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1.
Bing Liu Heling Jin Liangying Sun Zhizhu Su Zhong Sun Shuang Zhao Yunfa Miao 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(6):1699-1710
The history of climate change and related driving mechanisms of the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, was reconstructed in the Holocene epoch, based on the comprehensive analysis of multi-proxies consisting of magnetic susceptibility, grain size, and geochemical elements from eolian and peat deposits at different altitudes. The results indicate that Holocene climate change at different altitudes is both consistent and different: a synchronous record of an increased warm–humid phase (10.0–8.5 ka) and a cold phase around 8.2 ka in the Early Holocene; an optimal warm–humid condition in marginal mountains of the Gonghe Basin in the Mid-Holocene; and a gradual decline in temperature and humidity in the Late Holocene. The Gonghe Basin interior in the Mid-Holocene was relatively arid, with increased moisture in the Late Holocene. On this basis, we compared our results to the paleoclimatic record in the low-latitude Asian monsoonal region, which indicates that, in addition to the Asian summer monsoonal strength having influenced regional climate change, the upward and subsidence motion of airflow over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau induced by topographic conditions, evaporation, and the feedback effect by the substrate was also influential. The latter was especially important for spatial–temporal differences in Middle and Late Holocene climatic changes at different altitudes. 相似文献
2.
近40a来江河源区生态环境变化的气候特征分析 总被引：69，自引：12，他引：57
利用月气象资料,对过去40a江河源气候变化特征进行分析,并与全球、全国、青藏高原进行了比较.结果表明:江河源区气温具有增暖趋势,近40a两地年平均气温分别增加约0.8℃和0.7℃,为高原异常变暖区.黄河源区变暖的主要特征是最低气温变暖,日照时数增加;最低、最高气温的显著变暖,以及较黄河源区增加更长的日照时数是长江源区变暖的主要特征.长江源区冬季变暖的作用不是主要的,春季、夏季和秋季的变暖作用比冬季还要大;黄河源区的变暖也并不主要是冬季变暖造成的,秋季变暖的作用与其相当,其它季节的变暖作用也不能忽视.近40a来江河源区降水量略有增加,主要体现在20世纪80年代中后期以来春季与冬季降水量的明显增加,夏季降水量虽然总体上没有明显变化,且局地夏季降水量呈持续减少趋势.与全球、全国以及高原区对比显示,江河源区对全球气候变暖的响应最敏感,变暖首先从长江源和整个高原发端,之后15a.黄河源和全国才进入显著温暖期.黄河源与长江源北部降水量的增加表明,气候变暖有利于高原增加降水量. 相似文献
3.
Li Zhang HuaDong Guo CuiZhen Wang Lei Ji Jing Li Kun Wang Lin Dai 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(6):1827-1841
The increased rate of annual temperature in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau exceeded all other areas of the same latitude in recent decades. The influence of the warming climate on the alpine ecosystem of the plateau was distinct. An analysis of alpine vegetation under changes in climatic conditions was conducted in this study. This was done through an examination of vegetation greenness and its relationship with climate variability using the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite imagery and climate datasets. Vegetation in the plateau experienced a positive trend in greenness, with 18.0 % of the vegetated areas exhibiting significantly positive trends, which were primarily located in the eastern and southwestern parts of the plateau. In grasslands, 25.8 % of meadows and 14.1 % of steppes exhibited significant upward trends. In contrast, the broadleaf forests experienced a trend of degradation. Temperature, particularly summer temperature, was the primary factor promoting the vegetation growth in the plateau. The wetter and warmer climate in the east contributed to the favorable conditions for vegetation. The alpine meadow was mostly sensitive to temperature, while the steppes were sensitive to both temperature and precipitation. Although a warming climate was expected to be beneficial to vegetation growth in the alpine region, the rising temperature coupled with reduced precipitation in the south did not favor vegetation growth due to low humidity and poor soil moisture conditions. 相似文献
4.
Eco-environmental effects of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift during the Quaternary in China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau uplifted >3000 m in the Quaternary period. The average rate of uplift was 1–1.1 mm/year. The uplifting
has remolded the geomorphology of China. The landform in China was changed from west-low and east-high to west-high and east-low
in three steps. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift is an important factor that affected the climate and the environment of China
in the Quaternary period. It controls atmospheric circulation and climatic change in Asia and even the northern hemisphere,
by dividing the westerlies into two branches: south and north. The plateau gradually became a heat source in summer and a
cold source in winter. The uplift had a decisive effect on the formation of the East-Asia monsoon, which increased the climatic
differences between the glacial period and the interglacial period. The climate and environment of China are characterized
by the influences of the plateau uplift. The east of China became the south-east monsoon area, whereas the south-west became
the south-west monsoon area and the north-west turned into an arid inland region. The Gobi and large-scale deserts that formed
in the inland basins are ceaselessly extending. The climate of northern China became more arid as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
continued to uplift. The Plateau uplift affected glacial evolvement and loess formation, and propelled the migration of cold-
and warm-blooded animals, which differed from other regions of the world at the same latitude.
Received: 30 August 1999 · Accepted: 18 April 2000 相似文献
5.
利用四川九寨沟地区树轮宽度年表对该地区1750A.D.以来的冬半年(上年11月到当年3月)平均最低温度进行模拟重建,重建方程的方差解释量为46.2 ％ (调整自由度后为45.1 ％ )。结果表明,九寨沟地区在重建期间平均最低温度较低的时段主要有1814~1844年和1937~1984年两个阶段; 而平均最低温度较高的时段主要有1795~1813年和1984年至今两个时期,其中1984年之后的升温时段尤为显著,与川西其他地点冬季温度重建非常相近。计算显示,与尼泊尔Kathmandu冬半年平均气温(上年10月到当年2月)相比,九寨沟地区冬半年平均最低温度存在显著2年滞后(r=0.27, p<0.0001),而1825年前后及1970年前后两个冬季低温时段在两个地点大体是一致的,这些现象表明青藏高原周边地区冬半年温度变化的趋同性。功率谱分析表明,九寨沟地区冬半年平均最低温度2.11~6.86a的准周期与ENSO周期比较一致,而18.46a准周期则显示了该地气温变动与天文准19a周期有一定关系。 相似文献
6.
通过念青唐古拉峰拉弄冰川垭口处(30°24'30″N, 90°34'12″E;海拔5850m)长度为29.5m的冰芯记录,恢复了1952~1998年间大气降水δD和净积累量的时间变化序列。上述两组序列与NCEP/NCAR气候资料的相关分析表明:δD和净积累量与中亚冬季的气压、南亚和青藏高原冬季、夏季的位势高度关系密切。中亚地区冬季气压的升高以及冬、夏季南亚和青藏高原位势高度的异常增强了印度夏季风,导致了念青唐古拉峰地区20世纪80年代以来降水量的增多和降水中δD值的降低。根据念青唐古拉冰芯δD和净积累量记录及其与亚洲地区大气环流的关系,可以通过青藏高原南部较长的冰芯记录来恢复过去该地区大气环流变化的历史。 相似文献
7.
南水北调对北方干旱化趋势可能影响的初步分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
使用地表土壤水量平衡模式和大气能量平衡模式，对南水北调中线工程对华北地区的可能局地气候效应进行了虚拟模拟试验，得出了在不同调水方案和气候情景假定下华北地区可能出现的局地土壤水分、蒸发、温度和降水的变化。结果表明，不同调水量在不同时间、不同气候条件下的气候效应是有差别的，并与降水的季节变化有关。总体而言，在给定气候背景下调入水可以改变土壤水含量和径流，并使局地夏半年温度降低、冬半年温度有所升高；夏半年局地降水量和蒸发量有所增加，而冬半年变化不大。因此，在目前情况下南水北调中线工程的实施不仅可以减缓华北地区水资源紧缺的矛盾，而且有可能在一定程度上改善当地的局地干旱气候环境，进而有利于生态环境的良性循环和有序人类活动的可持续发展。 相似文献
8.
Since the mid-Pliocene, East Asian climates have experienced significant changes. One view suggests that significant uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during this period could have been responsible for these dramatic changes in the strength of the East Asian monsoon and for Asian interior aridification, while some other authors attribute these changes to the ongoing global cooling and rapid growth of the Arctic ice-sheet. Up to the present, which factor dominates the major changes of East Asian climate in the mid-Pliocene is still a contentious issue. This study presents an analysis of several climate proxies including grain-size, (CaO* + Na2O + MgO)/TiO2 ratio, Na/Ka ratio and dust accumulation rates of the Xifeng Red Clay sequence in the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau and the Xihe Pliocene loess-soil sequence in West Qinling. They reveal that aridity in the continental interior and winter monsoon circulation both intensified, whereas the East Asian summer monsoon showed a weakening rather than intensifying trend since the mid-Pliocene. These changes are also supported by the other multi-proxy records from various regions in East Asia. Previous numerical modeling studies have demonstrated that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau would have simultaneously enhanced continental-scale summer and winter monsoon strength as well as central Asian aridity. The mid-Pliocene climate changes in East Asia are therefore unlikely to be a response to Plateau uplift. On the contrary, our recent modeling results give support to the view that ongoing cooling could have intensified both the aridity of the interior and the strength of the winter monsoon, but weakened the summer monsoon in East Asia. 相似文献
9.
Katerina Mikolaskova 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2009,1(2):176-182
This work considers continentality from the point of view of an annual course of precipitation. It assesses continentality according to percentage of precipitation in summer and winter half year, ratio of precipitation in summer to winter half year and the period of half year precipitation in the area of WMO Region VI (Europe). Region VI can be divided into five main regions according to their annual course of precipitation. These regions are: Northwestern Europe with precipitation in all seasons, a predominance of winter precipitation and maximum precipitation in December and January; Central Europe with precipitation in all seasons, a predominance of summer precipitation and maximum precipitation in July; Eastern Europe with less precipitation over the year than in Northwestern Europe, a predominance of summer precipitation and maximum precipitation in July; the Mediterranean region with a predominance of winter precipitation, a dry season in summer and maximum precipitation in November and December; and Western Asia with a variable climate, a predominance of winter precipitation and maximum precipitation in December and January. Continentality from the point of view of precipitation rises towards the east. In comparison with thermal continentality, according to Gorczynski, it unexpectedly reaches its maximum in the centre of Europe (especially in northeast of the Czech Republic and south of Poland). 相似文献
10.
本文分析了一个耦合模式FGOALS_g1.0对工业革命前气候(0ka)和中全新世时期(6ka)亚洲夏季风的模拟结果。在该研究中我们主要分析季风降水变率较大的区域,即东亚夏季风区(20°～45°N,110°～120°E)和印度夏季风区(10°～30°N,70°～80°E)。尽管耦合模式的普遍偏差依然存在,该模式反映出亚洲季风系统是海陆热力性质差异的结果,并较好地模拟出了0ka亚洲夏季风大尺度环流的特点和季节变化的特征。6ka和0ka比较分析的结果表明,6ka时期欧亚大陆增暖,海陆温度梯度加强; 印度夏季风降水从南亚大陆北移到 30°N 附近,位于青藏高原南侧的降水大值中心降水加强; 东亚季风区降水则表现为华北地区减少,长江流域和华南地区降水增加的特点。但合理地模拟季风爆发仍然是耦合气候系统模式的难点之一。
6ka时期亚洲夏季风变化是和大尺度季风环流的变化联系在一起的,而其根本原因是中全新世时期地球轨道参数变化所引起的太阳辐射变化,北半球季节循环的振幅加强。海陆热力性质的差异所导致海陆温差加大使得北半球的季风环流加强,印度夏季风高空东风在 20°～30°N 加强,低层赤道东风加强,跨赤道后的西南气流向北推移,从而使得印度夏季风降水雨带北移到 30°N 附近。东亚季风区的高低空温度场的配置使得副热带高空急流减弱,位置偏南,从而有利于华北地区的高空出现异常的辐合,中层为异常的辐散,抑制了季风降水的发展; 长江流域和华南地区则相反,季风降水降水加强。 相似文献
6ka时期亚洲夏季风变化是和大尺度季风环流的变化联系在一起的,而其根本原因是中全新世时期地球轨道参数变化所引起的太阳辐射变化,北半球季节循环的振幅加强。海陆热力性质的差异所导致海陆温差加大使得北半球的季风环流加强,印度夏季风高空东风在 20°～30°N 加强,低层赤道东风加强,跨赤道后的西南气流向北推移,从而使得印度夏季风降水雨带北移到 30°N 附近。东亚季风区的高低空温度场的配置使得副热带高空急流减弱,位置偏南,从而有利于华北地区的高空出现异常的辐合,中层为异常的辐散,抑制了季风降水的发展; 长江流域和华南地区则相反,季风降水降水加强。 相似文献
11.
12.
6kaB.P.东亚区域气候模拟及其变化机制探讨 总被引：17，自引：12，他引：5
中全新世是地质历史上最近的温暖时期。文章利用包含较详细陆面过程的区域气候模式,通过分别加入现代植被和根据花粉化石资料转化的东亚地区古植被,模拟了6kaB.P.东亚季风气候,并研究了植被变化对东亚气候的影响。由区域气候模拟得到的较高分辨率的气候演变图像表明6kaB.P.太阳辐射季节循环增大,高纬度地区积雪、海冰减少,极地海洋升温,导致冬季大陆冷高压减弱,使中国冬季温度降低幅度大大减小。模拟中加入恢复的古植被造成地表反照率减小,使得冬季进一步升温,这不但突破了PMIP众多模拟的东亚6kaB.P.冬季降温的局限,而且使模拟温度变化的季节特征与古地质资料更为吻合。中全新世东亚大陆全年升温导致东亚夏季风强盛、冬季风减弱;降水及有效降水增加,降水带向西、向北扩张。与PMIP模拟相比,由于模式分辨率的提高,该工作模拟出了中国东部区域性降水增加的特征并得到了较为精细的气候变化空间分布。 相似文献
13.
根据生物、湖泊及冰川地层记录,分析了青藏高原末次冰消期的气候演化特点,并将其与格陵兰、欧洲气候演化序列进行了对比分析.结果表明,末次冰消期的气候演化大致可分为两个阶段:前一阶段为暖期,但波动频繁;格陵兰、欧洲在经历了H1事件后,迅速转暖,Bolling期比Allerod期气候更为适宜;而青藏高原渐趋回暖,夏季风降水逐渐增加,存在由冰融水与降水增加所形成的高湖面,气候温湿,进入一次湖泊扩涨期;大部分记录指示Allerod期比Bolling期气候更为适宜.后一阶段为冷期,格陵兰、欧洲气候恶化并显示出有回返冰期的气候特点;青藏高原气候严酷、荒漠扩展、冰流推进、湖面下降.气候演化的这种异同性表明:格陵兰、欧洲与青藏高原气候系统彼此存在联系,特别是在冷期;而在暖期,气候演化表现出各自的特点.气候演化格局所呈现的可比性,可能是通过冷期的一致而体现的. 相似文献
14.
REORGANIZATION OF THE ASIAN MONSOON SYSTEM AT ABOUT 2.6 Ma AGO AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RISING OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAUheChineseResearchFoundation(KZ 951 A1 2 0 4 ) 相似文献
15.
地表植被改变对气候变化影响的模拟研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
由于人类活动的影响，在过去的几百年里全球植被发生了很大的变化。地表植被的变化通过地面的能量和水汽交换而改变气候，研究目的是通过数值模拟认识这一过程的有关气候效应。方法上使用AGCM+SSIB模式对由于植被变化而可能导致的气候变化进行了敏感性模拟试验，研究区域为欧亚大陆。模拟主要对1700年、1800年、1900年、1950年所代表的气候特征时期植被改变所造成的气候变化响应进行平衡态试验。欧亚大陆在这些时段内植被变化是非常明显的，有大片的土地覆盖从森林变为草地或者耕地，或者从自然草地变为耕地。结果表明地表植被的改变对于气候的作用是非常复杂的，但中纬度地区在统计上有着比较明显的作用。得出的主要结论是，从1700年到1950年由于植被的退化，东亚地区夏季变得更热而冬季变得更冷，欧洲冬夏都变冷了；中国南部的降水在夏季不断减少，亚洲夏季风被削弱。 相似文献
16.
Trend analysis of evapotranspiration over India: Observed from long-term satellite measurements 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sheshakumar Goroshi Rohit Pradhan Raghavendra P Singh K K Singh Jai Singh Parihar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(8):113
Owing to the lack of consistent spatial time series data on actual evapotranspiration (ET), very few studies have been conducted on the long-term trend and variability in ET at a national scale over the Indian subcontinent. The present study uses biome specific ET data derived from NOAA satellite’s advanced very high resolution radiometer to investigate the trends and variability in ET over India from 1983 to 2006. Trend analysis using the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test showed that the domain average ET decreased during the period at a rate of \(0.22\,\hbox {mm year}^{-1}\). A strong decreasing trend (\(m = -1.75\, \hbox {mm year}^{-1}\), \(F = 17.41\), \(P\) 0.01) was observed in forest regions. Seasonal analyses indicated a decreasing trend during southwest summer monsoon (\(m= -0.320\, \hbox {mm season}^{-1}\,\hbox {year}^{-1})\) and post-monsoon period (\(m= -0.188\, \hbox {mm season}^{-1 }\,\hbox {year}^{-1})\). In contrast, an increasing trend was observed during northeast winter monsoon (\(m = 0.156 \,\hbox {mm season}^{-1 }\,\hbox {year}^{-1})\) and pre-monsoon (\(m = 0.068\, \hbox {mm season}^{-1 }\,\hbox {year}^{-1})\) periods. Despite an overall net decline in the country, a considerable increase ( \(4 \,\hbox {mm year}^{-1}\)) was observed over arid and semi-arid regions. Grid level correlation with various climatic parameters exhibited a strong positive correlation (\(r \!>\!0.5\)) of ET with soil moisture and precipitation over semi-arid and arid regions, whereas a negative correlation (\(r\) \(-0.5\)) occurred with temperature and insolation in dry regions of western India. The results of this analysis are useful for understanding regional ET dynamics and its relationship with various climatic parameters over India. Future studies on the effects of ET changes on the hydrological cycle, carbon cycle, and energy partitioning are needed to account for the feedbacks to the climate. 相似文献
17.
Uranium-series dating of oxygen and carbon isotope records for stalagmite SJ3 collected in Songjia Cave, central China, shows significant variation in past climate and environment during the period 20-10 ka. Stalagmite SJ3 is located more than 1000 km inland of the coastal Hulu Cave in East China and more than 700 km north of the Dongge Cave in Southwest China and, despite minor differences, displays a clear first-order similarity with the Hulu and Dongge records. The coldest climatic phase since the Last Glacial Maximum, which is associated with the Heinrich Event 1 in the North Atlantic region, was clearly recorded in SJ3 between 17.6 and 14.5 ka, in good agreement in timing, duration and extent with the records from Hulu and Dongge caves and the Greenland ice core. The results indicate that there have been synchronous and significant climatic changes across monsoonal China and strong teleconnections between the North Atlantic and East Asia regions during the period 20-10 ka. This is much different from the Holocene Optimum which shows a time shift of more than several thousands years from southeast coastal to inland China. It is likely that temperature change at northern high latitudes during glacial periods exerts stronger influence on the Asian summer monsoon relative to insolation and appears to be capable of perturbing large-scale atmospheric/oceanic circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and thus monsoonal rainfall and paleovegetation in East Asia. Climatic signals in the North Atlantic region propagate rapidly to East Asia during glacial periods by influencing the winter land-sea temperature contrast in the East Asian monsoon region. 相似文献
18.
近年来，我们先后在青藏高原的古里雅冰帽、唐古拉冰川和希夏邦马地区钻。取了大量冰芯。在这些冰芯中保存着大量的环境变化信息。特别是反映沙暴、尘暴和浮尘等环境事件的尘埃冰志记录，是目前我们所能得到的记录最详细、分辨率最高和最连续的资料系列。青藏高原冰芯中尘埃指标显示，在气候变冷时，青藏高原的尘暴、沙暴和浮尘等事件出现的频率增多，强度增大；在气候变暖时，则尘暴、沙暴和浮尘等事件的频率减少，强度减小。目前，在青藏高原面上，正经历着气候变暖、环境改善的过程。 相似文献
19.
青藏高原地区过去2000年来的气候变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
依据冰芯、树轮、沉积物分析和冰川波动等各单点古气候代用资料,以及重建的综合温度变化曲线,分析了近 2000年青藏高原温度变化的整体性和区域性特征。全青藏高原综合温度曲线显示中世纪暖期（1150-1400年）、小冰期（1400-1900年）以及公元 3～5世纪冷期的存在。青藏高原温度变化具有明显的区域性特征。在 9～11世纪,青藏高原东北部以温暖为特征,而青藏高原南部和西部表现为寒冷。青藏高原南部和西部分别于1150-1400年（此时段在高原东北部表现为弱暖期）和1250-1500年经历了气候变暖。与中国东部文献记录的最新综合研究结果比较,高原东北部与中国东部的温度变化最为一致。而且,许多重大气候事件,如1100-1150年、1500-1550年、1650-1700年和1800-1850年的冷事件在高原和中国东部同时出现,而后 3次冷期与小冰期期间中国西部发生的冰川前进相匹配。 相似文献
20.
Patterns in seasonal abundance (no. per m2 surface area), growth and biomass (g per m2 surface area) of an annual fish, the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia (L.) were investigated in a marsh and more seaward bay region of Essex Bay, Massachusetts from August 1976 to May 1978 using a quantitative beach seining technique. Silverside abundance varied greatly by season and year class during the study period. Abundance was high in 1976 but winter mortality (99%) left an adult density of only .01 per m2 surface area in the marsh during spring 1977. Resultant 1977 year class density in the marsh was 1.88 per m2 by late fall 1977 but winter mortality again produced an adult density of .01 per m2 in spring 1978. Abundance was generally higher in the marsh than in the bay region especially during spring and late fall when catches in the bay were negligible. Based on catch rate comparisons, the summer and fall juvenile abundance of the 1976 year class was much higher than the juvenile abundance of the 1977 year class. Coincidentally, mean lengths and condition of the abundant 1976 year class in the late fall were significantly lower than those of the 1977 year class, suggesting density dependent population regulation. In both years, juveniles grew rapidly and reached full adult size by November when an offshore movement to deeper waters outside Essex Bay occurred. Biomass peaked in the marsh region in late fall 1977 at 7.8 g per m2 wet weight. Winter mortality was size selective, favoring larger individuals. The annual life history design of M. menidia including an offshore winter movement and high winter mortality suggests that silversides represent an important pathway of energy flow from marsh to offshore trophic systems. 相似文献