共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 17 毫秒
1.
Roman Breuer Hani Sewilam Heribert Nacken Christiane Pyka 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(2):93
Based on the experience gained with SeCom2.0, we will explain the impact of game-based learning and provide an overview of the current use of Serious Games in teaching flood risk management in Germany. SeCom2.0 is a collaborative learning platform, which deals with a flood situation in Cologne. The use of Serious Games in flood risk management is still limited due to many factors. The article will give a deeper insight into the SeCom2.0 project, explaining the pedagogical design and the development. We will cover the pitfalls and possible suggestions for further development to facilitate wider use of such games by adapting the settings to local conditions. This article will also describe how a Serious Game can support lifelong learning for students and employees involved in flood risk management. The key components, design patterns and structure of or SeCom2.0 are described, along with ideas to implement selected topics in flood risk management in an engaging gaming environment. 相似文献
2.
淮河流域水资源问题与建议 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
淮河流域社会经济进入快速发展期,水安全将面临更大的压力与挑战。调查总结了淮河流域水资源工程体系建设成就,分析了水资源现状和存在的问题;围绕全流域水资源配置和管理,提出增加洪水资源和再生水利用,新建和扩建水资源拦蓄工程及跨流域跨区域调水工程,建立水资源及水环境实时调度管理系统,实行区域用水总量控制制度,进一步加强水资源及水环境重大问题的关键技术研究等,为淮河流域经济社会又好又快发展提供支撑与保障。 相似文献
3.
Mohammad Imran Malik M. Sultan Bhat Shahnaz Ahmad Najar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(6):716-726
The valley of Kashmir is blessed with abundant water resources. However, high population growth and concentration of population at favorable locations have resulted in increased demand for water. The problem is further aggravated in Lidder catchment where unplanned tourism development has resulted in deterioration of water quality. Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) approach is adopted using IRS P6 LISS III satellite data 2010, geological map published by Geological Survey of India, toposheets prepared by Survey of India, 1961 and field observation. Seven thematic layers (slope, lineament density, drainage density, soil, geology, geomorphology and land use land cover) are generated in GIS environment and weighted according to their relative relevance to groundwater occurrence. Knowledge-based weights and ranks are normalized, and a weighted linear combination technique is adopted to determine the groundwater potential (GWP). The catchment is divided into five zones of very high, high, medium, low and very low GWP. The results show that 50.22% of the total catchment area, which is uninhabited, has very low GWP. However, the densely populated southern part of the catchment has moderate to very high GWP. The study demonstrates that MCE using remote sensing and GIS technology could be efficiently employed as a very useful tool for the assessment and management of groundwater resources especially in regions where data is poor. 相似文献
4.
Groundwater resources in the semi-arid regions of southern India are under immense pressure due to large-scale groundwater abstraction vis-à-vis meager rainfall recharge. Therefore, understanding and evaluating the spatial distribution of groundwater is essential for viable utilization of the resource. Here, we assess groundwater potential at the watershed scale, in a semi-arid environment with crystalline aquifer system without a perennial surface water source using remote sensing, geophysical, and GIS-based integrated multi-parameter approach. GIS-based weighed overlay analysis is performed with input parameters, viz., geology, geomorphology, lineament density, land use, soil, drainage density, slope, and aquifer thickness. The watershed is categorized into four zones, namely, “very good” (GWP4), “good” (GWP3), “moderate” (GWP2), and “low” (GWP1) in terms of groundwater potential. Overall, ~?70% of the study area falls under moderate to low groundwater potential, indicating a serious threat to the future availability of the resource. Therefore, serious measures are required for maintaining aquifer resilience in this over-exploited aquifer (e.g., restricting groundwater withdrawal from GWP1 and GWP2 zones). Further, as the aquifer is under tremendous anthropogenic pressure, rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge during monsoon are advocated for sustainable aquifer management. Due to the direct dependence of crop production vis-à-vis farmer economy on groundwater, this study is an important step towards sustainable groundwater management and can be applied in diverse hydrological terrains. 相似文献
5.
Rebecca L. Schneider 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(1):117-125
Water scarcity is a becoming a critical issue globally, driven largely by the demands of an exponentially growing human population
and complicated by the impacts of climate change on the amounts and distribution of precipitation. It is also due to mismanagement
as scarce water resources are being used simultaneously for irrigation, power generation, public and industrial water supply,
flood reduction, and wastewater disposal without consideration of the cumulative impacts to the water resources themselves.
This paper outlines eight ecologically based principles and associated guidelines as the basis for integrated and watershed-based
management of the world’s water resources. 相似文献
6.
Deng-Hua Yan Jing Feng Chuan-Zhe Li Tian-Ling Qin Bai-Sha Weng Xin Jin 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(1):577-592
This paper focused on the development of a framework for collective water resources management in China to meet the change of drought and flood. Based on the observational data of drought and flood from 1950 to 2009 and the precipitation from 1961 to 2010, using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method, the evolutionary characteristic of drought and flood was analyzed. The results showed that drought and flood occurred frequently, simultaneous occurrences of drought and flood and the rapid shift between the two were increasing. The framework for collective strategies responding to drought and flood under this ever-changing environment was presented. A series of potential mitigation, prevention, and adaptation strategies were discussed. These included both planning and implementation side strategies. In regard to planning, the strategies for dealing with drought and flood should be shifted from crisis management to collective management, unifying normal and emergency management. Combination risk zoning of drought and flood should be conducted and collective emergency planning should be formulated. Moreover, the regulation capability of water conservancy projects group should be optimized to the highest possible level. In regard to implementation, based on the water resources collective management, rational water allocation for both normal and extreme value processes should be implemented. The water conservancy project groups for the extreme value process should work together, and the flood limit water level of reservoirs should be controlled dynamically. 相似文献
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8.
海河流域洪水资源利用评价研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给流域洪水资源利用合理性评价提供基本的阈值标准,有效协调洪水资源利用与河流生态环境保护和流域防洪安全的关系,建立了流域洪水资源利用评价的基本框架.指出洪水资源利用评价应解决洪水资源量计算、洪水资源利用水平分析、洪水资源可利用量评价和洪水资源利用潜力评估四个基本问题.在对洪水资源利用量、洪水资源可利用量、洪水资源利用潜力等基本概念进行系统阐述的基础上,建立了流域洪水资源利用的评价方法.根据所建立的基本概念和评估方法,对1980～2006年海河流域及4个二级区的洪水资源利用状况及合理性进行了全面评价.结果表明,1980～2006年海河流域平均年洪水资源可利用量和利用潜力分别为62.8亿m~3和5.35亿m~3.海河流域洪水资源利用总体而言处于比较不合理的状态,洪水资源利用量频繁超过洪水资源可利用量,洪水资源利用潜力不大.多数年份洪水资源利用量超过了河道内必要需水量允许的限度,少数丰水年份超过了流域洪水资源调控利用能力的范围.今后,海河流域洪水资源利用合理性的提高,需要逐步调整目前洪水资源利用主要集中于山区的空间格局,提高平原区洪水资源调控利用能力,有效保障洪水期河道内必要需水量. 相似文献
9.
Bracken L. J. Oughton E. A. Donaldson A. Cook B. Forrester J. Spray C. Cinderby S. Passmore D. Bissett N. 《Natural Hazards》2016,82(2):217-240
River flooding is a serious hazard in the UK with interest driven by recent widespread events. This paper reviews different approaches to flood risk management and the borders (physical, conceptual and organisational) that are involved. The paper showcases a multi-method approach to negotiating flood risk management interventions. We address three fundamental issues around flood risk management: differences and similarities between a variety of approaches; how different approaches work across borders between professionals, lay people, organisations and between different planning regimes; and, whether the science evidence base is adequate to support different types of flood risk management. We explore these issues through a case study on the River Tweed using Q methodology, community mapping and focus groups, participatory GIS, and interviews, which enabled co-production of knowledge around possible interventions to manage flooding. Our research demonstrated that excellent networks of practice exist to make decisions about flood risk management in the Scottish–English borders. Physical and organisational borders were continually traversed in practice. There was an overwhelming desire from professional flood managers and local communities for an alternative to simply structural methods of flood management. People were keen to make use of the ability of catchments to store water, even if land needed to be sacrificed to do so. There was no difference in the desire to embrace natural flood management approaches between people with different roles in flood management, expertise, training or based in different locations. Thus conceptual borders were also crossed effectively in practice. 相似文献
10.
Operational flood prediction and flood risk assessment have become important components of flood management. One main aspect is the reliability assessment of the flood defence line during a flood event. This is generally performed by a comparison of the water level in the river to the crest height of the dikes whilst taking only hydraulic and geometric aspects into account. Additional information about material zones and material parameters are often available. However, these data are not in an appropriate shape when deriving the reliability of the flood defence line. This paper outlines how the fragility curve of a dike section is used to appropriately integrate geostatic and geohydraulic dike characteristics into operational flood management systems. Fragility curves are the result of a model-based reliability analysis and they summarise the dike performance depending on the water level. Failure modes such as piping or slope failure are included. In a case study, fragility curves for dike sections along the River Emscher (Germany) are determined. Their practical implementation in an operational flood management system shows an improvement in the operational reliability assessment due to the additional information taken into account. The use of fragility curves also supports the decision-making processes when emergency flood protection measures are required. 相似文献
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基于海河流域“96·8”洪水,挖掘沧州市洪水资源利用潜力,因地制宜地建立洪水资源利用系统,弥补资源性缺水问题。并制定洪水资源利用措施及相关的洪水资源利用风险模式,探讨区域洪水资源利用的新途径,使洪水资源利用达到安全、高效运行。 相似文献
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14.
敦煌西土沟沙漠洪水资源开发利用模式及成效分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
收集研究区域内雨量站历年降水量资料,水文站历年径流系列资料以及历年最大洪峰流量、洪水总量成果资料及西土沟敦煌沙漠水文实验研究站实测水文资料,调查该区域内洪水沟道的历史最大洪水。用水文学原理和方法对洪峰流量和洪水总量变化规律进行统计分析,结合敦煌西土沟流域灾害综合治理工程实施情况估算区域水资源可利用量,提出沙漠洪水资源开发利用新模式。结果表明:西土沟流域洪水灾害综合治理工程的实施探索出导流+分洪+工程防护的洪水资源开发利用模式、拦蓄洪水产生地下径流利用模式和沙漠冷水虹鳟鱼养殖到葡萄种植的区域水资源重复利用模式;有效遏制了研究区内沙漠的进一步推进并可显著增加流域内可利用水资源量,实现了区域生态治理与经济发展的良性循环。 相似文献
15.
Water resources management is an important driver in social and economic development. Water shortage is one of the most critical issues threatening human welfare, public health, and ecosystems. This issue has turned into a major challenge in many river basins all around the world due to the imbalance in water supply and demand. Use of simulation models can be effective tools in providing water managers with scientifically supported decisions in dealing with complex and uncertain water resource systems. System dynamics approach serves as a management tool and may play an important role in understanding the cause–effect in water resources systems. In the present study, system dynamics approach was applied to simulate management strategies dealing with Tehran metropolitan water resources systems. In the developed model, the trend of water storage in the next 30-year period and the effectiveness of water supply strategies were simulated. The results showed that, despite the growing shortage of the water resources, optimal use of existing resources under appropriate strategies could reduce water deficit within the next 30 years. 相似文献
16.
Many countries across the world are experiencing strict austerity measures due to the economic crisis. As a consequence, public financing for stand-alone adaptation to flooding and drought will become scarcer in the (near) future, and this hampers the pursuit of resilience (i.e. the ability to remain functioning under a range of hazard magnitudes). In such times, key challenges for adaptation are further complicated by weaker investment dynamics and an increased tendency to ‘work in silos’. These are: to minimise regret with respect to maladaptation, which results from over- or under-investment in water hazard management; to exploit the opportunities for mainstreaming adaptation to flooding and drought into other investment agendas; and to deliver multiple benefits for society and the economy, such as increased biodiversity, liveability and competitiveness. These common challenges drive the best way in which to adapt to uncertain climate and socio-economic changes. In the Netherlands, the Delta Programme has developed and applied a structured and well-defined approach (called Adaptive Delta Management) for including and acting upon uncertainty around these future changes. This approach allows for greater transparency to decision-makers and stakeholders, because it adheres to four specific steps for strategy development. This paper presents the current understanding of Adaptive Delta Management and an illustration of the approach for the management of flood risk and resilience in Dordrecht. It examines the added value and limitations of Adaptive Delta Management concerning its application in the context of the Delta Programme, with a specific emphasis on the lessons learned from Dordrecht. 相似文献
17.
Self-protective behavior by residents of flood-prone urban areas can reduce monetary flood damage by 80%, and reduce the need
for public risk management. But, research on the determinants of private households’ prevention of damage by natural hazards
is rare, especially in Germany. To answer the question of why some people take precautionary action while others do not, a
socio-psychological model based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is developed, explaining private precautionary damage
prevention by residents’ perceptions of previous flood experience, risk of future floods, reliability of public flood protection,
the efficacy and costs of self-protective behavior, their perceived ability to perform these actions, and non-protective responses
like wishful thinking. The validity of the proposed model is explored by means of representative quantitative telephone surveys
and regression analyses, and compared with a socio-economic model (including residents’ age, gender, income, school degree
and being owner or tenant). Participants were 157 residents of flood-prone homes in Cologne, Germany, a city that has traditionally
been subject to minor and major flood events. Results of the study show the explanatory power of the socio-psychological model,
with important implications for public risk communication efforts. To motivate residents in flood-prone areas to take their
share in damage prevention, it is essential to communicate not only the risk of flooding and its potential consequences, but
also the possibility, effectiveness and cost of private precautionary measures. 相似文献
18.
中国水资源整体宏观短缺,干旱与洪涝灾害并存,且近年来极端水文事件发生频率加大,北方水资源衰减趋势明显,形势严峻。基于中国基本水情,结合在雨洪水利用、水资源战略储备以及储水空间利用等方面进行的需水侧水文水资源常态管理和应急管理探索与实践,提出了建立水资源常态与应急统合管理概念,即:立足于自然水文的年内与年际整体过程,将正常状态下的水资源管理和非正常状态下的应急管理有机结合起来,实施基于自然水循环系统全过程调控的水资源管理,从而实现将水资源开发利用、防洪除涝和抗旱减灾等有机融合,提升水循环调控效率,增强水安全保障程度。 相似文献
19.
根据水文观测和引水与水电开发资料,分析了大通河流域水能水资源开发利用现状及其对河流水文过程与生态环境的影响.结果表明：由于区域用水和跨流域引水,使大通河中下游河道的水量减少,水环境容量减小,其中,青石嘴、天堂、连城(二)站3-11月平均流量分别减少0.6%~9.6%、0.5%~3.8%、1.7%~52.9%. 自1994年引大入秦工程建成跨流域引水后,连城(二)站年径流量开始减少,1994-2010年平均径流量比1977-1993年减少了5.7%;引大济湟工程建成通水后,加上引大入秦和引硫济金工程,引水总量将达到12.33×108 m3,占大通河多年平均径流量28.16×108 m3的43.8%,对河川径流的影响十分显著. 至2011年,大通河上已建成梯级电站34座,洪水期电站同时泄水会瞬间加大河道流量,枯水期蓄引水又使减水河段水量减少. 梯级水电站群无序蓄放水使洪水过程由天然的平稳状态转变为人工干预的剧烈变化状态,上下游洪峰不对应,对下游地区的防洪安全产生极大威胁. 过度的水能水资源开发,使大通河中下游部分自然河段出现淹没、断流,水生物和两岸的植物萎缩,水环境污染加重,对生态环境产生负面影响. 建议实行流域水资源统一管理,对梯级电站下泄水量统一调度,在减水河段预留必须的生态基流,确保河道内外生态用水;加强河道水位、流量、泥沙、水环境、水生物监测,为流域防汛、水资源管理、生态环境保护等提供决策依据. 相似文献
20.
Gersonius B. Rijke J. Ashley R. Bloemen P. Kelder E. Zevenbergen C. 《Natural Hazards》2015,82(2):201-216
Many countries across the world are experiencing strict austerity measures due to the economic crisis. As a consequence, public financing for stand-alone adaptation to flooding and drought will become scarcer in the (near) future, and this hampers the pursuit of resilience (i.e. the ability to remain functioning under a range of hazard magnitudes). In such times, key challenges for adaptation are further complicated by weaker investment dynamics and an increased tendency to ‘work in silos’. These are: to minimise regret with respect to maladaptation, which results from over- or under-investment in water hazard management; to exploit the opportunities for mainstreaming adaptation to flooding and drought into other investment agendas; and to deliver multiple benefits for society and the economy, such as increased biodiversity, liveability and competitiveness. These common challenges drive the best way in which to adapt to uncertain climate and socio-economic changes. In the Netherlands, the Delta Programme has developed and applied a structured and well-defined approach (called Adaptive Delta Management) for including and acting upon uncertainty around these future changes. This approach allows for greater transparency to decision-makers and stakeholders, because it adheres to four specific steps for strategy development. This paper presents the current understanding of Adaptive Delta Management and an illustration of the approach for the management of flood risk and resilience in Dordrecht. It examines the added value and limitations of Adaptive Delta Management concerning its application in the context of the Delta Programme, with a specific emphasis on the lessons learned from Dordrecht.
相似文献