共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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以涠西南凹陷北部陡坡带中段流一段下亚段为研究对象,综合利用三维地震、测井、录井、钻井岩心及分析测试等资料,对研究区异重流成因深水扇的沉积特征、控制因素及沉积模式进行了研究。结果表明,断陷盆地陡坡带至湖盆底部可发育洪水型异重流沉积,依次为顺直水道、弯曲水道和朵叶体,其延伸距离约为15 km,宽度为50~150 m。其中,水道地震反射明显强于周围深水泥岩,其内部沉积以砂岩和含砾砂岩为主;朵叶体沉积主要为细砂岩或粉砂岩,富含陆源植物碎屑,其粒度概率曲线以上拱弧式及宽缓上拱式为主,样品点分布大致平行于C=M基线,指示重力流沉积动力特征。垂向上,单层砂岩一般表现为逆粒序与正粒序成对出现,中部粒度最粗,可见泥质碎屑呈叠瓦状排列,且发育层内微侵蚀面。此外,异重流沉积内部发育块状层理、平行层理、波状交错层理及爬升砂纹层理等沉积构造。“源汇”系统决定了异重流的沉积特征与展布,万山隆起东部岩浆岩等物源输入是异重流形成的物质基础,强构造运动、陡坡折带、湿润半湿润气候及低湖水密度是控制异重流发育程度的主要因素。研究区异重流的发现不仅丰富了断陷湖盆陡坡带沉积相类型,也为陡坡带进一步油气勘探提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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异重流沉积研究进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在相关文献调研基础上,综述了异重流沉积研究现状,并结合中生代湖相异重岩研究实例,建立了“沟道-舌状体-朵状体”异重流沉积模式。异重流(hyperpycnal flow)是一种由洪水期河口直接注入、因密度大于汇水盆地水体密度而沿水体底部分层流动的持续型浊流。它呈牛顿流变性质、紊乱流动状态、湍流支撑机制,具有更高的发生频率和稳定的沉积物供给。异重流主要受地形、气候、密度差等因素控制,海洋和湖泊均有发生;水体密度小、近物源、地形高差大、中-小河流发育、构造活动强烈的陆相淡水湖泊更利于异重流的产生,但陆相湖盆异重流沉积并未引起足够的重视。异重流自近端向远端总体呈稀释趋势,依次对应于特定的沉积构造及序列;由异重流形成的沉积岩被称作异重岩(hyperpycnite),以发育由洪水增强-减弱所产生的逆粒序-正粒序组合、层内微侵蚀面、富含陆源有机质区别于其他浊积岩。深入研究异重流沉积,不仅有益于完善重力流沉积理论、分析沉积环境,而且有利于指导深水非常规油气勘探,具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽西南端1.3ka以来异重流沉积记录及其古气候响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以冲绳海槽西南端的HOBAB4?S1岩芯为研究对象,综合利用粒度、沉积构造、AMS14C测年等资料,对研究区异重流沉积特征进行研究,对异重流发育的时间段与晚全新世气候事件进行对应。结果表明,岩芯中发育17段异重流沉积,其沉积物组分以砂质粉砂为主,粒度频率分布曲线多呈以70~130 μm为中心的单峰,C?M图上样品点集中分布区间大致平行于C=M基线,且位于PQ段以下,表明沉积物搬运方式为重力流悬浮搬运。异重流内部发育平行层理、爬升沙纹层理和粒序层理等沉积构造。异重流沉积类型主要有两类,一类是厚层异重流沉积,底部侵蚀面发育,内部发育多组逆—正粒序组合,指示了水动力较强,侵蚀作用和沉积作用均较明显的异重流近端沉积;另一类是薄层异重流沉积,底部侵蚀面不发育,内部不发育或仅发育一组逆—正粒序组合,指示了水动力较弱的异重流边部沉积。HOBAB4?S1岩芯的异重流层段集中发育在800~1 300 A.D.之间,指示了当时气候条件为高温高湿,台风、洪水频发,降雨量较大,验证了“中世纪暖期”在东亚地区的存在。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段深水重力流沉积类型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段取芯段为主要研究对象,以详细的岩芯观察为基础,以Z43井为例,研究鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段深水重力流沉积类型及其特征。研究结果表明,研究区主要发育砂质碎屑流沉积、低密度浊流沉积及混合事件层三种沉积类型。砂质碎屑流沉积整体呈块状,岩性为中—细砂岩,内部可见多个接触面,为多套砂质碎屑流沉积垂向叠置形成。低密度浊流沉积中大部分为中—薄层的正粒序砂岩垂向叠置而成,部分泥质含量较高,表现出砂泥互层的特征。混合事件层主要由下部干净的块状细砂岩与上部富含变形泥岩撕裂屑的砂质泥岩或泥质砂岩成对组合形成,其成因为浊流流动过程中侵蚀泥质基底,黏土物质或泥质碎屑的混入导致浊流向泥质碎屑流转化,最终形成下部浊流沉积上部泥质碎屑流沉积的混合事件层。相近位置不同深度不同类型的深水重力流沉积垂向叠置,指示了复杂多变的重力流流体演化过程。对重力流沉积类型的准确认识,能进一步促进对深水重力流流体转化过程的理解,明确深水重力流沉积分布,为鄂尔多斯盆地深水重力流沉积及常规与非常规油气勘探与开发提供理论指导。 相似文献
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【意义】异重流（hyperpycnal flow）是一种源自洪水期河口、受重力驱动而沿沉积盆地底部流动、以准稳态存在的高密度沉积物重力流。异重流沉积研究对于地质科学进步、地质灾害防治和油气勘探开发等具有重要的理论和现实意义，已成为地球科学与工程领域的研究热点之一。【进展与结论】通过对国内外相关研究进展的综合分析，结合国内湖相异重流沉积典型实例研究，认为：（1）异重流的形成需要两种流体之间有足够的密度差、蓄水水体有足够的深度和突发的洪水事件3个基本条件，就输入流体密度条件而言，海相（或咸水）环境要远大于陆相（或淡水）环境；（2）异重流的形成主要受控于构造、气候、地形、物源供给等因素的综合作用，活跃的构造、湿润的气候、陡峭的地形和充足的碎屑物质供给有利于异重流的发生；（3）在不同沉积位置和沉积背景条件下，异重岩（hyperpycnite）的沉积特征不尽相同，故难以用单一的标志来判识不同条件下沉积的异重岩；（4）在靠近（分流）河口近端（扇根），异重流沟道可与水下分流河道相连，以主水道的侵蚀、填充作用为主，形成下切的主水道砂砾岩体，以侵蚀面+滞留沉积+正粒序砂岩为主要鉴别特征，可含动物及植物茎... 相似文献
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异重流沉积动力学过程及沉积特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
异重流(hyperpycnal flows)是指在汇水盆地水深足够条件下,由于携带大量沉积物颗粒,导致流体密度大于稳定环境水体的密度,流体受浮力影响小,沿盆地底部流动的高密度流体,在海水环境中形成异重流的临界沉积物密度为36~43 kg/m~3(体积浓度1.3%~1.7%)。异重流主要受洪水触发形成;从河口到汇水盆地经过回流区、深度有限流区、潜入区的演化,最终形成异重流;主要经历"早期沉积—侵蚀过路—晚期沉积"的沉降过程,在沉积近端以侵蚀充填沉积为主,远端以持续沉积为主;异重流的形成及其沉积主要受地形、气候、物源的控制,地形高差大、半干旱气候条件、丰富的细粒悬浮沉积物供给有利于异重流形成。异重流沉积特征及沉积序列受"源—汇"系统的控制,以流水成因交错层理、层内突变接触面或侵蚀接触面、碳质碎屑和植物碎片为区别于其他深水重力流沉积的典型沉积构造;沉积序列由沉积近端到沉积远端可能依次发育厚层序列、逆正粒序序列、薄层细粒序列。异重流研究具有十分重要的意义,能够丰富和完善深水重力流理论、探究古气候变化和古洪水作用规律、合理解释深水重力流沉积和砂体分布特征、指导深水常规和非常规油气的勘探。 相似文献
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利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定和粒度分析等方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵地区上三叠统延长组长7、长6油层组浊积岩沉积特征与油气地质意义进行了研究。研究结果表明,浊积岩主要为长石砂岩,以棱角状—次棱角状为主,粒度具有典型的浊流沉积特征。沉积构造可见泥底构造、同生变形构造、粒序递变层、鲍玛序列等。最常见的鲍玛序列有ABC型、AB型、ADE型、AE型、CDE型和A段叠置型,具备浊积岩的典型特点。识别出薄层浊积岩和中厚层浊积岩,其属于三角洲前缘滑塌成因,可分为中心微相和边缘微相。浊流砂体是半深湖—深湖区发育的良好储集体,其分布区可作为重要的油气勘探区。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地三水河剖面上三叠统块状砂岩的异重流成因——来自岩石结构的证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于储层质量好、非均质性弱、成藏条件优越,深水沉积中的块状砂岩常常成为油气勘探开发的重要目标。相对具有各种交错层理等沉积构造的其他砂岩而言,块状砂岩的成因判识难度更大。因此,对块状砂岩成因机制的研究,直接影响了其沉积过程的认识,制约了其沉积模式、储层预测地质模型的重建。针对鄂尔多斯盆地南部旬邑县三水河剖面中发育的晚三叠世中层—巨厚层块状砂岩,利用高密度岩石样品的岩石薄片和激光粒度分析,对块状砂岩的粒度组成、粒度参数及其垂向变化特征进行研究。结果表明: 1）块状砂岩为长石岩屑质极细砂—细砂岩,内部偶含漂浮状灰黑色、红褐色泥砾,底部发育球枕、沟模等沉积构造;2）块状砂岩之间及其与交错层理砂岩层之间夹薄层—极薄层灰黑色泥岩、油页岩,二者间突变接触常见;3）岩石薄片中碎屑颗粒分选差,呈棱角—次棱角状,成分及结构成熟度中等偏低;4）粒度组成上,跳跃组分与悬浮组分各占50%左右,显示底床载荷与悬浮载荷同时存在且贡献相当;5）其偏度与浊流沉积相似,但其分选略差于浊流沉积,与三角洲沉积相差更远;6）垂向上,块状砂岩内部存在多期分米级复合韵律,厚度范围为10~30 cm。综合研究区地质背景、沉积构造、微观显微结构、粒度组成及其搬运过程、沉积分异解释结果,认为该剖面块状砂岩为洪水成因的异重流沉积。该研究丰富了对深水块状砂岩成因的理解,深化了异重流沉积块状砂岩结构特征的认识,同时也为异重流沉积的判识提供了依据。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系延长组一段湖相浊积岩主要分布于子长县寺湾和横山县庙沟等地区,位于长一段上部。岩石类型包括:块状砂岩,近基的中细粒砂岩,远基的粉砂岩及细砂岩,不规则砂、泥岩互层和深湖相泥岩。据岩石组合类型将该浊积扇划分为上扇和中扇,其沉积序列为向上粒度变粗、砂层变厚的进积型浊积扇沉积序列。根据底部印模构造指向,物源区大致位于研究区的北东。本文总结了浊积扇的演化,探讨了该浊积扇的发现对于认识区域构造背景及油气勘探的意义。 相似文献
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随着页岩油气勘探开发和相关领域研究的不断深入,细粒沉积物的搬运和沉积已成为当前沉积学研究的热点问题之一,但中国中生代湖泊环境中的泥质重力流沉积尚未引起应有的关注。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定等手段及综合研究,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世湖相泥质重力流沉积特征,探讨了其形成机制与成因分类。鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组湖相泥页岩结构类型多样,发育泥质块体流沉积、泥质碎屑流沉积、泥质浊流沉积和泥质异重流沉积等多种重力流沉积类型。按照泥质含量将重力流划分为砂质重力流、泥质重力流和混合重力流3种亚类,并根据成因将重力流划分为滑塌体、碎屑流、浊流及异重流等4种亚类;结合成因和泥质含量,将重力流沉积共划分为12种类型。滑塌岩、碎屑岩分布于三角洲前缘斜坡脚附近;浊积岩、异重岩广泛分布于三角洲斜坡至沉积中心。认为泥质沉积物可以在强水动力条件下搬运-沉积;重力流沉积细粒物质在湖相沉积中占据很大的比例;泥质重力流对泥页岩中的碎屑物质、黏土矿物及有机质的搬运和沉积起到重要作用,因而对于页岩油气的生烃、储集性能和压裂工艺研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Deep-water gravity flows are one of the most important sediment transport mechanisms on Earth. After 60 years of study,significant achievements have been made in terms of classification schemes,genetic mechanisms,and depositional models of deep-water gravity flows. The research history of deep-water gravity flows can be divided into five stages: incipience of turbidity current theory; formation of turbidity current theory; development of deep-water gravity flow theory; improvement and perfection of deep-water gravity flow theory; and comprehensive development of deep-water gravity flow theory. Currently,three primary classification schemes based on the sediment support mechanism,the rheology and transportation process,and the integration of sediment support mechanisms,rheology,sedimentary characteristics,and flow state are commonly used.Different types of deep-water gravity flow events form different types of gravity flow deposits. Sediment slump retransportation mainly forms muddy debris flows,sandy debris flows,and surge-like turbidity currents. Resuspension of deposits by storms leads to quasi-steady hyperpycnal turbidity currents(hyperpycnal flows). Sustainable sediment supplies mainly generate muddy debris flows,sandy debris flows,and hyperpycnal flows. Deep-water fans,which are commonly controlled by debris flows and hyperpycnal flows,are triggered by sustainable sediment supply; in contrast,deep-water slope sedimentary deposits consist mainly of debris flows that are triggered by the retransportation of sediment slumps and deep-water fine-grained sedimentary deposits are derived primarily from finegrained hyperpycnal flows that are triggered by the resuspension of storm deposits. Harmonization of classification schemes,transformation between different types of gravity flow deposit,and monitoring and reproduction of the sedimentary processes of deep-water gravity flows as well as a source-to-sink approach to document the evolution and deposition of deep-water gravity flows are the most important research aspects for future studies of deep-water gravity flows study in the future. 相似文献
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页岩油气的勘探开发推动了泥页岩沉积机理研究的快速发展,使得细粒物质的搬运和沉积成为当今沉积学界和油气工业界共同关注的焦点。尽管海洋环境下的泥质重力流沉积研究成果频见报道,但有关我国新生代湖泊环境中的泥质重力流沉积尚未引起沉积学界的关注。故本文在国内外相关文献调研基础上,以岩芯观察和薄片鉴定为重点,分析了渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段湖相泥质重力流沉积特征;探讨了湖相泥质重力流沉积的形成机制;以期为湖泊沉积学研究和陆相页岩油气开发提供参考。研究发现,东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段发育泥质块体流、泥质碎屑流、泥质浊流及泥质异重流等多种重力流沉积类型;泥质滑塌岩、泥质碎屑岩、泥质浊积岩和泥质异重岩在时空上可以共生共存。认为泥质沉积物可以在动荡水体和较强水动力条件下沉淀;泥质重力流沉积在深水沉积区占有重要地位;泥质重力流对于泥页岩中的粗粒碎屑物质、有机质的搬运和沉积以及有机质的埋藏起到重要作用,因而具有重要的非常规油气地质意义。 相似文献
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在详细野外剖面工作的基础上,通过岩性特征、沉积构造及沉积序列等的系统观察研究,发现济源盆地下侏罗统鞍腰组重力流沉积由滑塌沉积、砂质碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积构成。滑塌沉积以砂岩和泥岩的混杂、岩层的滑动变形以及泥岩呈碎块被卷入砂岩层中为特征;砂质碎屑流沉积常呈厚层块状,颗粒分选和磨圆较差,杂基较多,可见漂浮于层内的石灰岩砾石;常见的浊流沉积分为2种类型: 具有明显正粒序结构的浊流沉积和砂泥岩薄互层的浊流沉积,可用鲍马序列来描述。鞍腰组重力流沉积可划分为3个沉积序列: 序列A记录了滑塌沉积→砂质碎屑流沉积→浊流沉积→深湖沉积的转换过程;序列B表现为砂质碎屑流与浊流沉积的叠覆;序列C由浊流及湖泊沉积构成,并经历了由序列A→序列B→序列C的沉积演化过程。重力流的形成受秦岭造山带于早侏罗世沿三门峡—鲁山—舞阳断裂发生逆冲推覆作用的控制,其沉积演化指示了秦岭造山带造山作用由强到弱的过程。 相似文献
15.
16.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):2117-2148
The origin of the fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the northern steep slopes of the Minfeng Sub‐sag, Dongying Sag, China, was investigated by integrating core studies and flume tank depositional simulations. A non‐channelized depositional model is proposed in this paper for nearshore subaqueous fans in steep fault‐controlled slopes of lacustrine rift basins. The deposits of nearshore subaqueous fans along the base of steep border‐fault slopes of rift basins are typically composed of deep‐water coarse‐grained sediment gravity‐flow deposits directly sourced from adjacent footwalls. Sedimentation processes of nearshore subaqueous fans respond to tectonic activities of boundary faults and to seasonal rainfall. During tectonically active stages, subaqueous debris flows triggered by episodic movements of border‐faults dominate the sedimentation. During tectonically quiescent stages, hyperpycnal flows generated by seasonal rainfall‐generated floods, normal discharges of mountain‐derived rivers and deep‐lacustrine suspension sedimentation are commonly present. The results of a series of flume tank depositional simulations show that the sediments deposited by subaqueous debris flows are wedge‐shaped and non‐channelized, whereas the sediments deposited by hyperpycnal flows generated by sporadic floods from seasonal rainfall are characterized by non‐channelized, coarse‐grained lobate depositional bodies which switch laterally because of compensation sedimentation of hyperpycanal flows. The hyperpycnal‐flow‐deposited non‐channelized lobate depositional bodies can be divided into a main body and lateral edges. The main body can be further subdivided into a proximal part, middle part and frontal part. Normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited sediments are characterized by thin‐bedded, fine‐grained sandstones and siltstones with a limited distribution range. Normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited sediments and deep‐lacustrine mudstones are commonly eroded in the area close to boundary faults. A nearshore subaqueous fan can be divided into three segments: inner fan, middle fan and outer fan. The inner fan is composed of debrites and the proximal part of the main body. The middle fan consists of the middle part of the main body and lateral edges, normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited fine‐grained sediments and deep‐lacustrine mudstones. The outer fan comprises the frontal part of the main body, lateral edges, and deep‐lacustrine mudstones. Based on the non‐channelized depositional model for nearshore subaqueous fans, criteria for stratigraphic subdivision and correlation are discussed and applied. 相似文献
17.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):2149-2170
Hyperpycnal currents are river‐derived turbidity currents capable of transporting significant volumes of sediment from the shoreline onto the shelf and potentially further to deep ocean basins. However, their capacity to deposit sand bodies on the continental shelf is poorly understood. Shelf hyperpycnites remain an overlooked depositional element in source to sink systems, primarily due to their limited recognition in the rock record. Recent discoveries of modern shelf hyperpycnites, and previous work describing hyperpycnites deposited in slope or deep‐water settings, provide a valuable framework for understanding and recognizing shelf hyperpycnites in the rock record. This article describes well‐sorted lobate sand bodies on the continental shelf of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, interpreted to have been deposited by hyperpycnal currents. These hyperpycnites of the Jurassic Lajas Formation are characterized by well‐sorted, medium‐grained, parallel‐laminated sandstones with hundreds of metre extensive, decimetre thick beds encased by organic‐rich, thinly laminated sandstone and siltstone. These deposits represent slightly obliquely‐migrating sand lobes fed by small rivers and deposited on the continental shelf. Hyperpycnites of the Lajas Formation highlight several unique characteristics of hyperpycnal deposits, including their distinctively thick horizontal laminae attributed to pulsing of the hyperpycnal currents, the extraction of coarse gravel due to low flow competence, and the extraction of mud due to lofting of light interstitial fluid. Recognition of shelf hyperpycnites in the Lajas Formation of the Neuquén Basin allows for a broader understanding of shelf processes and adds to the developing facies models of hyperpycnites. Recognizing and understanding the geometry and internal architecture of shelf hyperpycnites will improve current understanding of sediment transfer from rivers to deeper water, will improve palaeoenvironmental interpretations of sediment gravity‐flow deposits, and has implications for modelling potentially high‐quality hydrocarbon reservoirs. 相似文献
18.
Subaqueous sediment gravity flow is the volumetrically most important process transporting sediment across our planet, which forms its largest sediment accumulations (submarine fan). Based on the previous studies, we tried to clear up the concept, classification and identification of subaqueous sediment gravity flow, and introduced the progress of modern direct observation and submarine fan model. Turbidity current and debris flow are two of the most important parts of the gravity flow, the former deposits layer by layer with normal gradation while the latter is en masse settling with chaotic disorder. The turbidity current transformed into the debris flow during the transportation is called hybrid flow. The hyperpycnal flow is the turbidity current formed by flood discharges into the ocean/lake. Modern direct observations show that the turbidity current can contain dense basal layers and last for a week. The structure of turbidity current can be different from those surge-like turbidity current observed in laboratory. Submarine fans are mainly composed of channel, levee, lobe, background deposits and mass transport deposits, which should be studied by architecture analysis and hierarchical classification. The channel deposits extend narrowly with abundant erosion structures; levee deposits are composed of thin layer mud-silty turbidites, wedge thinning laterally; the lobe deposits extend well laterally with narrow range of grain size. The hierarchy of channel deposits is channel unit, channel complex and channel complex system. The hierarchy of lobe deposits is bed, lobe element, lobe and lobe complex. 相似文献
19.
G.Shanmugam 《古地理学报》2018,(3)
Sedimentologic, oceanographic, and hydraulic engineering publications on hyperpycnal flows claim that(1) river flows transform into turbidity currents at plunge points near the shoreline,(2) hyperpycnal flows have the power to erode the seafloor and cause submarine canyons, and,(3) hyperpycnal flows are efficient in transporting sand across the shelf and can deliver sediments into the deep sea for developing submarine fans. Importantly, these claims do have economic implications for the petroleum industry for predicting sandy reservoirs in deep-water petroleum exploration. However, these claims are based strictly on experimental or theoretical basis, without the supporting empirical data from modern depositional systems. Therefore, the primary purpose of this article is to rigorously evaluate the merits of these claims.A global evaluation of density plumes, based on 26 case studies(e.g., Yellow River, Yangtze River, Copper River,Hugli River(Ganges), Guadalquivir River, Rio de la Plata Estuary, Zambezi River, among others); suggests a complex variability in nature. Real-world examples show that density plumes(1) occur in six different environments(i.e., marine,lacustrine, estuarine, lagoon, bay, and reef);(2) are composed of six different compositional materials(e.g., siliciclastic,calciclastic, planktonic, etc.);(3) derive material from 11 different sources(e.g., river flood, tidal estuary, subglacial, etc.);(4) are subjected to 15 different external controls(e.g., tidal shear fronts, ocean currents, cyclones, tsunamis, etc.); and,(5) exhibit 24 configurations(e.g., lobate, coalescing, linear, swirly, U-Turn, anastomosing, etc.).Major problem areas are:(1) There are at least 16 types of hyperpycnal flows(e.g., density flow, underflow, high-density hyperpycnal plume, high-turbid mass flow, tide-modulated hyperpycnal flow, cyclone-induced hyperpycnal turbidity current, multi-layer hyperpycnal flows, etc.), without an underpinning principle of fluid dynamics.(2) The basic tenet that river currents transform into turbidity currents at plunge points near the shoreline is based on an experiment that used fresh tap water as a standing body. In attempting to understand all density plumes, such an experimental result is inapplicable to marine waters(sea or ocean) with a higher density due to salt content.(3) Published velocity measurements from the Yellow River mouth, a classic area, are of tidal currents, not of hyperpycnal flows. Importantly, the presence of tidal shear front at the Yellow River mouth limits seaward transport of sediments.(4) Despite its popularity, the hyperpycnite facies model has not been validated by laboratory experiments or by real-world empirical field data from modern settings.(5) The presence of an erosional surface within a single hyperpycnite depositional unit is antithetical to the basic principles of stratigraphy.(6) The hypothetical model of "extrabasinal turbidites", deposited by river-flood triggered hyperpycnal flows,is untenable. This is because high-density turbidity currents, which serve as the conceptual basis for the model, have never been documented in the world's oceans.(7) Although plant remains are considered a criterion for recognizing hyperpycnites, the "Type 1" shelf-incising canyons having heads with connection to a major river or estuarine system could serve as a conduit for transporting plant remains by other processes, such as tidal currents.(8) Genuine hyperpycnal flows are feeble and muddy by nature, and they are confined to the inner shelf in modern settings.(9) Distinguishing criteria of ancient hyperpycnites from turbidites or contourites are muddled.(10) After 65 years of research since Bates(AAPG Bulletin 37: 2119-2162, 1953), our understanding of hyperpycnal flows and their deposits is still incomplete and without clarity. 相似文献