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西藏申扎地区拉嘎组岩相/沉积相分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过详细测制西藏申扎县扎扛—木纠错石炭二叠系剖面,查明了拉嘎组的岩石类型、组合及沉积环境.申扎地区的拉嘎组是以暗色粉砂岩、泥岩等细碎屑岩背景下,发育若干板状、长透镜状及透镜状粗碎屑岩为特征.大部分粗碎屑岩及部分细碎屑岩的分选及磨圆很差,成熟度极低,岩性显示为杂砾岩、杂砂岩,局部地区见有花岗岩漂砾.研究认为,拉嘎组形成于冰缘解冻并后退状态下的近岸冰海沉积环境,其沉积相类型可以分为分支水道与间湾、水下冰水扇、冰碛物与冰筏、滨岸与内陆棚.鉴于其时代可能为早二叠世Sakmarian期,因此,拉嘎组可能是晚古生代冰期消融的产物.拉嘎组沉积相的识别分析对拉萨地块晚古生代的古环境和古地理有重要意义. 相似文献
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拉萨地块西段尼雄地区晚古生代地震事件及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
拉萨地块晚古生代处于伸展还是挤压背景一直以来存在较大的争议.在拉萨地块西段尼雄地区晚古生代地层中新发现了震积岩.拉嘎组一段震积岩单元位于含砾细砂岩冰水沉积中,可见震裂岩、震褶岩及塑性角砾岩等典型震积岩岩石类型,另见各种与震积岩相关的构造和沉积标志;拉嘎组二段震积岩单元位于潮坪沉积中,见液化卷曲变形及球-枕构造等;下拉组震积岩单元位于下段灰岩中,可见典型的粉（泥）晶灰岩脉和自碎屑角砾岩.下拉组和拉嘎组二段震积岩与燧石结核灰岩紧密共生,由此推测拉萨地块中部分晚古生代燧石结核灰岩可能与地震作用密切相关.结合区域资料,认为拉萨地块西段晚古生代地震事件与冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂陷盆地的发育有关,并为拉萨地块晚古生代演化新增了古地震活动资料. 相似文献
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拉萨地块西段缺失晚古生代岩浆岩,造成不能从岩浆岩角度探索其晚古生代地质演化,因此沉积岩的对比研究对理解拉萨地块晚古生代的差异演化过程至关重要。本文通过对尼雄地区上石炭统—下二叠统拉嘎组碎屑岩地球化学特征分析,试图揭示其物源特征及源区构造背景,提供拉萨地块晚古生代沉积岩对比分析的基础信息。尼雄地区拉嘎组一段和二段主量和微量元素特征略有差异,二段较一段CaO、Na_2O含量更高,V、Cr、Ni、Co及轻稀土含量也更高,反映二者沉积源区有一定差异。拉嘎组物源区的构造背景兼具被动大陆边缘与活动大陆边缘特征,并且二段较一段显示更强的活动大陆边缘亲缘性。结合区域地质资料,认为拉嘎组碎屑岩主要来自成熟的大陆源区,为冈瓦纳大陆北缘基底岩石及早古生代沉积岩的再旋回沉积,二段源区的少量酸性及基性物质组分对应于冈瓦纳大陆北缘泛非期及寒武纪岩浆活动。 相似文献
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内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区位于兴蒙造山带中段,是研究古生代俯冲-增生造山作用和地壳生长的关键地区。在苏尼特左旗南部,晚泥盆-早石炭世色日巴彦敖包组角度不整合在早古生代增生楔之上,已有研究对于其沉积环境、盆地属性及区域构造意义一直存在较大分歧。本文对色日巴彦敖包组敖木根呼都格剖面和阿拉塔特剖面碎屑岩和火山岩夹层开展锆石UPb测年及Hf同位素分析,并进行了沉积相分析进一步查明了地层层序、时代及物源特征,并对沉积环境和盆地属性进行了探讨。研究表明,敖木根呼都格剖面色日巴彦敖包组底部含砾粗砂岩最小谐和碎屑锆石年龄为391±5Ma,中下部凝灰质砂岩最小谐和碎屑锆石年龄为338.2±4.3Ma,凝灰岩锆石年龄为336±2Ma、333±3.5Ma,结合古生物化石,表明底部形成于晚泥盆世,中上部地层形成于早石炭世晚期。阿拉塔特剖面中上部安山质火山碎屑岩最小谐和碎屑锆石年龄加权平均值为320.4±6.2Ma,表明其形成于晚石炭世。碎屑锆石年龄谱及Hf同位素组成表明底部及中部砂岩碎屑物主要来自近源的早古生代白音宝力道和二连东乌旗地区弧岩浆岩,少量来自北侧南蒙古弧。结合沉积相分析,推测苏尼特左旗南部色日巴彦敖包组下部为一套形成于弧陆碰撞后被动陆缘滨浅海相沉积建造,中上部为形成于弧前盆地的一套杂砂岩夹火山岩建造。以上资料表明,该区从早石炭世开始转为活动陆缘背景,暗示古亚洲洋中东段在晚古生代仍未封闭。 相似文献
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有关扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群台子组沉积环境的认识一直存有分歧,文中基于野外和室内的综合研究讨论了台子组的沉积环境。台子组底部为蛋青色砂砾岩,下部为灰色、肉粉色细粉晶白云岩,中部为灰绿色、浅灰色石英中—细砂岩、粉砂岩与深灰色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩组合,上部则是粉砂岩—泥岩韵律。同时,台子组石英砂岩中以发育块状层理和平行层理为主,粉砂岩和泥岩则发育丰富的水平层理和透镜状层理。砂岩粒度概率累计曲线显示斜率较大,跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量低,无滚动组分,其中跳跃组分又以二段或多段式为特征。上述沉积指相标志和粒度分析均表明,台子组形成于滨岸与潮坪沉积环境,同时纵向沉积序列上,碎屑岩沉积物粒度表现为粗—细—粗—细演化特征,沉积相由下部到上部呈现滨岸相—碳酸盐岩缓坡台地相—潟湖相—潮坪相—潟湖相的演替规律,总体上构成由退积—进积—退积—进积的沉积序列。 相似文献
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鲁西地区馒头组下部滑塌堆积的地质特征及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
华北地台馒头组以干热气候条件下的陆源细碎屑岩为主夹碳酸盐岩组成,角度不整合于太古宙泰山群之上。济南仲宫镇的馒头组底部,为厚度约 4m的滑塌堆积。岩块由灰岩和细碎屑岩组成,基质为粉砂岩。岩块内部的构造变形样式及基质中的斜层理表明,寒武纪华北地台曾存在古斜坡和构造隆升作用是诱发成岩作用过程中滑塌堆积形成的重要机制。馒头组中滑塌堆积的发现和研究,有利于进一步认识华北地台古生代古地貌、沉积环境以及古潜山的形成和演化,从而为华北地台古生代含油气盆地和古潜山的研究以及油气资源勘探提供借鉴。 相似文献
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江苏西南部晚侏罗世西横山组为一套粗碎屑岩—细碎屑岩及泥灰岩组成的陆相沉积岩，普遍含有火山物质。从地层分布、岩性特征、碎屑岩粒度统计分析表明，天生桥盆地和西横山盆地基本上是连续、贯通的，自东向西，由冲积扇相—河流相—湖泊相逐渐过渡，属于同一水中盆地中不同沉积相的产物。沉积物主要来自盆地东部，可能与“古茅山”隆起带有关。 相似文献
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有关扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群台子组沉积环境的认识一直存有分歧,文中基于野外和室内的综合研究讨论了台子组的沉积环境。台子组底部为蛋青色砂砾岩,下部为灰色、肉粉色细粉晶白云岩,中部为灰绿色、浅灰色石英中—细砂岩、粉砂岩与深灰色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩组合,上部则是粉砂岩—泥岩韵律。同时,台子组石英砂岩中以发育块状层理和平行层理为主,粉砂岩和泥岩则发育丰富的水平层理和透镜状层理。砂岩粒度概率累计曲线显示斜率较大,跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量低,无滚动组分,其中跳跃组分又以二段或多段式为特征。上述沉积指相标志和粒度分析均表明,台子组形成于滨岸与潮坪沉积环境,同时纵向沉积序列上,碎屑岩沉积物粒度表现为粗—细—粗—细演化特征,沉积相由下部到上部呈现滨岸相—碳酸盐岩缓坡台地相—潟湖相—潮坪相—潟湖相的演替规律,总体上构成由退积—进积—退积—进积的沉积序列。 相似文献
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Coarse‐grained deep‐water strata of the Cerro Toro Formation in the Cordillera Manuel Señoret, southern Chile, represent the deposits of a major channel belt (4 to 8 km wide by >100 km long) that occupied the foredeep of the Magallanes basin during the Late Cretaceous. Channel belt deposits comprise a ca 400 m thick conglomeratic interval (informally named the ‘Lago Sofia Member’) encased in bathyal fine‐grained units. Facies of the Lago Sofia Member include sandy matrix conglomerate (that show evidence of traction‐dominated deposition and sedimentation from turbulent gravity flows), muddy matrix conglomerate (graded units interpreted as coarse‐grained slurry‐flow deposits) and massive sandstone beds (high‐density turbidity current deposits). Interbedded sandstone and mudstone intervals are present locally, interpreted as inner levée deposits. The channel belt was characterized by a low sinuousity planform architecture, as inferred from outcrop mapping and extensive palaeocurrent measurements. Laterally adjacent to the Lago Sofia Member are interbedded mudstone and sandstone facies derived from gravity flows that spilled over the channel belt margin. A levée interpretation for these fine‐grained units is based on several observations, which include: (i) palaeocurrent measurements that indicate flows diverged (50° to 100°) once they spilled over the confining channel margin; (ii) sandstone beds progressively thin, away from the channel belt margin; (iii) evidence that the eroded channel base was not very well indurated, including a stepped margin and injection of coarse‐grained channel material into surrounding fine‐grained units; and (iv) the presence of sedimentary features common to levées, including slumped units inferring depositional slopes dipping away from the channel margin, lenticular sandstone beds thinning distally from the channel margin, soft sediment deformation and climbing ripples. The tectonic setting and foredeep architecture influenced deposition in the axial channel belt. A significant downstream constriction of the channel belt is reflected by a transition from more tabular units to an internal architecture dominated by lenticular beds associated with a substantially increased degree of scour. Differential propagation of the fold‐thrust belt from the west is speculated to have had a major control on basin, and subsequently channel, width. The confining influence of the basin slopes that paralleled the channel belt, as well as the likelihood that numerous conduits fed into the basin along the length of the active fold‐thrust belt to the west, suggest that proximal–distal relationships observed from large channels in passive margin settings are not necessarily applicable to axial channels in elongate basins. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地东河砂岩段是中国首例获高产工业性油气流的海相滨岸沉积,它是石炭纪初期海侵阶段的沉积产物,包括底部砾岩、中部块状砂岩和上部含砾砂岩沉积。东河砂岩段主体岩性为中细石英质砾岩和岩屑质细砂岩,具有中等偏高的成份和结构成熟度、酸性岩浆岩的重矿物组合、海相沉积物的微量元素特征,发育不同类型的交错层理、平行层理、冲洗层理以及生物扰动构造,垂向上构成河口湾(河流)和滨岸沉积序列。底部砾岩形成于受古地形控制的砾质河流沉积环境;中部块状砂岩和上部含砾砂岩形成于河口湾和前滨、临滨沉积环境。平面上,塔中10井和塔中14井以西地区以前滨和临滨沉积为特征,以东地区以河口湾沉积为特征,整体表现出自西向东的海侵特征。 相似文献
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前人一直认为湘黔桂邻区的板溪群及其相当层位的下江群、丹洲群与南华冰期的沉积序列是连续或部分连续的,没有明显的沉积-构造转换界面。本次调查的锦屏隆里剖面、黎平肇兴剖面、从江黎家坡剖面、三江泗里口剖面、罗城黄金友洞剖面等均显示,板溪期与南华冰期的沉积转换非常明显,主要表现是界面上下的地层岩性、岩石结构构造和沉积相类型等迥然不同。其区域表现是:板溪沉积晚期为海退进积序列,从陆块内部到陆块边缘,地层缺失逐渐减少;江口冰期沉积从陆块边缘到陆块内部,显示出明显的渐次海侵上超特征,越靠近边缘早期沉积序列越完整。我们认为这就是前人提出的“雪峰运动”的沉积表现。因此,在扬子东南缘的湘黔桂邻区一带南华系地层序列是相对完整或近似完整的,应是层型剖面和点（GSSP）选择的最有利地区。目前首要问题是要进一步明晰“南华系”含义,而深入研究和探讨南华大冰期沉积前之板溪群及其相当层位地层的构造属性及其与冰期沉积的转换过程则是建立“南华系”的必要前提。 相似文献
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From outwash to coastal systems in the Portneuf–Forestville deltaic complex (Québec North Shore): Anatomy of a forced regressive deglacial sequence 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pierre Dietrich Jean‐François Ghienne Mathieu Schuster Patrick Lajeunesse Alexis Nutz Rémy Deschamps Claude Roquin Philippe Duringer 《Sedimentology》2017,64(4):1044-1078
Deglacial sequences typically include backstepping grounding zone wedges and prevailing glaciomarine depositional facies. However, in coastal domains, deglacial sequences are dominated by depositional systems ranging from turbiditic to fluvial facies. Such deglacial sequences are strongly impacted by glacio‐isostatic rebound, the rate and amplitude of which commonly outpaces those of post‐glacial eustatic sea‐level rise. This results in a sustained relative sea‐level fall covering the entire depositional time interval. This paper examines a Late Quaternary, forced regressive, deglacial sequence located on the North Shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary (Portneuf Peninsula, Québec, Canada) and aims to decipher the main controls that governed its stratigraphic architecture. The forced regressive deglacial sequence forms a thick (>100 m) and extensive (>100 km2) multiphased deltaic complex emplaced after the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet margin from the study area ca 12 500 years ago. The sedimentary succession is composed of ice‐contact, glaciomarine, turbiditic, deltaic, fluvial and coastal depositional units. A four‐stage development is recognized: (i) an early ice‐contact stage (esker, glaciomarine mud and outwash fan); (ii) an in‐valley progradational stage (fjord head or moraine‐dammed lacustrine deltas) fed by glacigenics; (iii) an open‐coast deltaic progradation, when proglacial depositional systems expanded beyond the valley outlets and merged together; and (iv) a final stage of river entrenchment and shallow marine reworking that affected the previously emplaced deltaic complex. Most of the sedimentary volume (10 to 15 km3) was emplaced during the three‐first stages over a ca 2 kyr interval. In spite of sustained high rates of relative sea‐level fall (50 to 30 mm·year?1), delta plain accretion occurred up to the end of the proglacial open‐coast progradational stage. River entrenchment only occurred later, after a significant decrease in the relative sea‐level fall rates (<30 mm·year?1), and was concurrent with the formation and preservation of extensive coastal deposits (raised beaches, spit platform and barrier sands). The turnaround from delta plain accretion to river entrenchment and coastal erosion is interpreted to be a consequence of the retreat of the ice margin from the river drainage basins that led to the drastic drop of sediment supply and the abrupt decrease in progradation rates. The main internal stratigraphic discontinuity within the forced regressive deglacial sequence does not reflect changes in relative sea‐level variations. 相似文献
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JOHAN N. J. VISSER 《Sedimentology》1997,44(3):507-521
The Late Westphalian to Artinskian glaciomarine deposits of the Karoo and Kalahari basins of southern Africa consist of massive and stratified diamictite, mudrock with ice-rafted material, sandstone, silty rhythmite, shale and subordinate conglomerate forming a cyclic succession recognizable across both basins. A complete cycle comprises a resistant basal unit of apparently massive diamictite overlain by softer, bedded stratified diamictite, sandstone and mudrock with a total thickness of as much as 350 m. Four major cycles are observed each separated by bounding surfaces. Lateral facies changes are present in some cycles. The massive diamictites formed as aprons and fans in front of the ice-grounding line, whereas the stratified diamictites represent more distal debris-flow fans. The sandstones originated in different environments as turbidite sands, small subaqueous outwash channel sands and delta front sands. The rhythmites and mudrock represent blanket deposits derived from turbid meltwater plumes. Cycles represent deglaciation sequences which formed during ice retreat phases caused by eustatic changes in the Karoo and Kalahari basins. Evidence for shorter-term fluctuation of the ice margin is present within the major advance-retreat cycles. Hardly any sediment was deposited during lowstand ice sheet expansion, whereas a deglaciation sequence was laid down during a sea-level rise and ice margin retreat with the volume of meltwater and sediment input depending on temporary stillstands of the ice margin during the retreat phase. The duration of the cycles is between 9 and 11 Ma suggesting major global tectono-eustatic events. Smaller cycles probably linked to orbital forcing were superimposed on the longer-term events. A sequence stratigraphic approach using the stacking of deglaciation sequences with the ice margin advance phases forming bounding surfaces, can be a tool in the framework analysis of ancient glaciomarine basin fills. 相似文献
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Anne E. Jennings John T. Andrews Brett Oliver Maureen Walczak Alan Mix 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(4):825-840
Nares Strait, a major connection between the Arctic Ocean and Baffin Bay, was blocked by coalescent Innuitian and Greenland ice sheets during the last glaciation. This paper focuses on the events and processes leading to the opening of the strait and the environmental response to establishment of the Arctic‐Atlantic throughflow. The study is based on sedimentological, mineralogical and foraminiferal analyses of radiocarbon‐dated cores 2001LSSL‐0014PC and TC from northern Baffin Bay. Radiocarbon dates on benthic foraminifera were calibrated with ΔR = 220±20 years. Basal compact pebbly mud is interpreted as a subglacial deposit formed by glacial overriding of unconsolidated marine sediments. It is overlain by ice‐proximal (red/grey laminated, ice‐proximal glaciomarine unit barren of foraminifera and containing >2 mm clasts interpreted as ice‐rafted debris) to ice‐distal (calcareous, grey pebbly mud with foraminifera indicative of a stratified water column with chilled Atlantic Water fauna and species associated with perennial and then seasonal sea ice cover) glacial marine sediment units. The age model indicates ice retreat into Smith Sound as early as c. 11.7 and as late as c. 11.2 cal. ka BP followed by progressively more distal glaciomarine conditions as the ice margin retreated toward the Kennedy Channel. We hypothesize that a distinct IRD layer deposited between 9.3 and 9 (9.4–8.9 1σ) cal. ka BP marks the break‐up of ice in Kennedy Channel resulting in the opening of Nares Strait as an Arctic‐Atlantic throughflow. Overlying foraminiferal assemblages indicate enhanced marine productivity consistent with entry of nutrient‐rich Arctic Surface Water. A pronounced rise in agglutinated foraminifers and sand‐sized diatoms, and loss of detrital calcite characterize the uppermost bioturbated mud, which was deposited after 4.8 (3.67–5.55 1σ) cal. ka BP. The timing of the transition is poorly resolved as it coincides with the slow sedimentation rates that ensued after the ice margins retreated onto land. 相似文献
17.
西藏拉萨林周地区的下二叠统旁多群的地层层序以前并不十分清楚，其中“杂砾岩”的成因也争议很大。通过详细的野外地质调查和研究，在林周旁多地区新发现了其中部的含有坠石的纹层状粘土岩，并建立了旁多群中部和上部的地层序列。旁多群中部以陆源碎屑少、悬浮泥质为主的欠补偿深水盆地相沉积为特征，而上部以陆源碎屑丰富的滨、浅海相沉积为特征。旁多群自下而上反映了两期岩浆构造事件：第一期发生在该群中部沉积之初，伴随着基性玄武岩的喷发，该群中部沉积时，盆地进入裂谷鼎盛时期，随后进入以旁多群上部为代表的裂谷充填阶段；第二期构造事件可能发生在旁多群和乌鲁龙组沉积之交，乌鲁龙组沉积物中含有大量的长石碎屑、火山岩岩屑和凝灰质沉积岩，指示这期岩浆构造活动的存在。旁多群中的坠石沉积指示旁多群的形成背景是裂谷构造环境下的冰海相。旁多群中的杂砾岩按照成因可以划分为：具有正粒序结构的杂砾岩，为重力流沉积岩，反映侧向水流的搬运；不具有正粒序结构的厚层块状、含有坠石沉积的杂砾岩，为水下冰碛岩，反映冰川、冰筏作用存在，指示大陆上有冰川作用。这种分类和命名有助于石炭-二叠纪冰川发育过程和旋回性的研究，也有助于提高冰海相地层的划分和对比的可靠性和精度。 相似文献
18.
Ming Wang Xiao-wen Zeng Chao-Ming Xie Awang Danzeng Cai Li Jian-Jun Fan 《International Geology Review》2020,62(4):465-478
ABSTRACTTo determine the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Lhasa terrane, we report the results of field mapping, petrological and fossil investigations, and U–Pb dating of detrital zircon grains (n = 474) from lower-greenschist-facies clastic rocks of the Lagar Formation in the Baruo area, Tibet. Our results indicate that the Lagar Formation was deposited during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian in a shallow-marine environment on the northern margin of Gondwana. Glacial marine diamictites are common within the Lagar Formation and record glaciation of Gondwana during the Late Palaeozoic. Moreover, the detrital materials of the Lagar formation originated mostly from the collision orogenic belt. The ages of detrital zircon grains from the Lagar Formation make up five main groups with ages of 410–540 Ma, 550–650 Ma, 800–1100 Ma, 1600–1800 Ma, and 2300–2500 Ma, which display three characteristic age peaks at ~1150, 2390 and 2648 Ma. We tentatively suggest that the Lhasa terrane was a shallow-marine basin under the influence of the Gondwanan glaciation during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian. 相似文献
19.
拉萨地块晚古生代沉积源区转变——来自措勤地区永珠组碎屑锆石的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
晚古生代是拉萨地块地质演化的重要转折期,一些关键地质问题存在争论,如拉萨地块来源问题。选择西藏措勤地区上石炭统永珠组为研究对象,石英砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb测年数据显示523Ma、920Ma两个年龄峰值。通过与拉萨地块及其周缘晚石炭世冰期之前地层碎屑锆石对比,认为拉萨地块永珠组920Ma年龄峰值更具有冈瓦纳大陆靠印度一侧的物源特征,其与南羌塘、拉萨、喜马拉雅微陆块在裂离之前具有显著的亲缘关系。而含有冰筏碎屑的拉嘎组和来姑组中包含的西澳大利亚物源信息(约1180Ma年龄峰值),暗示来自西澳大利亚的冰筏可能通过洋流作用漂移至拉萨地块而后沉积冰筏碎屑。 相似文献