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城市活动断层探测在城市发展建设过程中和保障人民生命财产安全方面起到重要作用。本文以鉴定罗城断裂和上天桥—寺门断裂活动性为目的,在地震地质调查确定其断裂的几何学、运动学和年代学的基础上,选择第四系覆盖断裂最有可能活动的地段,重点采用高密度电法和地震映像方法来探测断裂在隐伏地段的具体位置,通过排钻验证,以及揭露其断裂与第四纪覆盖层之间的错断关系,来确定其断裂最新活动年代。结果表明,高密度电法和地震映像综合物探方法准确探测到了罗城断裂和上天桥—寺门断裂在隐伏地段的位置,且钻孔岩心中断裂面、断裂擦痕、断裂碎裂岩和构造角砾岩等发育,但断裂未错断第四系覆盖层,从而确定其断裂活动年代为早更新世。根据相关规范要求,罗城断裂和上天桥—寺门断裂全新世以来不活动,罗城县的建设规划可不采取避让措施,该鉴定结果为今后罗城县的工程建设提供了安全保障。 相似文献
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鲜水河断裂带全新世活动性研究进展综述 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
鲜水河断裂带是中国西南山区一条现今活动强烈的大型地震断裂。本文在系统总结前人研究成果的基础上, 结合野外地质调查, 综述了鲜水河断裂带空间展布特征、活动性质及强度、历史地震地表破裂特征、地震危险性等方面的研究进展。前人研究结果表明, 鲜水河断裂带以惠远寺为界可分为两段, 进一步可细分为八段;断裂带全新世以来以左旋走滑为主, 兼具逆冲性质;整条断裂现今走滑活动速率约为10mm/a左右, 垂向变形在2mm/a以内;其中断裂带北西段活动速率为10~20mm/a, 南东段则小于10mm/a, 一般为5mm/a左右;断裂带地震活动频繁, 地震活动性北西段明显高于南东段, 强震迁移呈明显的跳跃式特征并具有原地复发性质;断裂带历史地震地表破裂特征与玉树地震所报道的地表破裂特征一致;断裂带地震危险性评价具很多不确定因素, 研究程度相对较低。 相似文献
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隐伏断裂的探测是城市地质调查的基本要素.成都中心城区位于成都平原东侧,整体表现为受断裂控制、西陡东缓的陆内逆冲断陷盆地,并以覆盖巨厚的第四纪砂卵石沉积为特征,隐伏断裂发育特征不明,识别难度大.本文基于多年来成都中心城区地铁勘察、房建地基勘察、水文地质调查、基坑探槽等累积的数据,结合实地勘察与其他地学数据整合信息库,运用计算机三维精细建模与可视化技术,建立了成都中心城区精细三维地质模型.结合实测钻孔剖面图,在精细刻画的三维基岩起伏面上识别出两条明显的北东向隐伏断裂,确定了其在中心城区经过的具体位置及展布形态;结合上覆砂卵石层的分布,确认蒲江-新津-成都断裂为主控断裂,早更新世开始活动,双桥子-包江桥断裂为其次级断裂,晚更新世初开始活动;同时发现了一条可能受断裂控制、贯穿市区的北西西向凹陷带.三维地质模型与沉积层等厚线图揭示了隐伏断裂对沉积的控制作用,砂卵石层沉降中心由西北向东南逐渐迁移.此次研究建立了成都中心城区的三维基岩起伏面模型,识别出了隐伏断裂具体位置及其主要特征,为城市地下空间合理利用、科学规划及地震危险性评价等提供了重要的基础资料. 相似文献
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沂沭断裂带北段东支断裂的浅部构造特征及活动性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沂沭断裂带北段即潍坊市朱里以北的隐伏构造区,其主要隐伏活动断裂对第四系的发育具有控制作用。沂沭断裂带的活动性具有东强西弱的特点,其东支主干断裂是新构造运动强活动带,对地震的发生具有控制作用。莱州湾地区所开展的1∶5万区域地质调查、工程地质调查,通过大量的地面调查、物探、钻探等工作,对沂沭断裂带北段安丘-莒县断裂、昌邑-大店断裂的空间分布及活动性进行了深入调查研究,结果表明:两条主干断裂呈NNE向大致平行展布延伸,进入莱州湾海域,其中昌邑-大店断裂活动性质表现为走滑为主兼具逆冲运动,倾角近直立,倾向大致以东冢村北为界,由南段的倾向东转为北段的倾向西,该断裂最晚活动时代为晚更新世。安丘-莒县断裂控制了新生代地层的空间分布,新生代以来活动方式以向西正断为主,错断全新世地层并造成地表建筑物的开裂,目前仍处于活动期。本次调查首次确定了昌邑潜凸起的存在,该凸起位于断裂带北段东支两条主断裂之间,凸起区第四系厚度明显变薄,局部基岩出露;以柳疃断裂为界,北段潜凸区第四系下伏地层为新近纪明化镇组、馆陶组;南段潜凸区第四系下伏地层为新近纪八亩地组、牛山组,古近纪朱碧店组和白垩纪红土崖组。昌邑潜凸起区的发现对于莱州湾南岸水文地质、工程地质调查研究工作具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2016,(0)
小江断裂带是我国大陆地震活动较强的地区之一,是研究地震地质灾害理想的野外试验场。近年来为探明小江断裂带构造形变特征与断层走滑速率等参数,人们采用不同方法对此进行研究,比如通过地震地质调查、活动断层填图及GPS大地测量、地球物理探测等技术研究小江断裂的构造形变,明确了断层构造形变特点,取得了丰硕的成果。目前常用野外地质调查等地质学方法推演和GPS数据反演等方法推算小江断裂的走滑速率。从两者结果对比看出,GPS反演出的断层走滑速率大多高于地质学反演出的走滑速率。通过野外地质调查等方法只能确定小范围的地质活动速率,难以获得大范围的活动特征。通过GPS技术也只能基于离散点位进行分析,点位分布也较为稀疏。地球物理探测法可分析断裂不同深度、尤其是深部孕震区的构造应变积累活动,精度会受地震台站间距的影响。面对全方位、高精度、大范围的监测活动构造活动性的需要,采用InSAR时序技术测量主要活动断裂带地表缓慢微小形变,将是未来震间形变监测技术发展的主要方向之一。 相似文献
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Shallow seismic reflection profiles and geological structure in the Benton Hills, southeast Missouri 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J.R. Palmer D. Hoffman W.J. Stephenson J.K. Odum R.A. Williams 《Engineering Geology》1997,46(3-4):217-233
During late May and early June of 1993, we conducted two shallow, high-resolution seismic reflection surveys (Mini-Sosie method) across the southern escarpment of the Benton Hills segment of Crowleys Ridge. The reflection profiles imaged numerous post-late Cretaceous faults and folds. We believe these faults may represent a significant earthquake source zone.
The stratigraphy of the Benton Hills consists of a thin, less than about 130 m, sequence of mostly unconsolidated Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary sediments which uncomfortably overlie a much thicker section of Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The survey did not resolve reflectors within the upper 75–100 ms of two-way travel time (about 60–100 m), which would include all of the Tertiary and Quaternary and most of the Cretaceous. However, the Paleozoic-Cretaceous unconformity (Pz) produced an excellent reflection, and locally a shallower reflector within the Cretaceous (K) was resolved. No coherent reflections below about 200 ms of two-way travel time were identified.
Numerous faults and folds, which clearly offset the Paleozoic-Cretaceous unconformity reflector, were imaged on both seismic reflection profiles. Many structures imaged by the reflection data are coincident with the surface mapped locations of faults within the Cretaceous and Tertiary succession. Two locations show important structures that are clearly complex fault zones. The English Hill fault zone, striking N30°–35°E, is present along Line 1 and is important because earlier workers indicated it has Pleistocene Loess faulted against Eocene sands. The Commerce fault zone striking N50°E, overlies a major regional basement geophysical lineament, and is present on both seismic lines at the southern margin of the escarpment.
The fault zones imaged by these surveys are 30 km from the area of intense microseismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). If these are northeast and north-northeast oriented fault zones like those at Thebes Gap they are favorably oriented in the modern stress field to be reactivated as right-lateral strike slip faults. Currently, earthquake hazards assessments are most dependent upon historical seismicity, and there are little geological data available to evaluate the earthquake potential of fault zones outside of the NMSZ. We anticipate that future studies will provide evidence that seismicity has migrated between fault zones well beyond the middle Mississippi Valley. The potential earthquake hazards represented by faults outside the NMSZ may be significant. 相似文献
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Theoretical and applied implications of the study of active faults and their identification and parametrization are discussed.
The term active fault is defined as a fault with displacements that occurred in the late Pleistocene and Holocene and are expected to resume in
the future. The displaced young landforms, late Quaternary sediments, and man-made constructions are the main reference marks
to recognize active faults and estimate their kinematics and intensity. Since the structural pattern and parameters of all
active faults are referred to the same, geologically short time interval, they are important for the study of recent geodynamics
and young tectogenesis on the global, regional, and local scales. The opportunities that are opened for such investigations
are illustrated by verification of the real existence of the Okhotsk and Bering minor plates. With allowance for active faults,
it is possible to make tectonic and geodynamic reconstructions of the past events more plausible. Natural hazards, primarily,
earthquakes, are related to active faults. The geological and geomorphic assessment of the seismic potential of active fault
zones is discussed with emphasis on the maximum possible magnitude of earthquakes (M
max) estimated from the segmentation of the active zones, the length of particular segments (L), the empirical relationships M
max/L for strong recent earthquakes, as well as the resumption periods of strong earthquakes and measurement of particular seismogenic
offsets by trenching and other techniques, including archeoseismological methods. A question is posed about possible perennial
variations in the stress-and-strain state of active zones, which are expressed on the scale of large seismoactive regions
in oscillations of released seismic energy and should be taken into account by assessment of the seismic hazard. 相似文献
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京张高铁预选路线跨越延矾盆地北缘活动断裂隐伏段,隐伏活动断裂的产状、活动性对高铁设计、建设和运营具有直接影响。针对盆地隐伏活动断裂的复杂性特征,利用可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、浅层地震、高密度电阻率综合地球物理探测,以及钻孔地层剖面记录等方法,分析延矾盆地北缘活动断裂隐伏段特征,结果表明:(1)延矾盆地北缘活动断裂隐伏段由两条次级断层组成(F2-1、F2-2),二者大致平行分布,走向N56°E,倾角为50～70°,平面上,与地表出露段共同呈右阶雁列分布;(2)F2-1次级断层可分辨上断点埋深约10 m,其晚更新世以来垂直滑动速率大约0.12 mm/a,应是重大工程建设重点设防对象,次级断裂F2-2可分辨上断点埋深约30 m,晚更新世以来活动性弱;(3)通过钻孔地层剖面记录与地球物理探测成果对比,CSAMT法与浅层地震勘探对基岩顶界面探测可靠有效,高密度电阻率法对于该地区浅部第四系松散堆积物探测效果显著,比较直观地反映出电性异常体的形态和规模,通过综合地球物理探测,能够做到优势互补,减少隐伏活动断层解译的不确定性。 相似文献
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A Comprehensive Investigation of an Offshore Active Fault in the Western Sagami Bay, Central Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Offshore active faults, especially those in the deep sea, are very difficult to study because of the water and sedimentary cover. To characterize the nature and geometry of offshore active faults, a combination of methods must be employed. Generally, seismic profiling is used to map these faults, but often only fault-related folds rather than fracture planes are imaged. Multi-beam swath bathymetry provides information on the structure and growth history of a fault because movements of an active fault are reflected in the bottom morphology. Submersible and deep-tow surveys allow direct observations of deformations on the seafloor (including fracture zones and microstructures). In the deep sea, linearly aligned cold seep communities provide indirect evidence for active faults and the spatial migration of their activities.The Western Sagami Bay fault (WSBF) in the western Sagami Bay off central Japan is an active fault that has been studied in detail using the above methods. The bottom morphology, fracture 相似文献
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利用Landsat 8、Google Earth等中高分辨率遥感影像以及ASTER GDEM资料并结合前人研究成果,在分析总结江西九江及邻区主要活动断裂带遥感影像解译标志的基础上,获取该区主要活动断裂空间展布情况,结合地震地质资料进一步探讨该区主要活动断裂的性质及其第四纪活动性。研究发现,该地区断裂构造空间展布复杂,以北东与北西走向为主,其中的主要活动断裂带可归并为4大断裂系统,分别为庐江-广济断裂系、黄冈-鄱阳断裂系、九江断裂系和东至-鄱阳断裂系。根据主要断裂带的地貌错位、三维地貌与地形信息及历史地震数据等对断裂活动性进行分析和分级,将该区主要断裂的现今活动性划分为显著、较显著和一般3个级别,并进一步讨论了区域断裂活动与地震的关系。 相似文献
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华北克拉通破坏区是历史破坏性地震频发区,震源机制解和地震地表破裂带等反映出历史地震的发震断层为新生走滑断层,很难用地壳的伸展构造系统来合理解释.首先对1679年三河-平谷M8.0级地震的大厂隐伏凹陷西边界夏垫断裂进行高分辨率地震勘探和上盘钻孔地层进行标定,然后在河套断陷盆地带大青山南麓晚更新世湖相地层中识别出2期角度不整合面(UC1和UC2),并进行了系统测年,综合近年来活动断层比例尺填图和城市活动断层探测成果,明确指出,在华北克拉通破坏区,代表新生代早期地壳伸展运动的铲形正断层的活动性在上新世至第四纪早期逐渐减弱,到晚更新世早期基本停止活动;晚更新世中期以来大青山构造运动为华北克拉通破坏区最新一期构造运动,主要表现为区域剪切应变条件下新生走滑断层形成和扩展,并伴随相关地震活动.最新构造运动的主要动力来源于青藏高原物质东向挤出,以及其对鄂尔多斯块体西南缘强烈东向推挤作用.这些新认识对深化华北克拉通破坏区地震发震机理研究,理解板内最新变形动力学,均具有十分重要的科学价值. 相似文献
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Antonio Pedrera Jesús Galindo‐Zaldívar Antonio Ruiz‐Bustos José Rodríguez‐Fernández Ana Ruiz‐Constán 《第四纪科学杂志》2009,24(6):581-592
The NW–SE shortening between the African and the Eurasian plates is accommodated in the eastern Betic Cordillera along a broad area that includes large N‐vergent folds and kilometric NE–SW sinistral faults with related seismicity. We have selected the best exposed small‐scale tectonic structures located in the western Huércal‐Overa Basin (Betic Cordillera) to discuss the seismotectonic implications of such structures usually developed in seismogenic zones. Subvertical ESE–WNW pure dextral faults and E–W to ENE–ESW dextral‐reverse faults and folds deform the Quaternary sediments. The La Molata structure is the most impressive example, including dextral ESE–WNW Neogene faults, active southward‐dipping reverse faults and associated ENE–WSW folds. A molar M1 assigned to Mimomys savini allows for precise dating of the folded sediments (0.95–0.83 Ma). Strain rates calculated across this structure give ～0.006 mm a?1 horizontal shortening from the Middle Pleistocene up until now. The widespread active deformations on small‐scale structures contribute to elastic energy dissipation around the large seismogenic zones of the eastern Betics, decreasing the seismic hazard of major fault zones. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The Vienna Basin fault system is a slow moving (1–2 mm/y) active sinistral fault extending from the Alps through the Vienna
Basin into the Carpathians. It comprises an array of NE-striking sinistral strike-slip segments, which differ both by their
kinematic and seismologic properties. Among these, the Lassee segment 30 km east of Vienna is of particular interest for seismic
hazard assessment as it shows a significant seismic slip deficit. The segment is located about 8 km from the Roman city of
Carnuntum, for which archaeological data indicate a destructive earthquake in the fourth century a.d. (local intensity about 9 EMS-98). Mapping of the Lassee segment using 2D seismic, GPR, tectonic geomorphology and Pleistocene
basin analysis shows a negative flower structure at a releasing bend of the Vienna Basin fault. The hanging wall of the flower
structure includes a Quaternary basin filled with up to 100-m thick Pleistocene growth strata. Faults root in the basal detachment
of the Alpine-Carpathian floor thrust at about 8 km depth. The active faults east of the flower structure offset a Middle
Pleistocene terrace of the Danube River forming an up to 20-m high composite fault scarp. High-resolution GPR (40, 500 MHz)
mapped at least four distinct surface-breaking faults along this scarp including three faults, which are covered by about
2 m of post-tectonic strata. The youngest fault offsets these strata and coincides with a 0.5-m high scarp. This scarp may
be interpreted as the product of a single surface-breaking earthquake, provided that the mapped fault offset formed during
coseismic surface rupture. Data indicate that the Lassee segment may well be regarded the source of the fourth century earthquake.
The interpretation is in line with local attenuation relations indicating a source close to the damaged site, observed fault
dimensions and the fault offsets recorded by GPR and morphology. 相似文献
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逆序断裂的发育特征与地震反射识别 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在具有盆地基底和未固结盖层的双层结构的盆地里,由于松散盖层对基底断裂应变的吸收,晚期发育的基底断裂在进入盖层后,应变会逐渐减小甚至消失,形成下部错动大、上部错动小的特点,本文把这样的后期断裂称之为逆序断裂。当基底断裂为走滑断裂时,逆序断裂具有双层空间构造样式,即在盆地基底发育主干走滑断裂、而在盖层优先发育另外走向的次级雁行断裂。逆序断裂在渤海湾盆地普遍发育,本文以歧口凹陷的张北断裂带和白水头断裂带为例(这两处断裂带都在下构造层发育北东向基底走滑断裂、而在上构造层发育近东西向盖层次级正断裂),运用三维地震资料,结合沿层属性和垂直剖面,阐述了逆序断裂的发育特征和对地震反射剖面的识别。由于之前晚期的逆序断裂一般被当作早期同沉积生长断裂对待,本文希望能帮助重新认识渤海湾地区的区域断裂期次和构造发育演化过程。 相似文献