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1.
非饱和花岗岩残积土崩解机制试验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为研究非饱和花岗岩残积土的崩解机制,将取自广州的残积土试样根据不同含水率和压实度进行制备,用自制仪器进行崩解性试验,并对相关公式进行修正并用于试验数据处理。同时,从微观角度将土颗粒的粒间受力状态进行简化分析,继而对非饱和花岗岩残积土的崩解机制进行分析,结果表明,主要控制因素为孔隙气压（有效孔隙率）和基质吸力。结合试验结果,建立崩解稳定阶段平均速度与有效空洞率及基质吸力的关系,结果表明,分别呈指数函数和对数函数正相关。 相似文献
2.
侵入岩脉风化壳对中林村残积土滑坡渗流场和稳定性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩脉侵入是一种普遍的地质现象,侵入岩脉及其风化壳对斜坡的渗流场和稳定性具有重要影响,但目前国内外在该方面的研究鲜见报道。我国东南沿海约50×104 km2的白垩系火山岩地层中广泛分布侵入岩脉及其风化壳,改变了该地区残积土斜坡的失稳机制。以浙江省文成县中林滑坡为对象,研究花岗岩脉风化壳对其渗流场和稳定性的影响。中林滑坡主要由凝灰岩及其残积土组成,后部有侵入的花岗岩脉及其残积土,利用室内土柱试验获取降雨作用下两种残积土渗透性质的差异,利用不同含水率下的直剪试验获取非饱和抗剪强度参数;利用Geo-studio软件中的Seep/W模块反演土柱降雨试验,获取两种土体的非饱和渗透参数;接着将上述参数应用于中林滑坡的渗流场模拟,获取降雨入渗下坡体的渗流场;将渗流场耦合到坡体稳定性计算中,获取了坡体的稳定性变化曲线及最危险滑面。结果表明,降雨通过侵入岩脉风化壳快速入渗,并顺着基覆面向凝灰岩残积土区侧向渗流,导致侵入区与原始斜坡的交界处以及基覆面附近的地下水位快速升高,孔隙水压力迅速增大,斜坡在该位置最易变形破坏,且失稳深度远大于普通的浅层残积土斜坡,可达6～10 m。该研究成果可为东南沿海地区有岩脉侵入的残积土斜坡的稳定性评价与防治设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
通过对红层残积红土的粒度成分、矿物成分、化学成分、物理化学特性、宏观结构、微观结构特征的全面系统分析，揭示红层残积红土不仅经历了物理风化作用，而且经受过红土化作用，具有红土的一般特点，是一种强度稍高，压缩性中等，含较多游离氧化物的超固结土。最后对红层残积红土的工程地质评价提出建议，认为其特性与母岩有关，砂砾岩、砂岩残积红土接近花岗岩残积红土；粉砂岩、泥岩残积红土接近红粘土，并对地基承载力和变形等问题提出具体的评价意见。 相似文献
4.
Effects of coarse-grained material on hydraulic properties and shear strength of top soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sidewalk failures associated with top soil of low shear strength are a common problem in urban areas. Mixing top soil with granite chips can be used to increase its permeability and shear strength. The effects of mixing granite chips with top soils on the hydraulic properties and shear strength under saturated and unsaturated conditions were investigated in this study. The results showed that the mixing top soils with granite chips caused changes in several key parameters of the soil–water characteristic curve (e.g., the air-entry value, the residual matric suction, and the residual volumetric water content) and the unsaturated permeability of the top soils. The saturated permeability and shear strength of the soil mixture increased with increasing content of granite chips. 相似文献
5.
花岗岩残积土属区域性特殊土,一般具有较强的结构性,准确获得其力学参数是进行基坑等工程设计的前提条件。针对广州地区花岗岩残积土,开展系列力学特性试验研究,包括压板载荷试验、标贯试验以及室内侧限压缩、直剪等常规试验,基于试验结果得到工程中常用的花岗岩残积土力学参数,并进行对比分析及验证。结果表明,由花岗岩残积土室内直剪试验强度参数（黏聚力c、内摩擦角 ）计算得到的地基极限承载力以及由室内侧限压缩试验得到的花岗岩残积土变形参数均明显小于实测值;由压板载荷试验反算得到的花岗岩残积土c、 和变形模量E50计算p-s曲线结果与实测结果较为吻合;由标贯试验结果得到的花岗岩残积土E50则与由压板载荷试验得到的E50结果接近,说明压板载荷试验、标贯试验可作为花岗岩残积土力学参数的合理确定方法之一。 相似文献
6.
Artificial Neural Networks: A Solution to the Ambiguity in Prediction of Engineering Properties of Fine-Grained Soils 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Viji K. Varghese Shemy S. Babu R. Bijukumar Sobha Cyrus Benny Mathews Abraham 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(4):1187-1205
Determination of soaked california bearing ratio (CBR) and compaction characteristics of soils in the laboratory require considerable time and effort. To make a preliminary assessment of the suitability of soils required for a project, prediction models for these engineering properties on the basis of laboratory tests—which are quick to perform, less time consuming and cheap—such as the tests for index properties of soils, are preferable. Nevertheless researchers hold divergent views regarding the most influential parameters to be taken into account for prediction of soaked CBR and compaction characteristics of fine-grained soils. This could be due to the complex behaviour of soils—which, by their very nature, exhibit extreme variability. However this disagreement is a matter of concern as it affects the dependability of prediction models. This study therefore analyses the ability of artificial neural networks and multiple regression to handle different influential parameters simultaneously so as to make accurate predictions on soaked CBR and compaction characteristics of fine-grained soils. The results of simple regression analyses included in this study indicate that optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of fine-grained soils bear better correlation with soaked CBR of fine-grained soils than plastic limit and liquid limit. Simple regression analyses also indicate that plastic limit has stronger correlation with compaction characteristics of fine-grained soils than liquid limit. On the basis of these correlations obtained using simple regression analyses, neural network prediction models and multiple regression prediction models—with varying number of input parameters are developed. The results reveal that neural network models have more ability to utilize relatively less influential parameters than multiple regression models. The study establishes that in the case of neural network models, the relatively less powerful parameters—liquid limit and plastic limit can also be used effectively along with MDD and OMC for better prediction of soaked CBR of fine-grained soils. Also with the inclusion of less significant parameter—liquid limit along with plastic limit the predictions on compaction characteristics of fine-grained soils using neural network analysis improves considerably. Thus in the case of neural network analysis, the use of relatively less influential input parameters along with stronger parameters is definitely beneficial, unlike conventional statistical methods—for which, the consequence of this approach is unpredictable—giving sometimes not so favourable results. Very weak input parameters alone need to be avoided for neural network analysis. Consequently, when there is ambiguity regarding the most influential input parameters, neural network analysis is quite useful as all such influential parameters can be taken to consideration simultaneously, which will only improve the performance of neural network models. As soils by their very nature, exhibit extreme complexity, it is necessary to include maximum number of influential parameters—as can be determined easily using simple laboratory tests—in the prediction models for soil properties, so as to improve the reliability of these models—for which, use of neural networks is more desirable. 相似文献
7.
为了分析花岗岩残积土路用特性,从影响因素入手研究。取湖南境内花岗岩残积土进行室内试验,通过薄片和XRD试验,得到残积土矿物成分及基本结构,发现云母含量较高且呈叠片状结构;通过大量统计与试验,从粒径组成、击实功、含水率三个因素出发,研究残积土路用特性变化。结果表明:细砂对残积土含水性影响关键,粗粒含量与CBR强度呈指数关系,特定粒径组成对残积土路用特性有利;以黏土质砂为试验对象,击实功增加,最大干密度增速“两头大、中间小”,最优含水率降速“两头小、中间大”,最大CBR值先线性增加后基本不受影响;结合击实功进行分析,含水率存在wcr,小于wcr,击实功与CBR正相关,反之负相关。 相似文献
8.
强降雨易诱发风化花岗岩边坡浅层滑坡,其滑坡滑动面多位于具有较大孔隙尺寸的强风化带。通过对广西玉林与梧州交界处风化花岗岩边坡浅层滑坡的现场勘查和对不同层位的土体进行物理力学试验,研究了饱和度对湿热地区风化花岗岩双层土质边坡抗剪强度的影响,发现两个风化带土体都存在一个“最优饱和度”使抗剪强度达到峰值,但饱和度对抗剪强度指标的影响规律不同,即饱和度对黏聚力影响很大,对内摩擦角影响很小;花岗岩全风化带与强风化带土体性质差异明显,尤其表现在饱和度影响下抗剪强度特性方面,从基质吸力理论和颗粒间胶结作用角度分析所发现的现象,可以清楚地解释产生差异的机制,为风化花岗岩边坡的开挖和滑坡的防治提供理论基础。 相似文献
9.
厦门地区花岗岩残积土的颗分试验表明其粒度呈“两头多,中间少”的特征,级配较独特。孔隙比等物性指标与压缩模量等设计中常用指标定量关联性不强,离散性大且没有明显规律。结合厦门地铁工程地质勘察资料,通过粒间状态参量、级配控制模式确定所研究土体的关键物理状态参量,分析该参量与岩土工程设计中常用指标之间的相关关系。结果表明,引入Thevanayagam提出的粒间孔隙比作为参变量,压缩模量随粒间孔隙比的增大而减小,建立了估计残积砾质黏性土、残积砂质黏性土压缩模量的经验公式。级配控制模式下的特征粒径比可以作为估计花岗岩残积土抗剪强度指标的关键参变量,黏聚力随特征粒径比的增大而增大,内摩擦角随特征粒径比的增大而减小,且线性相关性较好。文中建立的预测花岗岩残积土压缩模量、抗剪强度指标经验公式,可供厦门地区工程设计时参考。 相似文献
10.
It is universally known that residual soils behave very differently from sedimentary soils. While the latter is widely known as cross-anisotropic, little is known regarding the strength anisotropy of residual soils. This study presents how the inherent anisotropy affects the strength of natural granite residual soils under generalized conditions, where intact specimens were carefully prepared and sheared under triaxial compression, extension, simple shear, and hollow cylinder torsional shear tests. The strength of natural residual soil, in terms of ultimate stress ratio M and undrained shear strength Su, is found to be significantly anisotropic in a different way from normally consolidated clays with the maximum strength obtained under triaxial compression and the minimum under simple shear or at intermediate principal stress direction. As a result, the existing method failed to measure the anisotropy degree of the studied soil. Two parameters were proposed accordingly to quantify the anisotropic strength under general conditions, taking the special strength anisotropy pattern and cohesive-frictional nature of GRS into account. The proposed parameters enable the direct comparison of strength anisotropy among soils. This study serves as a data set to better understand residual soils regarding their anisotropic behaviors under generalized conditions. Although specific to granite residual soils in China, this study is expected to be more widely applicable to other weathered geomaterials.
相似文献11.
A. Viana Da Fonseca J. Carvalho C. Ferreira J. A. Santos F. Almeida E. Pereira J. Feliciano J. Grade A. Oliveira 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1307-1348
This paper summarizes the results of an experimental site investigation and characterization survey, on a residual (saprolitic)
soil from granite, in the framework of a research project led by the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP).
This project aims at characterizing these unusual soils in the context of the development of an International Prediction Event
(Class A) on the behaviour of different types of piles. A very extensive site characterization campaign, including a large
variety of in-situ tests and field methods, has been held. These investigations comprised the application of several geophysical
borehole and surface methods, namely P- and S-wave seismic refraction, reflection, cross-hole (CH), down-hole (DH), electrical
resistivity imaging and ground probing radar (GPR), as well as mechanical tests, namely SPT, CPT and DMT, among others. The
site is geologically formed by an upper layer of heterogeneous residual granitic soil, overlaying rather weathered granite
contacting a gneissic migmatite. Direct and indirect results from some of the referred surveys were compared between them
and with some of the available geological and geotechnical information, namely those obtained from seismic, electrical and
GPR profiles, conducted adjacent to three boreholes in which undisturbed soil samples were collected previously to geophysical
data acquisition. In addition, a comprehensive laboratory testing program was carried out using the collected undisturbed
samples. A discussion of the obtained results is hereby presented, giving emphasis to the correlations encountered between
the different tests, specific of saprolitic soils with weak relic structures. 相似文献
12.
通过对南岭西段金鸡岭花岗岩体地质-岩石地球化学特征研究,判明该岩体的侵位深度(7.5km)、围岩温度(270℃)及岩浆初始温度(950℃),建立起金鸡岭花岗岩体的数学计算模型,分别计算得出:金鸡岭花岗岩熔体侵位后,其初始温度降低至结晶温度所需的时间(Δtcol)为3.91Ma;由于结晶潜热释放而使结晶过程延长的时间(ΔtL)为2.92Ma;由于金鸡岭花岗岩体放射性元素含量(U——16.5×10-6,Th——51.3×10-6,K2O——4.82%)是世界平均花岗岩放射性元素含量(U——5×10-6,Th——20×10-6,K2O——2.66%)的3倍左右,金鸡岭花岗岩熔体侵位后产生的放射性成因热使结晶过程延长的时间(ΔtA)为34.5Ma,远长于按世界花岗岩平均放射性元素含量计算的ΔtA*(2.82Ma)。金鸡岭花岗岩体的侵位-结晶时差(ΔtECTD)为41.3Ma,结合锆石U-Pb年龄值(156Ma),通过反演计算得出金鸡岭花岗岩体侵位年龄值(tE)为197.3Ma,从而为该岩体属于印支期侵位提供了重要的岩浆动力学证据。 相似文献
13.
华南花岗岩残积土红土化程度的地带性与香港该类土不发育的原因 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
从华南花岗岩残积土红土化程度的地域变化规律出发 ,通过香港与华南沿海各地花岗岩残积土的化学成分及红土化指标对比 ,作者发现香港花岗岩残积土无论厚度、类型 ,还是红土化程度都具有与所处气候环境不协调的特点。文章进一步讨论了香港花岗岩残积土不发育的原因和对工程性质的影响. 相似文献
14.
汕头市花岗岩残积土的工程特性及路堑边坡稳定分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花岗岩残积土在汕头市分布广泛,具有不均匀性及各向异性、扰动性、软化特性和崩解性。在天然状态下它们具有较低的压缩性、较高的承载力和较大的抗剪强度,但遇水后力学性质显著降低。花岗岩残积土的扰动性通常导致室内试验指标失真,使压缩模量低于变形模量,因此,花岗岩残积土的变形模量和地基承载力应通过原位测试(主要是标准贯入试验)来确定,并为此建立了本区花岗岩残积土地基容许承载力与标准贯入击数的对应关系。同时对汕头市花岗岩残积土路堑边坡失稳的原因进行分析并提出切实可行的防护办法。 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(7-8):931-937
Weathering in an upland catchment on granitic parent material has been studied by chemical and mineralogical analyses of soils. Long-term weathering rates for base cations, calculated from chemical analyses of the mineral horizons from soil profiles using Zr as an internal, immobile, index element, are among the smallest recorded for Scottish soils (1.7–3.1 meq m−2 a−1), indicating that these soils are susceptible to acid deposition. Sodium is the base cation lost to the greatest extent from the soils, due to weathering of plagioclase feldspar, mainly in the coarse size-fractions. Calcium is lost not only from plagioclase feldspar, but also from hornblende, grains of which show dissolution etch pits and denticulate surface features when examined by scanning electron microscopy. Weathering of hornblende, present in basic inclusions in the granite, is a significant weathering process in these soils. A range of values for 87Sr/86Sr ratios in stream-waters confirms the spatial variability of the material supplying Ca to the streams. The current weathering rate, calculated from input–output budgets to be 28.9 meq m−2 a−1, is much greater than the long-term weathering rate, but small compared to other catchments on similar parent material. 相似文献
16.
近年来在花岗岩残积土层运营地铁线路周边进行的工程建设逐渐增多,对盾构隧道安全的影响不容忽视。有限元法是评估临近施工对隧道影响的有效手段,但其可靠程度取决于土体本构模型和参数的合理选取。首先对花岗岩残积土硬化土模型参数取值现状进行评述,随后提出一种基于自钻式旁压试验的残积土硬化土模型参数反演方法,最后将反演的参数应用于深圳典型基坑上跨隧道施工的工程案例中进行验证分析,确定较为合理的残积土硬化土模型参数取值范围。研究结果表明,花岗岩残积土硬化土模型的强度参数可根据室内试验确定,刚度参数 、 和 是反演的关键参数,适用于工程实际的 : : 可取为1:1:3～1:1:5,根据比例不同, 取值范围在36～43 MPa之间。 相似文献
17.
秦岭造山带蟒岭花岗岩锆石LA ICP MS U Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
蟒岭花岗岩位于东秦岭地区商南—丹凤断裂带北侧的北秦岭构造带上,呈北西西走向,与区域构造线方向基本一致。本文报道了该岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年数据和地球化学数据,并结合前人的资料初步总结了该岩体的年代学特征。结果显示,蟒岭花岗岩的岩浆演化可以分为两个阶段:晚侏罗世—早白垩世的二长花岗岩(158.4±1.8Ma～160.5±1.3Ma)和早白垩世中期的钾长花岗岩(124.1±2.0Ma)。此外,样品09CL264获得锆石继承核部年龄为1883±36Ma、1860±35Ma,可能代表了源岩年龄。地球化学特征上,早期的二长花岗岩具有高硅、碱,K2O/Na2O>1,以及高Sr、低Yb、Y的特征,而晚期的钾长花岗岩具有高硅、碱,K2O/Na2O<1,低Sr、低Y、Yb的特征。其中,晚侏罗世—早白垩世的二长花岗岩(09CL260)的εHf(t)值变化于-9.4～-3.1,暗示其可能具有多源特征,源岩主要为下地壳元古宙物质。 相似文献
18.
E. M. Frempong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1995,13(4):181-198
Summary The presence of mica in pavements can be detrimental due to the effects of high compressibility and low compacted density it imparts to the soils. Three residual micaceous compressible soils derived from granite, granitic gneiss and phyllite can neither be used as base nor sub-base course in their untreated form. In this study, these soils have been treated with a range of lime and sand contents to determine their effects on consistency, compactability, bearing and compressive strengths and volume stability against swell. With 6–8% lime, soils derived over phyllite and granitic gneiss were rendered suitable for use as sub-base course as their plasticity index, 96 hour soaked CBR values and unconfined compressive strengths (UCS) were improved to satisfy existing local criteria. Similarly, with 30% sand both soils became suitable for sub-base course construction. The use of both additives markedly improved the volume stability of all the soils against swell. 相似文献
19.
Concentrations of the elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co, Mo, Cd and Pb were measured in serpentine and
granite soils and in the fern Pteridium aquilinum sampled from the Ślęża Massif in Lower Silesia, Poland. The serpentine soils were typical for serpentine soils in general
with deficiency of K and Ca and excess of Mg, Ni and Cr. The principal component analysis (PCA) ordination based on the matrix
of concentrations of elements in plants growing on serpentine and granite soils enabled the identification of the parent material
from which ferns in this study were collected. This method indicated that the ferns from granite soils were distinguished
by higher concentrations of Mo and Pb, while those from serpentine soils were distinguished by higher concentrations of Mg,
Ni, Cr and Co. These differences in bioaccumulation reflect the higher concentrations of total and plant-available forms of
Mg, Ni, Cr, Co in serpentinite and the higher concentrations of total Mo and total and plant-available Pb in granites as reported
in literature. The different parent material types in the Ślęża Massif on which the investigated soils were developed influence
the concentration and type of elements accumulated in P. aquilinum. 相似文献
20.
在栗木矿田沟挂垒钻孔深部发现花岗岩体下部有厚度大于190m的二云母花岗岩,通过对二云母花岗岩以及上部白云母花岗岩的岩相学研究和分析对比,认为该区第二阶段的花岗岩上部为白云母花岗岩,在深部相变为二云母花岗岩,岩体中、上部的白云母花岗岩相主要是二云母花岗岩不同程度蚀变交代形成的,而不是岩浆就地重力分离结晶形成的,其蚀变程度相当于该区含矿花岗岩体矿化蚀变带下部的钾长石化带。无斑的白云母花岗岩相在钾长石化带中蚀变最强,最靠近主矿化蚀变带,有重要的找矿意义。各岩相的化学分析表明,W、Sn、Nb、Ta的矿化富集可能与岩浆气液分离作用或深部岩浆分异有关。 相似文献