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黑龙江小西林铅锌矿植物体内铅锌积累机制初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用较新的思路，在地处森林沼泽景观的小西林铅锌矿对植物吸收积累元素的机制进行了初步研究，总结出植物对营养元素和有毒元素的不同积累模式。为植物地球化学找矿方法在生产实际中应用指出了一条新路。 相似文献
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东南沿海是铅等重金属的地球化学高背景区。该地区广泛分布酸性红壤,酸雨沉降、不适当施肥导致土壤酸化以及由此引发土壤重金属生态风险令人关注。以福建省铁观音主产区为研究区,采集了79个茶园的表层和亚表层土壤样、茶叶样品,测定了重金属元素以及土壤常量元素和理化指标。研究表明,福建铁观音茶园土壤中Hg、Pb、Se、Zn高含量主要由地质背景所引起,土壤常量组分、有机质、酸碱度等理化条件对土壤元素含量有一定的影响;铁观音茶树老叶中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Se、Pb、F等非植物营养元素含量明显高于嫩叶,显示这些元素随植物生长逐渐累积的特征,而嫩叶中植物生长必需的营养元素Cu、(Ni)、Zn则高于老叶,反映出微量营养元素在茶叶生长部位相对富集的特征;多数情况下土壤与茶叶间元素含量相关性差,说明茶树对土壤元素的吸收累积受到多种复杂因素的影响。研究表明茶叶与土壤Pb、Cr具有显著正相关性,为建立铅污染土壤生态效应预测评价模型提供了基础依据。 相似文献
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福建省浦城县是水稻和薏米的重要产区,土壤环境质量和有益营养元素的含量直接影响农作物的产量和品质。基于福建省浦城县1: 5万比例尺土壤地球化学调查成果,依据相关标准和规范对研究区土壤植物生长必需营养元素、重金属环境质量和植物生长有益元素Se进行了评价,为研究区优质土地开发、特色农产品种植、高标准农田建设等提供了科学依据。评价结果表明: 植物生长必需大量元素有机质、N及碱解氮总体处于丰富—适中状态,P总体处于适中—缺乏状态,速效磷处于缺乏—很缺乏状态,K及速效钾含量丰富; 植物生长必需中量元素S的分布情况主要以丰富—适中为主; 植物生长必需微量元素Fe、B、Mn处于很缺乏状态,Mo的分布主要以很丰富—丰富为主,Zn和Cl的分布主要以很丰富—丰富为主; 植物生长有益元素Se总体处于适量状态,富硒土壤面积为6.41 km2。整体而言,浦城县土壤重金属元素达到了一等土壤环境质量标准,具备发展绿色农产品的土壤环境生态条件。 相似文献
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桂东南荔枝生长营养元素农业地球化学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
桂东南是中国重要的荔枝产区,以梧州地区为例,重点对沙头和古凤两处荔枝种植园进行了生态地球化学调查,采集了荔枝园施肥圈内、外土壤,出露的代表性基岩,以及荔枝叶、青果和熟果样品,实测了大量和微量矿质元素、稀土元素,以及土壤营养元素有效态的含量。通过计算荔枝对土壤营养元素的吸收率及荔枝生长与结果期对营养元素的需求,查明本区荔枝生长的特征营养元素为Ca、K、Mg、Mn、P、Zn、Cu、B、Fe和REE。荔枝结果期的特需营养元素为P、Mg、Mo、Cu、Zn、Ko荔枝结果早和晚期特需元素分别为Ca、Si、B和Cu、Fe、K。在岩石-土壤-荔枝株生态循环系统中,本区营养元素在土壤中保持一定的积累,提供荔枝生长的需求,因此为荔枝宜种区;但全区土壤B缺乏,Zn、Mo局部不足。Ca、K、Zn在两区岩石土壤中分布不同,可能是造成沙头荔枝比古凤荔枝迟熟的主要农业地球化学因素。研究区有害元素Pb、Cd在土壤中积累是值得关注的土壤环境问题。 相似文献
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铁岭市东部山区野生经济植物榛子营养元素地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对辽宁省铁岭市东部山区野生经济植物榛子样品中的常量营养元素P、K、Ca、Na、Mg、S,14种营养微量元素和稀土元素含量进行了分析.结果表明,本区的榛子样品其主量元素化学特征属K > P > Ca型,其中Na元素含量变异系数最大,为44.27.微量元素含量水平均在植物元素含量正常值变化范围内,由高到低,元素含量排列顺序为;Mn > Si > Fe > Zn > B > Cu > Ni > F > Cr > Mo > Co > Se > I > V.其中,V元素变异系数最大,为93.18.稀土元素总量∑REE（平均值）为29.66×10-9,属低含量.元素相关性分析表明,元素K与Na、Mg,S与Mg、Ca,P与K、Na、Mg、Ca,Fe与Mn,Co与Mn,Cu与Zn之间,在0.01水平都表现出极显著的正相关,反映这些元素之间的吸收积累有很好的协同作用. 相似文献
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文章对采自贵州从低海拔的东部到高海拔的西部且大致平行的石灰岩和砂岩两地带均生长的3种C4草本植物,即巴茅(Miscanthusfloridulus)、白茅(Imperatacylindrica)和类芦(Neyraudiareynaudiana),以及相对应的土壤表层样品,进行了营养元素和C同位素组成分析;研究营养元素含量随着海拔的不同而出现的变化趋势,以及这些元素之间的相互协变作用,尤其是Ca和N之间的相互协变作用对植物的N含量、C/N比值和δ13C值的影响,以了解植物的C/N比值(指示植物残留物质量的一种标志)与土壤有机C积累的关系。研究结果表明,植物的N含量和δ13C值具有随海拔的上升而显著增大趋势,而植物的C/N比值在砂岩地区虽有减小的趋势,在石灰岩地带则没有。对所研究的C4草本植物来说,在土壤pH值为5.8的中性条件下显示出Ca的最大吸收,因此,Ca与其他营养元素之间的协变模式在两种土壤类型中表现出相反的倾向,并存在土壤交换性Ca的边界浓度:当土壤可交换性Ca的含量为2.24mg/g,相应土壤的pH值在5.8以下时,随着土壤可交换性Ca浓度的增大,植物的N含量上升,而植物的C/N比值会显著降低;当Ca在边界浓度以上时,随着土壤可交换性Ca浓度的增大,植物的N含量下降,而植物的C/N比值有增加的趋势。由此可见,植物残留物的N含量和C/N比值受Ca元素含量的相 相似文献
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福建省是中国杨梅重要产地,其中龙海市浮宫杨梅因其独特品质而名扬海外,是当地的名特优农产品。以龙海杨梅产地为研究区,系统采集了35套岩石-土壤-杨梅果实样品,测定了主量组分、植物营养有益元素、有害元素以及土壤部分营养元素有效态含量。研究表明：受地质背景影响,浮宫镇及其周边杨梅产地土壤中植物营养有益元素的有效度及其有效量普遍高于东泗镇,而有害元素含量较低,为浮宫杨梅的优质高产、富硒杨梅产出提供了地质地球化学条件;土壤中植物营养元素P、Mn、Cu、Zn、S有效态含量与其全量显著正相关;研究区岩石、土壤Se含量均远高于全国平均水平,采集的35件杨梅果实样品富硒率高达74.3%;植物营养有益元素的富集系数明显高于有害元素,显示出杨梅对营养有益元素的选择性吸收以及对有害元素的阻遏作用。 相似文献
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土壤、农作物中及家畜体内的微量营养元素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Umesh C.Gupta Wu Kening Liang Siyuan 《地学前缘》2008,15(5):110-125
微量营养元素通常富集在表层土壤中,其含量随土层深度递减。尽管土壤中大多数微量元素的含量很高,但只有一小部分能被植物吸收。微量营养元素,也被称为痕迹元素,所需数量微小,但其缺乏会对农作物生产和动物健康造成严重影响。农作物对不同微量营养元素有着不同的反应。芸苔和豆类对Mo和B有较高的响应度,而玉米和其他谷类对Zn和Cu较为敏感。在温润和湿热地区,由于强降雨和强淋溶作用,微量营养元素缺乏较为普遍。土壤pH值是影响微量营养元素对植物有效性的重要因素之一。除Mo以外,微量营养元素的有效性随pH的增加而减小,Mo的有效性随pH的增加而增加。对于大多数植物来说,叶片中的微量营养元素含量高于植物的其他部分。因此,可以用叶片作为样品来测定农作物中微量营养元素的含量。大多数微量营养元素缺乏表现在植物顶部的新叶上,而过量则表现在老叶上。根据Deckers和Steinnes的结论,土壤较为贫瘠的发展中国家与土壤肥沃的欧洲及北美地区相比,微量营养元素缺乏现象较为普遍。许多营养元素缺乏区位于潮湿的热带地区,土壤极度贫瘠、高度风化和/或强淋溶,营养元素十分匮乏。此类其他土壤分部于半干旱及毗邻地区,这些地区的碱性和石灰性土壤条件严重限制了微量营养素对植物的供给。通常,可以满足草料作物生长的Cu、 Fe、Mn、 Zn 、Se含量水平,却不能满足家畜的需要。Se是植物生长所不需要的微量元素,因此草料作物中Se的含量很少。然而,如果动物所食农作物和草料中Se含量偏低,会造成严重的肌肉异常和其他疾病。白肌病是最常见的由于Se缺乏造成的疾病,在牛犊和羔羊中都有发现。本文讨论了与动物需求相关的农作物微量营养元素充足度。 相似文献
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As、Cd和Pb植物根系吸收途径和影响因素研究现状与进展 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
环境中的毒性元素被植物吸收后,不仅危害植物生长,还会通过生物链的传递危害人类健康。植物吸收毒性元素有根、茎、叶三种途径,其中根系吸收最为重要。明晰毒性元素进入根细胞的途径和影响因素,有助于阻控其进入植物,降低食用风险。近年来,在毒性元素根系吸收途径研究领域,国际上主要开展了吸收动力学过程、转运蛋白识别和外界环境作用机制研究。本文从根系对As、Cd、Pb的吸收途径和影响因素两个方面,对植物利用转运蛋白和离子通道跨膜转运过程、根际环境与共存元素的影响等进行了评述,并认为在分子尺度下开展毒性元素细胞吸收动态过程、细胞响应机制和根际多因素作用机理研究是该领域未来发展方向,同时推测As(Ⅲ)的外排机制与P类似,且Pb2+利用了Ca2+通道转运至木质部。 相似文献
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阿拉善北部查干础鲁—霍尔森蛇绿混杂岩带地质地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
查干础鲁—霍尔森蛇绿混杂岩带(CHOM)位于内蒙古阿拉善北部,它代表了一个消失了的边缘海。CHOM整体上北东东向延伸,由一系列向北逆冲推覆的叠瓦状构造岩片组成。可根据变形和产出特征划分出不同类型的构造岩块和基质。超镁铁质岩MgO/(MgO+FeO)平均比值为0.83,可区分成变质橄榄岩和堆积岩。辉长岩属LREE亏损型,地球化学特征相当于堆积辉长岩。玄武岩主元素特征类似于正常的大洋中脊玄武岩(N—MORB),但微量和稀土元素地球化学特征表明更接近于异常的大洋中脊玄武岩(E-MORB)。沉积于弧后盆地的碎屑岩其物质来源主要是火山弧。本文指出,查干础鲁—霍尔森边缘海是在华北古陆北缘西段破裂的背景上形成的,这个边缘海在晚二叠世—三叠纪初闭合。 相似文献
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Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and uptake by plant species with phytoremediation potential 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
J. Nouri N. Khorasani B. Lorestani M. Karami A. H. Hassani N. Yousefi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(2):315-323
Contamination of heavy metals represents one of the most pressing threats to water and soil resources, as well as human health.
Phytoremediation can be potentially used to remediate metal contaminated sites. In this study, concentrations of copper, zinc,
iron, and magnesium accumulated by native plant species were determined in field conditions of Hame Kasi iron and copper mine
in the central part of Iran in Hamadan province. The results showed that metal accumulation by plants differed among species
and tissue bodies. Species grown in substrata with elevated metals contained significantly higher metals in plants. Metals
accumulated by plants were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance exists
widely amongst them. The mentioned species could accumulate relatively higher metal concentrations far above the toxic concentration
in the plant shoots. With high translocation factor, metal concentration ratio of plant shoots to roots indicates internal
detoxification metal tolerance mechanism; thus, they have potential for phytoextraction. The factors affecting metal accumulation
by plant species including metal concentrations, pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient status in substrata were measured.
Mostly, concentrations of zinc and copper in both aboveground and underground tissues of the plants were significantly, positively
related to their total in substrata, while iron, zinc, and copper were negatively correlated to soil phosphorus. 相似文献
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Florian Cobert Pascale Bourgeade Pierre-Marie Badot Peter Stille 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(19):5467-5482
Hydroponic experiments have been performed in order to identify the co-occurring geochemical and biological processes affecting the Ca isotopic compositions within plants. To test the influence of the Ca concentration and pH of the nutritive solution on the Ca isotopic composition of the different plant organs, four experimental conditions were chosen combining two different Ca concentrations (5 and 60 ppm) and two pHs (4 and 6). The study was performed on rapid growing bean plants in order to have a complete growth cycle. Several organs (root, stem, leaf, reproductive) were sampled at two different growth stages (10 days and 6 weeks of culture) and prepared for Ca isotopic measurements.The results allow to identify three Ca isotopic fractionation levels. The first one takes place when Ca enters the lateral roots, during Ca adsorption on cation-exchange binding sites in the apoplasm. The second one takes place when Ca is bound to the polygalacturonic acids (pectins) of the middle lamella of the xylem cell wall. Finally, the last fractionation occurs in the reproductive organs, also caused by cation-exchange processes with pectins. However, the cell wall structures of these organs and/or number of available exchange sites seem to be different to those of the xylem wall. These three physico-chemical fractionation mechanisms allow to enrich the organs in the light 40Ca isotope. The amplitude of the Ca isotopic fractionation within plant organs is highly dependent on the composition of the nutritive solution: low pH (4) and Ca concentrations (5 ppm) have no effect on the biomass increase of the plants but induce smaller fractionation amplitudes compared to those obtained from other experimental conditions. Thus, Ca isotopic signatures of bean plants are controlled by the external nutritive medium. This study highlights the potential of Ca isotopes to be applied in plant physiology (to identify Ca uptake, circulation and storage mechanisms within plants) and in biogeochemistry (to identify Ca recycling, Ca content and pH evolutions in soil solutions through time). 相似文献
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农业土壤除了pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾有全量评价标准外,多目标地球化学调查提供的其他营养和有益元素均无全量评价标准。文章采用耕作地土壤的背景值和标准离差以及与全国土壤丰度的比值确定了其他13种营养和有益元素的丰缺分级评价标准。提出了土壤养分丰缺综合评价方法,将19种土壤养分指标分成土壤性质指标、一级营养元素指标、二级营养元素指标及微量营养和有益元素指标,其贡献总分值分别为30分、40分、15分和15分,组成类型的单指标总分值与该类型贡献总分值相同,根据丰缺分级评价标准和各单指标含量,计算单指标分值。采用算术平均值法计算4种类型指标的分值,以4种类型指标分值和的大小作为评价土壤全量养分丰缺的依据。应用该评价体系对福建沿海地区农业土壤养分状况进行评价,旨在为农业土壤区划提供参考依据。另外,文章还分析了影响土壤养分丰缺的因素,提出了土壤的pH值和SiO2含量是影响土壤养分丰缺的重要因素,其次还有地质背景因素、人类活动叠加因素、沉积作用环境因素和气候环境因素等。 相似文献
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现代植物植硅体化学组成研究有利于揭示植硅体的化学组成与细胞形态、植物种类及植物生长环境之间的关系,认识植硅体形成机制、植物分类及生态意义。植硅体化学组成测试方法多种多样,主要涉及植硅体化学元素组成及Si、O和C元素同位素组成测定,研究表明植硅体主要含二氧化硅和水,封闭有少量的有机成分及多种矿质元素。在植硅体封闭有机成分存在形式,部分元素的形成、迁移等循环机理,稳定碳同位素组成、分布及其生态指示意义以及^14C测年研究等方面取得一定认识。植物种类、组织部位、细胞微环境以及植物生长的环境因子能够影响植硅体的化学组成。植硅体化学组成研究对植硅体形成机制及碳、硅等元素循环具有重要意义,植硅体部分化学元素、植硅体稳定同位素组成及^14C测年具有较好的古环境及考古研究潜力。现代植物植硅体化学组成及其与环境因子的关系,以及植硅体电子探针微区研究有待于进一步深入开展。 相似文献
17.
Soil and stream sediment sampling have been the primary geochemical exploration tools in the Appalachian piedmont to date. However, the great thicknesses of soil and saprolite found in the region coupled with the dense vegetation frequently encountered favor biogeochemistry as an alternative or supplemental method since deep-rooted plants sample closer to bedrock. To evaluate this method, an orientation survey was performed in which soils and vegetation at 17 sites north of Mineral, Virginia, were sampled and analyzed for Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The traverse included stations over the host rocks of massive sulfide mineralization, as well as over apparent “barren” country rock. Samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using standard digestion and analytical techniques.Both A- and B-horizon soil metals generally appear to be reliable indicators of mineralization, with soils developed over sulfides showing up to three-fold enrichment in metal content relative to the average soils developed on the country rock. Correlation of metal concentrations in vegetation to soil metal concentrations reveal plant concentrations expressed on a dry-weight basis correlate stronger and more frequently to soil metals than do ash-weight concentrations. Copper shows some promise in selected organs and species, Ag appears fair but data are limited to one organ of one species, and plant Pb seems totally unresponsive to soil metal concentrations perhaps because foliar absorption is an important plant uptake mechanism here. However, Zn and Cd in organs of the oak group, especially mature leaves and twigs of the current year's growth show the greatest promise as prospecting tools. They correlate well with soil metals and when compared directly to the geology they reliably reflect mineralization. Although results using White oak were slightly less profound than those obtained from the Black-Red oak group, White oak may be preferred as it is a single, more widespread, easily-identifiable species. Copper and especially Zn although essential elements to plants, do not appear to be “difficult” elements for biogeochemical prospecting in the Appalachian piedmont. 相似文献
18.
The nutritive quality in plant organs is related to the different partitioning patterns of nutrient resources among the organs under various environmental conditions. This study examined the relationship between the nutritive quality of pods and seeds in Zanthoxylum and environmental factors, such as temperature and preciptation by using numerous samples collected from Southwest China to the East China of Shandong peninsula. The increasing accumulations of N, P and C in seeds implied that the nutritive quality in seeds was higher at the regions with relative higher mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), while that in pods was on the contrary. By contrast, pod nutritive content was relatively high, but seed nutritive content was relatively low at the regions with relative high MAT and MAP. In addition, C:N ratio in pods was significantly and negatively correlated with MAT and MAP, while that in seed was significantly and positively correlated with MAT and MAP. The partitioning patterns of N-compounds between pods and seeds reflected different nitrogen translocations in the plant organs under various climate condition. The N:P ratios were negatively correlated with MAP, implying a higher proportional allocation of P to seeds than that of N in the areas with a relative high MAP. Therefore, the strategies to assess pod nutritional quality should be taken into account for nutritive translocation under various environmental conditions. 相似文献