved collision of two buoyant, previously metamorphosed rigid basement promontories. Pivoting on the Zambezi Belt indenters led to clockwise rotation of the Kalahari Craton and oblique collision within the Damara Belt ~20–30 m.y. later. The Central Kuunga Orogen is a relatively cold collisional belt dominated by eclogite, whiteschist and Barrovian series metamorphic parageneses, and contrasts with the paired metamorphic response in the Damara Belt to the west, and low-P/high-T metamorphism in the East Kuunga Orogen. Metamorphic parageneses are preserved from each stage of the full Wilson Cycle: from initiation of continental lithosphere thinning at ~940 Ma, widespread rifting between 725 and 805 Ma, and passive margin sedimentation until ~580 Ma. Eclogite-facies subduction parageneses indicate consumption of ocean lithosphere was underway by ~630–660 Ma. Collision at ~575 Ma involved deep burial of continental crust and formation of very high-P, low T/depth metamorphic parageneses, followed by Barrovian series thermal peaks at ~545 and ~525 Ma. Isostatic compensation and stress switches associated with plate reconfigurations once Gondwana was assembled, resulted in exhumation and local extension in an intra-continental setting from ~518 Ma. 相似文献
10.
Geology and mineral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology and mineral map of Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Solomon Tadesse Jean-Pierre Milesi Yves Deschamps 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2003,36(4):273-313
This work presents a geoscientific map and database for geology, mineral and energy resources of Ethiopia in a digital form at a scale of 1:2,000,000, compiled from several sources. The final result of the work has been recorded on CD-ROM in GIS format so that the map and the database could be available to users on a personal computer.Metallic resources (precious, rare, base and ferrous–ferroalloy metals) are widely related to the metamorphic meta-volcano-sedimentary belts and associated intrusives belonging to various terranes of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, accreted during the East and West Gondwana collision (Neoproterozoic, 900–500 Ma).Industrial minerals and rock resources occur in more diversified geological environments, including the Proterozoic basement rocks, the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments and recent (Cenozoic) volcanics and associated sediments.Energy resources (oil, coal, geothermal resources) are restricted to Phanerozoic basin sediments and Cenozoic volcanism and rifting areas. 相似文献
11.
西秦岭新生代双峰式火山作用及南北构造带成因初探 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文提供了西秦岭新生代流纹岩的全岩化学、稀土微量元素和Pb、Sr、Nd同位素分析数据,以及新生代双峰式火山岩27个同位素定年结果。研究表明,西秦岭新生代双峰式火山岩具有与东非裂谷完全相同的岩石组合。K/Ar和39Ar/40Ar同位素定年确定新生代双峰式火山岩的年龄从23~7.1Ma。双峰式火山岩中的钾霞橄黄长岩与钾玄岩的87Sr/86Sr在0.704031~0.70525之间, 206Pb/204Pb为18.408~19.062,207Pb/204Pb为15.476~15.677,208Pb/204Pb为38.061~39.414,εNd=0.3~5.3,几乎全部为正值,与新特提斯地幔端元地球化学域非常相似,岩浆起源于与Ontong Java和FOZO地幔柱相似的亏损地幔源区。由此推测,火山岩的成因与印-亚大陆碰撞诱发的软流圈地幔流向东移动和上涌有关,也是青藏高原向东扩展的一种响应。西秦岭新生代双峰式火山岩的厘定为查明南北构造带的性质提供了岩石探针,它证明南北构造带是一条大陆裂谷。但是,将西秦岭的双峰式火山岩产出的大地构造背景,深部地球物理以及地幔热结构与贝加尔裂谷和东非裂谷的地幔相比较可以看出,南北构造带的裂谷特征不同于东非大陆裂谷,也与贝加尔裂谷不尽相同。南北构造带的裂谷成因与印-亚大陆碰撞诱发的软流圈物质向东的移动和上涌有关,其特征受西秦岭周边各个小块体间相对运动速度与方向以及东昆仑断裂-西秦岭北缘断裂运动性质的联合制约。由此推测,南北构造带是一条复杂的裂谷带,也可能是一个发展中的板块边界。 相似文献
12.
E. V. Mikhal’sky 《Geotectonics》2008,42(6):413-429
Geological, geochemical, and isotopic data (U-Pb for zircon and Sm-Nd for whole-rock samples) are summarized for Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic geological complexes known from various regions of East Antarctica. The main events of tectonothermal and magmatic activity are outlined and correlated in space and time. The Paleoproterozoic is characterized as a period of rifting in Archean blocks, their partial mobilization, and formation of a new crustal material over a vast area occupied by present-day East Antarctica. In most areas, this material was repeatedly reworked at the subsequent stages of evolution (1800–1700, 1100–1000, 550–500 Ma). Complexes of Mesoproterozoic juvenile rocks (1500, 1400–1200, 1150–1100 Ma) arising in convergent suprasubduction geodynamic settings are established in some areas (basalt-andesite and tonalite-granodiorite associations with characteristic geochemical signatures). The evolution of the Proterozoic regions in East Antarctica may be interpreted as a Wilson cycle with the destruction of the Archean megacontinent 2250 Ma ago and the ultimate closure of the secondary oceanic basins by 1000 Ma ago. The Mesoproterozoic regions make up a marginal volcanic-plutonic belt that combines three provinces of different ages corresponding to consecutive accretion of terranes 1500–1150, 1400–950, and 1150–1050 Ma ago. The Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic tectonomagmatic activity developed nonuniformly. In some regions, it is expressed in ductile deformation, granulite-facies metamorphism, and postcollision magmatism; in other regions, a weak thermal effect and anorogenic magmatism are noted. The evolution of metamorphic complexes in the regime of isothermal decompression and the intraplate character of granitoids testify to the collision nature of the Early Paleozoic tectonomagmatic activity. 相似文献
13.
东昆仑造山带多期隆升历史的地质热年代学证据 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对格尔木附近东昆仑山花岗岩类侵入岩体中锆石和磷灰石进行裂变径迹（FT）定年与热历史的模拟,得到了中、新生代东昆仑山多阶段冷却与隆升的构造热历史。锆石FT年龄反映了东昆仑山中生代2期冷却历史,分别为第1期侏罗纪（194.1~ 144.4Ma）和第2期早白垩世（115.7~100.2Ma）冷却历史。磷灰石FT年龄和热历史模拟给出新生代3期冷却历史,分别为第1期始新世早期（约52.9Ma）、第2期中新世中期（16.3~10.0Ma）和第3期上新世（5.1~0.9Ma）冷却历史。东昆仑山新生代3期冷却历史与逆冲断层系的发育紧密相关。新生代第1期（约52.9Ma）可能反映了柴达木盆地南缘一个夭折了的前陆盆地的存在。新生代第2期（16.3~10.0Ma）和第3期（5.1~0.9Ma）冷却年龄具有规律性的空间分布,反映了东昆仑山背驮式逆冲断层系的发育历史,表明柴达木盆地主要是作为东昆仑山的背驮式盆地而建立盆山耦合关系的。根据新生代第2期冷却历史的结束与昆仑断裂大规模左行走滑运动开始的年龄对比,推测东昆仑山区域变形作用由挤压向剪切转换的时间可能在10.0Ma左右。 相似文献
14.
The Lambert Rift, which is a large intracontinental rift zone in East Antarctica, developed over a long period of geological time, beginning from the Late Paleozoic, and its evolution was accompanied by magmatic activity. The latest manifestation of magmatism is eruption of alkaline olivine–leucite basalts on the western side of the Lambert Rift; Rb–Sr dating referred its time to the Middle Eocene, although its genesis remained vague. In order to solve this problem, we found geochronometer minerals in basaltic samples and 68 apatite grains appeared to be suitable for analysis. Their ages and ages of host basalts, determined by the U–Pb local method on the SIMS SHRIMP-II, were significantly different (323 ± 31 Ma) from those assumed earlier. This age corresponds to the earliest stage of crustal extension in East Antarctica and to most of Gondwana. The new data crucially change the ideas about the evolution of Lambert Rift and demonstrate the ambiguity of К–Ar dates of the alkali effusive formed under long-term rifting. 相似文献
15.
The survey of high-P metamorphic rocks in Antarctica can help clarify the geodynamic evolution of the continent by pointing out palaeo-suture zones and constraining the age of subduction and collision events. There are eclogite-facies rocks along the eastern margin of the ‘Mawson block’ (e.g., in the Nimrod Glacier region and George V Land). Some of these have been long forgotten (George V Land; Eyre Peninsula in Australia). Stillwell (1918) described rocks from George V Land containing glaucophane, lawsonite, garnet coronas and symplectites possibly after omphacite. These high-P rocks were apparently involved in the Nimrod-Kimban orogenic cycle and therefore provide a record of convergence along the eastern margin of the Mawson block at ~ 1700 Ma; they could represent one of the oldest blueschist-facies imprint. Many terranes in East Antarctica underwent a tectonometamorphic evolution during the Grenvillian (1300–900 Ma) and/or the Pan-African (600–500 Ma) orogenies, corresponding to the amalgamation of Rodinia and Gondwana, respectively. High-P relicts have been described or are suspected to occur in these terranes. Garnet-bearing coronitic metagabbros, in some cases possibly containing omphacite, are common in Dronning Maud Land and the Rayner Complex. They formed under high-P granulite-facies or eclogite-facies conditions and recall similar metabasites from the Grenville mobile belt of Canada. Note that some reconstructions of the Rodinia supercontinent consider these two Antarctic regions as an extension of the Grenvillian belt of Canada. Other eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks and ophiolites (Shackleton Range and possibly Sverdrupfjella) belong to the Pan-African mobile belt extending from Tanzania to East Antarctica. Since the Cambrian, the terranes of West Antarctica have been accreted along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana/Antarctica during several subduction-accretion orogenies. The ultrahigh-P metamorphic rocks of Northern Victoria Land formed through the accretion of an arc-backarc system during the Cambrian-Ordovician Ross orogeny; eclogites of the same orogeny also exist in Tasmania and Australia. Lastly, on the western edge of the Antarctic Peninsula, the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Andean orogeny generated a subduction-accretionary complex containing blueschist-facies rocks. 相似文献
16.
东、西昆仑山晚新生代以来构造隆升作用对比 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
东、西昆仑晚新生代以来隆升过程和程度存在明显差异。东昆仑山现代地貌格局主要是在第四纪以来经过早中更新世之交的昆黄运动和中更新世晚期的共和运动形成的,山系的崛起在时空演化上呈现出由北向南的迁移趋势,而西昆仑山在第三纪已有明显的地貌反差,第四纪地貌反差加剧。东昆仑地区在昆黄运动后尽管形成了近东西向的东流水系,但向南的强烈溯源侵蚀并奠定现代河流水系格局主要发生于中更新世晚期,与共和运动大体同时,而西昆仑地区向南的强烈溯源侵蚀主要发生于早更新世晚期,与东昆仑的昆—黄运动大体同时。在剥蚀程度上,东昆仑最上部3km的去顶至少延续了45Ma,而西昆仑公格尔—塔什库尔干地貌单元只延续了2~5Ma。控制东、西昆仑晚新生代构造隆升的动力背景可能取决于强烈加厚及强烈隆升的青藏高原岩石圈边缘的重力伸展垮塌与来自南部的挤压应力之间的动态平衡。考察青藏高原隆升过程与机制,不仅要注意隆升作用的共性,更要强调不同部位隆升过程及动力学的差异性。 相似文献
17.
目前对珠江口盆地中生代以来的演化过程及其与沉积环境演变的响应关系尚缺乏系统性认识.基于珠江口盆地中-新生代岩浆活动、断陷结构样式及其改造、典型构造变形样式、沉积中心的转换等特征的对比分析,将盆地中-新生代的构造演化划分为4个阶段、7个期次:（1）中侏罗世-晚白垩世早期（~170~90 Ma）为古太平洋板块俯冲主控的陆缘岩浆弧-弧前盆地演化阶段;（2）晚白垩世-始新世中期（~90~43 Ma）为太平洋板块俯冲后撤背景下弧后周缘前陆/造山后塌陷-主动裂谷演化阶段;（3）始新世中期-中中新世（~43~10 Ma）为华南挤出-古南海俯冲拖曳主导的被动陆缘演化阶段;（4）晚中新世以来（~10~0 Ma）为菲律宾板块NWW向仰冲主导的挤压张扭演化阶段.~90 Ma、~43 Ma、~10 Ma分别实现了由安第斯型俯冲向西太平洋型俯冲、由主动裂谷向被动陆缘伸展、由被动陆缘伸展向挤压张扭的转换.在此过程中,伴随着古南海和南海的发育-消亡,新生代裂陷期沉积环境由东向西、由南向北逐渐海侵,裂后期由南向北阶段性差异沉降,由陆架浅水向陆坡深水转换,这使得珠一/三、珠二、珠四坳陷的石油地质条件具有显著的分带差异性. 相似文献
18.
N.L. Dobretsov V.A. Vernikovsky Yu.V. Karyakin E.A. Korago V.A. Simonov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2013,54(8):874-887
The patterns and history of Mesozoic–Cenozoic plume magmatism in the Arctic is considered in relation with suprasubduction volcanism and geodynamic events. The Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatic history of the area includes seven stages, distinguished by correlation of ages and compositions of volcanics associated with mid-ocean rifting, plumes, and subduction; three of seven stages correspond to global events at 230–200 Ma, 130–120 Ma, and 40–30 Ma. The reported study supports the inferred inverse correlation between plate velocities and amount of subduction-related volcanism. The gained knowledge is used for paleotectonic reconstructions in the Arctic. 相似文献
19.
非洲地区盆地演化与油气分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
非洲地区盆地整体勘探程度较低,待发现资源量大,是当前油气勘探开发的热点地区之一。非洲板块在显生宙主要经历了冈瓦纳大陆形成、整体运动和裂解3个构造演化阶段,形成多种不同类型的盆地。通过板块构造演化和原型盆地研究及石油地质综合分析,明确了不同类型盆地的构造特征与油气富集规律。北非克拉通边缘盆地形成于古生代早期,受海西运动影响,油气主要富集在挤压背景下形成的大型穹隆构造之中,以古生界含油气系统为主;北非边缘裂谷盆地海西运动之后普遍经历了裂谷和沉降,裂谷期各盆地沉降幅度和沉降中心的差异导致了油气成藏模式和资源潜力的差异;东、西非被动陆缘盆地形成于中生代潘吉亚大陆的解体、大西洋和印度洋张裂的过程中,西非被动陆缘盆地普遍发育含盐地层,形成盐上和盐下两套含油气系统,东非被动陆缘盆地结构差异较大,油气分布主要受盆地结构控制;中西非裂谷系是经历早白垩世、晚白垩世和古近纪3期裂谷作用而形成的陆内裂谷盆地,受晚白垩世非洲板块与欧亚板块碰撞的影响,近东西向展布盆地抬升剧烈,油气主要富集在下白垩统,北西南东向盆地受影响较弱,油气主要富集在上白垩统和古近系之中;新生代东非裂谷系盆地和红海盆地形成时间相对较晚,以新生界含油气系统为主,新生代三角洲盆地中油气分布主要受三角洲砂(扇)体展布和盆地结构所控制。 相似文献
20.
东南极普里兹带多期变质作用及其对罗迪尼亚和冈瓦纳超大陆重建的启示 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
东南极普里兹带是一条经受格林维尔期和泛非期高级构造热事件影响的多相变质带,其构造演化过程与罗迪尼亚和冈瓦纳超大陆的形成密切相关.新的岩石学和年代学资料表明,普里兹带中的格林维尔期高级变质作用是区域性的,并经历了>970Ma和930～900Ma两个演化阶段(期),变质条件达到相对高温高压的麻粒岩相.格林维尔期造山作用起始于活动大陆边缘或岛弧环境下的岩浆增生,最后发展到陆陆碰撞,从而使印度、东南极西陆块和非洲的卡拉哈里克拉通拼合在一起,构成了罗迪尼亚超大陆的重要组成部分之一.普里兹带中的泛非期高级变质作用并不象前人认为的那样只发生在中低压麻粒岩相条件下,而是达到高压麻粒岩相,并具有近等温减压的顺时针P-T演化轨迹.格林维尔期变质先驱的普遍存在说明泛非期碰撞造山事件主要叠加在印度-南极陆块东缘的基底杂岩之上,所以其主缝合线的位置应该在现今普里兹带的东南方向,并可能向南极内陆延伸到甘布尔采夫冰下山脉.对不同类型岩石的精细定年揭示,普里兹带中泛非期造山作用过程从570Ma一直持续到490Ma,这与东非造山带的晚期碰撞阶段大致相吻合.因此,冈瓦纳超大陆的最后拼合可能是通过西冈瓦纳、印度-南极陆块和澳大利亚-南极陆块等三个陆块的近于同期碰撞来完成的. 相似文献