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1.
Investigating the immobilization of CO2, previous basalt-water-CO2 interaction studies revealed the formation of carbonates over a short period, but with the extensive formation of secondary silicates (SS). The mechanisms involved in these processes remain unresolved, so the present study was undertaken to understand secondary mineral formation mechanisms. XRPD and Rietveld refinement data for neo-formed minerals show a drastic decrease in the Ca-O bond length, with the calcite structure degenerating after 80 h (hours). However, SEM images and EDS data revealed that a longer interaction time resulted in the formation of chlorite and smectite, adjacent to basalt grains which prevent basalt-water-CO2 interaction to form carbonates, thus restricting carbonate formation. As a result of this, the CO2 mineralization rate is initially high (till 80 h), but it later reduces drastically. It is evident that, for such temperature-controlled transformations, low temperature is conducive to minimizing SS surface coating at the time of mineral carbonation. 相似文献
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3.
Experimental research on the chemical weathering of alkaline-olivine basalt from Huangyi Mountain,Kuandain County,Liaoning.Province and olivine basalt from Dayangke,Mingxi County,Fujian Province has shown that the acidity of the solution tends to become neutral regardless of what the acidity of the starting solution would be during basalt0-water interaction.We call this phenome-non“pH neutralized Effect”.The dissolved species in the solution were determined and unreacted and reacted sample-surface chemical components involved or uninvolved in reaction were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results revealed two different mechanisms of dissolution of basalt in acidic and basic solutions. 相似文献
4.
西准噶尔地区巴尔雷克蛇绿混杂岩中的玄武岩与蛇纹岩、放射虫硅质岩和晚泥盆世铁列克提组的泥质粉砂岩与沉凝灰岩形成混杂堆积.对玄武岩进行详细的岩石地球化学研究表明,SiQ含量为42.15％～44.71％,高TiO2 (3.17％～3.77％)、Na2O(1.73％～2.28％),低Al2O3 (13.54％～14.31％)、K2O(1％～1.82％),MgO含量相对稳定(6.75％～8.14％),Mg#为43～46,属于碱性玄武岩系列.稀土总量∑REE=186×10-6～219.06×10-6,轻、重稀土分馏较为明显((La/Yb)N=11.37～12.62),无明显Eu异常(Eu/Eu* =0.96～1),稀土配分模式类似于OIB.相对富集LILE(如Rb、Ba、Th),亏损HFSE(如Zr、Hf),没有明显的Nb和Ta异常,具有高的Ti/Yb(7395～8724)和Zr/Yb(120～136)比值,为典型的OIB地球化学特征.综合研究认为玄武岩形成于弧后盆地的海山环境,其岩浆源区可能为EMI型富集地幔,即软流圈的上涌导致尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩地幔源区大比例部分熔融形成的玄武岩.在区域上,蛇绿混杂岩中的玄武岩所代表的泥盆纪古洋盆是西准噶尔古洋盆向北收缩的残余洋盆. 相似文献
5.
Boninitic rocks and associated high-magnesian basalt and high-iron tholeiite in the Xiangcheng area constitute the basal horizon of the arc volcanic sequence in the Triassic Yidun Island-Arc, southwestern China. The boninite occurs as pillow, massive and ocellar lavas; the last one possesses well-developed globular structure and alternates with the former two. The boninite is characterized by the absence of phenocrysts of olivine and low-Ca pyroxenes and by low CaO/Al2O3 ratios (<0.67) and high Cr (>1000 ppm) and Ni (>250 ppm). The normalized abundance patterns (NAP) of trace elements to primitive mantle are similar to the NAP of low-Ca modern boninites and SHMB in the Archaean and Proterozoic.As a mechanism of ocellar texture, liquid immiscibility in boninite is supported by the following lines of evidence: (a) sharp contact between ocelli and matrix, (b) constant volumetric ratios of ocelli/matrix and common coalescence of ocelli in ocellar rocks, (c) identical micro-spinifex textures and mineral asse 相似文献
6.
A holistic study of the composition of the basalt groundwaters of the Atherton Tablelands region in Queensland, Australia
was undertaken to elucidate possible mechanisms for the evolution of these very low salinity, silica- and bicarbonate-rich
groundwaters. It is proposed that aluminosilicate mineral weathering is the major contributing process to the overall composition
of the basalt groundwaters. The groundwaters approach equilibrium with respect to the primary minerals with increasing pH
and are mostly in equilibrium with the major secondary minerals (kaolinite and smectite), and other secondary phases such
as goethite, hematite, and gibbsite, which are common accessory minerals in the Atherton basalts. The mineralogy of the basalt
rocks, which has been examined using X-ray diffraction and whole rock geochemistry methods, supports the proposed model for
the hydrogeochemical evolution of these groundwaters: precipitation + CO2 (atmospheric + soil) + pyroxene + feldspars + olivine yields H4SiO4, HCO3
−, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+ + kaolinite and smectite clays + amorphous or crystalline silica + accessory minerals (hematite, goethite, gibbsite, carbonates,
zeolites, and pyrite). The variations in the mineralogical content of these basalts also provide insights into the controls
on groundwater storage and movement in this aquifer system. The fresh and weathered vesicular basalts are considered to be
important in terms of zones of groundwater occurrence, while the fractures in the massive basalt are important pathways for
groundwater movement. 相似文献
7.
Thousands of silica gossans are exposed at the top of the Lower Cretaceous basalt hills in the Paraná volcanic province, strongly indicating the presence of calcite, amethyst and agate geode deposits along with native copper mineralization. The Embrapa silica gossan in the northwestern portion of the province (Campo Grande region) is an excellent example of such novel geological structure in the continental flood basalts. This silica gossan has a size of 450 × 350 m standing out as a treeless area in the densely wooded savanna and makes part of the stratigraphy of six basalt flows of Paranapanema intermediate-Ti chemical type. The base of the volcanic column is constituted by two Pitanga types and the overlying column is Paranapanema type. Every basalt flow has a silicified sand layer or breccia at the top and these are fed by abundant sand dikes. The Anel Viário Norte (AVN) flow is the most intensely altered by hydrothermal fluids producing voluminous secondary calcite infillings in the amygdales and fractures. In this region the basalts contain higher copper content than the average of the volcanic province. The studied silica gossans display negative anomalies in gamma spectrometry as a response to K, U and Th depletion during alteration. We propose a new exploration methodology by observing GoogleEarth images complemented with field studies and geochemistry to readily locate favorable areas for amethyst and agate geode deposits and native copper mineralization. 相似文献
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A series of melting-crystallization experiments on alkali basalt samples from Minqing, Fujian Province was carried out in
dry and waterbearing systems at high pressures. A high-pressure melting curve was obtained. The results indicate that clinopyroxene
crystallized from basalt melt at 13.5–23.7 kbar. spinel at 23.7–28.6 kbar and garnet at > 28.6 kbar. With increasing pressure,
the CaSiO3 contents of clinopyroxenes increase; and the FeSiO3 decreases, but the chemical composition of garnet does not show any significant difference. The minerals are larger and euhedral
in the water-bearing system. Therefore, we consider that natural megacrysts of the basalt can crystallize from the water-bearing
basalt magma at high pressure. So the megacrysts may be derived from the upper mantle as a result of magmatic crystallization-fractionation
under high pressure.
This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
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There is a conspicuous dichotomy in the conventional model oflunar petrogenesis between the total intra-crustal differentiationpostulated for the products of feldspathic volcanism in thelunar highlands and the near absence of differentiation postulatedfor the products of mare volcanism. Both the cumulate mantlemodel, and the selenotherm postulated to accompany genesis ofalleged ‘primary’ mare magmas by remelting of thosecumulates, imply supra-adiabatic thermal gradients in near-solidusmaterials throughout the lunar mantle 4·3–3·2Ga ago. This should have resulted in vigorous convective motion,which has not occurred. There is no positive europium anomalyin the average lunar highland crust. That crust cannot, therefore,have formed by plagioclase flotation from a lunar magma ocean,for which there is no other requirement. There is no negativeeuropium anomaly in the average mantle to be inherited by latermare basalts. Other rocky bodies of lunar size in the SolarSystem have accreted at rates that allowed incorporation ofplenty of volatiles and without forming global magma oceans.Partial melting in the presence of water, followed by near-surfacefractionation and volatile losses can explain the feldspathiccharacter, high incompatible element concentrations and lackof Eu anomaly in the lunar highlands. Volcanic eruption on theMoon must have been accompanied by selective volatilizationlosses of sodium, sulphur and other elements similar to theprocess seen on Io, which can account for the major differencesbetween terrestrial and lunar basalts. Siderophile element depletionin lunar lavas may reflect immiscible sulphide liquid and metalseparation, rather than global impoverishment in such elements,and large ore bodies may have formed close to the lunar surface.Mare basalt volcanism appears to have been a protracted, lowmagma productivity event with few similarities to terrestrialocean-floor, ocean-island, continental flood basalt or komatiitevolcanism. At low pressure the crystallization of plagioclasewell before pyroxene typifies those terrestrial mid-ocean ridgebasalt, ocean-island basalt and continental flood basalt magmas.A similar sequence is demanded of the postulated lunar primarymagmas. Mare basalt hand-specimen and pyroclastic glass beadcompositions do not, however, display the required crystallizationsequence and cannot represent the required primary melt compositions.The true erupted lava compositions which gave rise to the regolithcompositions across all the maria are much more feldspathicthan the majority of large hand specimens and, in common withbasalts on other planets, they are close to low-pressure plagioclase-saturatedcotectic residual liquids which have evolved by removal of gabbrosin crustal magma chambers, or perhaps in giant lava lakes akinto topless Bushveld complexes. Any further debate could be resolvedby a 100 m drill core in a few mare locations. Field provenanceof samples from Mars, a planet half covered by flood basaltsand products of central volcanoes, will be little better thanfor those from the Moon. It will be important to encourage multipleworking hypotheses, rather than to rush to a consensus. KEY WORDS: lunar; basalt; highland; magma ocean; europium 相似文献
12.
With increasing soil age, the contents of Sr, Ba and ratios of Sr/Be in soils tend to decrease, whereas the contents of V, Sc, Ni, Cr, Co and ratios of Fe/Ni and Fe/Co tend to increase, as evidenced from a study on soils of different ages, developed on basahs in the northern part of Hainan Island. Ba/Nb, significantly correlative with soil age, can be used to evaluate soil evolution. By using the mass-balance method, the element migration was discussed with Ti as an immobile element. The results showed that element leaching was most intensive in the early pedogenic period. In this period (Primosols) , over 90% of Ca, Mg, K and Na was leached out of soils till Ferrosol formation. The leaching of P occurred mainly at the beginning of soil development. About 60% of Si was mobilized in the stage of Cambosol formation and 80% in the stage of Ferralosol formation. 相似文献
13.
LAI Shaocong 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(3):1047-1048
正Objective The Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision caused significant crustal shortening and plateau uplift in the central Tibet.The extrusion tectonic model has been widely accepted to explain the strike-slip faults around the Tibetan Plateau.Previous studies indicate that the lower crust flow is the 相似文献
14.
Zusammenfassung Der Basalt des Ölberges enthält an verschiedenen Stellen bis zu faustgroße, blasenförmige Einschlüsse von Nontronit. Der Nontronit zeigt eine starke Montmorillonit- und Saponitkomponente und hat folgende stöchiometrische Zusammensetzung: (Fe
+++
1,18
, Al0,44, Cr0,06, Mg0,58, Fe
++
0.01
)2,27 [Al0,22Si3,75O10] (OH)2.Dem Nontronit ist ein Picotit (Mgo0,58, Fe
++
0,34
)0.92 ( Al1,36, Cr0,64), beigemengt. Der Picotit hat die Gitterkonstante 0= 8,18 Å und das spezifische Gewicht = 4,00 g/cm3. Die kleine Gitterkonstante und das geringe spezifische Gewicht des Picotits bestätigen, daß ein Mischkristall mit einer -Al2O3-Komponente vorliegt. Der Picotit weist außerdem einen Nickelgehalt von etwa 0,1% Ni0 in der Analyse auf.Neben Picotit sind in der Nontronitmasse einzelne Bronzitkriställchen vorhanden. Der Chromgehalt des Nontronits, der Chrom- und Nickelgehalt des Spinellminerals, sowie das Vorhandensein von Bronzit beweisen, daß der Nontronit im Basalt des Ölberges ein Zersetzungsprodukt von Olivinknollen ist. 相似文献
15.
QIN Jiachen LIU Yunhuan WANG Qi ZHANG Hu ZHANG Yanan LIU Mingjin WU Xieting GAO Zhenli ZHANG Xiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(4):1303-1304
正Objective The Cambrian fossil embryos of radial animals are represented by taxa of Olivooides, Pseudooides, Carinachites, hexangulaconulariids (including Hexaconularia and Arthrochites) and Quadrapyrgites. Liu Yunhuan established a new genus: Qinscyphus Liu 2017 and reconstructed the general morphology of its hatched stages in 2017; this genus has only one species Qinscyphus necopinus. It was interpreted to be a member of Olivooidae Steiner 2014, and was placed besides crown 相似文献
16.
Dr. Helga Huffmann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1954,4(1-2):67-88
Zusammenfassung Drei Bodenprofile caber Basalt, eins über Trochitenkalk und eins über Buntsandstein wurden mineralogisch untersucht. Die Schlämmanalyse brachte sehr ähnliche Ergebnisse in der Korngrößenverteilung der über Basalt liegenden Böden, während die beiden anderen Profile ihnen erst an der Erdoberfläche ähnlich wurden. Die mikroskopische Untersuchung zeigt, wie sich die Minerale im Boden verhalten und welche nicht aus dem anstehenden Gestein stammen. Die Tonfraktionen wurden mit Debye-Scherrer- und Texturaufnahmen röntgenograpbisch untersucht. Dabei wurde Halloysit als einziges Tonmineral in den Basaltprofilen und in mürbem Gestein festgestellt. Im Trochitenkalk wurden Illit und Montmorillonit, im Boden darüber gleichfalls Illit gefunden. Im Boden über Buntsandstein ist neben Kaolinit etwas Illit an Tonmineralen nachgewiesen wurden.Herrn Professor Dr.Carl W. Correns zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
17.
李兆麟 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(1):23-27
Metamorphic processes are closely associated with the formation and evolution of the crust and highly related to petrogenesis and mineralization processes. Dynamic systematic analysis indicates that regional metamorphism-migmatization-metamorphic anatexis process is a temperature-pressure progressive process. Metamorphic anatexis process is a critical part with its unique pressure/temperature and thermodynamic, dynamic and geochemical characteristics. The concept of metamorphic anatexis system (MAS) introduced by the author includes the essential factors of material resources, energy resources, process format, material transportation and concentration, occurring time and location. Based on the essential factors of MAS, metamorphic anatexis process-related granitic rocks and deposit cases are discussed on their petrogenesis and/or mineralizaion mechanisms. The discussion points out that granites in the Ailaoshan and Yunkai metamorphic zones are of metamorphic anatexis origin. The genesis of pegmatite ore deposits in metamorphic zones and shear zone gold deposits in shear zones are highly related to metamorphic anatexis process. The study of metamorphism process involved in ore formation and material transport is a hot subject concerned by the international geological circles. Thorough investigations into the relationships between metamorphic anatexis and petrogenesis-meneralization processes are of great importance not only in geological theory, but also in industrial practice. 相似文献
18.
Computer Modeling and Simulation of Geofluids： A General Review and Sample Description 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Thermodynamic properties of fluids are essential for the understanding of the geochemical behavior of various processes,The paper introduces the most updated computer modeling and simulation methods in the study of thermodynamics of geofluids,inclduing semiempirical models(such as equation of state)and molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation.A well-established semi-empirical model can interpolate and extrapolate experimental data and yield much physicochemical information.Computer modeling may produce“experimental data“ yield much physicochemical information.Computer modeling may produce“experimental data“even under experimentally difficult conditions.They provide important methods for the study of geological fluid systems on the quantitative basis. 相似文献
19.
Synthesis and Growth Process： A Tetrapod-Like ZnO Nanostructure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three kinds of tetrapod-like ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized simultaneously via pure Zn chemical vapor deposition on silicon wafers with (111) orientation (Si (111)) at 920 ℃. X-ray diffraction indicates that the nanotetrapods are of wurtzite structure. The morphology and the microstructure of the nanotetrapods are investigated by the scanning electron microscopy. Selected area electron diffraction shows the growth direction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals the atomic composition ratio of Zn/O. The growth process is briefly discussed. The optical property of the products was also recorded by means of photoluminescence spectroscopy. 相似文献
20.
M. Santosh 《地学前缘(英文版)》2010,1(1):21-30
<正>The formation and disruption of supercontinents have significantly impacted mantle dynamics,solid earth processes,surface environments and the biogeochemical cycle.In the early history of the Earth,the collision of parallel intra-oceanic arcs was an important process in building embryonic continents.Superdownwelling along Y-shaped triple junctions might have been one of the important processes that aided in the rapid assembly of continental fragments into closely packed supercontinents. Various models have been proposed for the fragmentation of supercontinents including thermal blanket and superplume hypotheses.The reassembly of supercontinents after breakup and the ocean closure occurs through "introversion","extroversion" or a combination of both,and is characterized by either Pacific-type or Atlantic-type ocean closure.The breakup of supercontinents and development of hydrothermal system in rifts with granitic basement create anomalous chemical environments enriched in nutrients, which serve as the primary building blocks of the skeleton and bone of early modern life forms. A typical example is the rifting of the Rodinia supercontinent,which opened up an N—S oriented sea way along which nutrient enriched upwelling brought about a habitable geochemical environment.The assembly of supercontinents also had significant impact on life evolution.The role played by the Cambrian Gondwana assembly has been emphasized in many models,including the formation of 'Trans-gondwana Mountains' that might have provided an effective source of rich nutrients to the equatorial waters,thus aiding the rapid increase in biodiversity.The planet has witnessed several mass extinction events during its history,mostly connected with major climatic fluctuations including global cooling and warming events,major glaciations,fluctuations in sea level,global anoxia,volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts and gamma radiation.Some recent models speculate a relationship between superplumes,supercontinent breakup and mass extinction.Upwelling plumes cause continental rifting and formation of large igneous provinces.Subsequent volcanic emissions and resultant plume-induced "winter" have catastrophic effect on the atmosphere that lead to mass extinctions and long term oceanic anoxia.The assembly and dispersal of continents appear to have influenced the biogeochemical cycle,but whether the individual stages of organic evolution and extinction on the planet are closely linked to Solid Earth processes remains to be investigated. 相似文献