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1.
有机碳－干酪根法（简称Ｃ－Ｋ法）,是以油气成因的干酪根热降解动力学理论为核心的计算生油气量的新方法。使用了地质温度计－－镜煤反射率,将有机质及原油的热演化过程划分类一个阶段：Ⅰ－－低成熟阶段;Ⅱ－－高成熟阶段;Ⅲ－－过成熟阶段。以不同的学者的模拟实验为参考,综合分析了含油气区生油气层的沉积相,有机地球化学相条件,确定了不同生油气层有机碳（Ｃ）与原始干酪根（Ｋｏ）（未成熟的干酪根）的比例关系,从而建 相似文献
2.
《地球化学》2019,(6)
生烃有机孔的发育本质上受有机质化学结构以及生排烃规律的控制。腐泥型干酪根在"生油窗"内因对液态烃的滞留溶胀作用导致有机孔可见率低;腐殖型干酪根受制于自身弱的生烃潜力,无论成熟度高低有机孔发育均很差。另外,腐泥型干酪根在生油窗阶段释放到页岩基质中的沥青(原油)在高-过熟阶段因热裂解脱挥发分形成大量气孔,并成为有机孔发育的主导载体。但进入变质阶段后,有机质在碳化作用下有机孔发育变差,出现线性、针孔状有机孔。据此,原始干酪根类型为腐泥型的北方中、新生界陆相生油窗页岩因干酪根滞留烃效应导致有机孔可见率低;原始干酪根类型为腐泥型的南方下古生界海相过成熟页岩因基质滞留烃热裂解可见大量脱挥发分孔;而原始干酪根类型为腐殖型的二叠系过渡相页岩受Ⅲ型干酪根化学惰性结构的影响,无论成熟度高低有机孔均很少见。 相似文献
3.
4.
当阳复向斜上组合存在志留系、二叠系及下三叠统三套烃源层，以碳酸盐岩及泥质岩为主。以志留系底部厚约５０ｍ的黑色页岩生油条件最好，在王家湾剖面有机碳含量平均达３．７７％；次为二叠系碳酸盐岩，全区有机碳平均含量为０．３６％。干酪根碳同位素特征和扫描电特征均显示该区烃源岩母质类型主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。有机质热演化程度普遍较高，应以天然气勘探为主。利用“二维源岩评价系统”软件进行了盆地模拟，三套烃源层的累积生烃 相似文献
5.
6.
为研究低熟气形成过程中大分子结构的变化情况,对吐哈盆地侏罗系八道湾组的煤与碳质泥岩干酪根在不同升温速率下进行了热解实验,借助于红外光谱分析,研究了不同热模拟温度下干酪根结构的特征与变化。结果表明,随热演化的进行,煤与碳质泥岩干酪根的芳香结构不断缩合,含氧官能团不断脱落,碳质泥岩干酪根中的脂肪族类有所降低。吐哈盆地低熟气主要来源于煤与碳质泥岩干酪根中的含氧官能团--羧基与甲氧基,以及碳质泥岩干酪根上的脂肪族。从干酪根结构上揭示了低熟气主要来源于Ⅲ型有机质的原因。 相似文献
7.
石油地质学中,寻找油窗范围内较为有效的成熟度指标一直是油气地球化学家致力研究的科学问题之一。随着固体核磁共振技术在干酪根地球化学上的应用及发展,芳碳率被认为是具有潜力的有效成熟度指标。为对该问题进行深入探讨,对茂名盆地油柑窝组油页岩干酪根进行了高温高压黄金管热解实验,对生烃后的干酪根残渣进行了~(13)C DP/MAS核磁共振定量分析,并与美国绿河油页岩干酪根芳碳率的热演化特征进行对比;还调研了Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型干酪根芳碳率的热演化特征。结果显示,干酪根芳碳率均随成熟度的增加而增大,但不同类型干酪根的芳碳率的增长模式不同。未成熟阶段,芳碳率可以用来区分干酪根类型;生烃高峰之前,芳碳率随热成熟度增加而显著增加,可以用来指示成熟度,但与Ro关系要因类型而异;生烃高峰之后,不同干酪根的芳碳率演化趋于一致,若用来指示成熟度对NMR测试精度要求较高。若要得到精确的成熟度数据,最好建立研究区相关类型干酪根的芳碳率热演化曲线。 相似文献
8.
重点对伊利盆地伊宁凹陷二叠系与三叠系主要烃源岩的有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度特征进行分析与对比。盆地二叠系主力烃源岩为铁木里克组,三叠系主力烃源岩为小泉沟群。该盆地二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩机质丰度较好,已处于成熟—高熟阶段,有利于油气的形成,是好的生油岩;盆地三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩表现为有机质丰度高,成熟度较低,生油能力较二叠系差,属于中等生油岩。二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩干酪根碳同位素δ13C介于-23.55‰~20.85‰,指示有机质母质类型为Ⅱ—Ⅲ型有机质。三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩δ13C介于-26.51‰~-20.45‰范围内,代表Ⅱ型有机质。通过镜质体反射率Ro、最高热解峰温、饱和烃轻重比、OEP值研究表明伊宁凹陷二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩有机质成熟度高,三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩成熟度相对低。总体评价认为二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩是伊犁盆地伊宁凹陷的主力烃源岩,生烃能力强,是盆地油气勘探的重点层位。 相似文献
9.
苏单格庙气田煤系烃源岩生烃特征评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过热解法对苏里格庙气田煤系源岩的有机质丰度、生烃潜力及其有机质类型进行了研究。结果表明：苏里格庙气田太原组、本溪组以及山西组的煤和碳质泥岩为非烃源岩，大部分山西组煤系泥岩属于差-中等烃源岩，少部分为非烃源岩，太原组则为非烃源岩。源岩中有机碳含量和生烃潜量不受其成熟度的影响，且有机碳含量和生油潜量呈明显的正相关关系。苏里格庙气田太原组和本溪组源岩为Ⅲ型干酪根；山西组源岩中1个样品为Ⅱ：型干酪根，其余都为Ⅲ型干酪根。 相似文献
10.
《新疆地质》2020,(2)
准噶尔盆地东北部扎河坝凹陷发育有大面积烃源岩,前人曾发现挥发性原油。对扎河坝凹陷内石炭系、二叠系烃源岩各项有机地化特征进行分析。结果表明,该盆地石炭系、二叠系烃源岩有机质丰度相对较高,各项参数均达到烃源岩要求。新疆富蕴县扎河坝凹陷内发育有两套烃源岩层,分别为下石炭统姜巴斯套组和下二叠统扎河坝群。下石炭统姜巴斯套组灰黑色碳质泥岩单层连续厚度在数米至80 m,累积厚150～200 m。总体沉积环境为滨岸-浅水陆棚环境。二叠系扎河坝群上部为一套含煤碎屑岩为主的地层,碎屑沉积岩中赋存可采煤层和少量古生物化石,发育灰黑色碳质泥岩,厚约50 m。姜巴斯套组烃源岩有机质来源复杂,烃源岩有机碳含量0.24%～1.04%,均值0.74%;有机质类型为Ⅱ_2-III型干酪根;热演化程度较高,有机质处于高成熟演化阶段;综合评价为高成熟、中等油气源岩。二叠系扎河坝群有机碳含量0.96%～8.08%,均值3.34%;总体沉积环境为滨湖-浅湖相,有机质类型为Ⅱ_2型干酪根;热演化程度较高,有机质处于高成熟演化阶段;综合评价为高成熟、中等油气源岩。 相似文献
11.
矿山环境土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价模型探讨 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Weeks(2005)提出有关土壤污染的生态风险“层叠式 (Tiered approach)”评价框架,有关各层次的评价技术是当前环境科学研究的热点。针对矿山环境土壤重金属污染生态风险特征,提出矿山环境土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价模型,属于Tire 1层次评价模型。根据矿山环境土壤重金属污染生态风险特征,遵循生态风险评价中的熵原理和证据权重原则,用土壤中重金属的浓度风险表征污染指数（Cif）;以其环境生物可利用性表征毒性响应系数（Tib）,以对污染指数进行修正;以重金属元素的生物毒性响应因子（Tie）为权重,提出矿山环境土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价模型：RI=∑mi=1Eri其中,Eri= Tie×Tib×Cif;RI表示土壤中多种重金属潜在生态风险指数;Eri为元素i的潜在风险因子;Cif=Ci/Cio ,Ci为土壤中重金属浓度实测值,Cio为计算所需要的参照值。Tib=（Rib/ Pib）1/2,Rib为样品中某元素生物可利用相态占总含量的百分比,Pib为参照土壤的相应比值。 相似文献
12.
J. L. Liu Z. Li M. H. Chang S. Wang L. Chen 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(3):411-424
AbstractSmall- and medium-sized basins are widely distributed, and some contain commercial gas reservoirs demonstrating their gas-generation potential. The Xuanhua Basin, which is a small-sized coal-bearing basin in north China, includes a promising target for shale-gas exploration in the Xiahuayuan Formation. In this study, we used this basin as a case study to assess the critical geochemical features for small or medium-sized basins to form commercial gas reservoirs. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, microscopic observation of macerals, vitrinite reflectance measurement and kerogen stable carbon isotope analysis were performed to characterise the organic geochemistry of the Xiahuayuan shales. The original total organic carbon (TOCo) content and hydrocarbon-generative potential (S2o) were reconstructed to further evaluate the gas-generation potential of these shales. In addition, geochemical data of shales from other similar-sized basins with gas discoveries were compared. The results showed that the kerogen from the Xiahuayuan Formation is Type III (gas-prone), and macerals are dominated by vitrinite. TOC values showed a strong heterogeneity in the vertical profiles, with most higher than 1.5?wt%. The measured Ro values ranged from 1.4 to 2.0%. However, thermal maturity was not correlated with the present-day burial depth with higher maturity in the wells closest to the diabase intrusion centre. The remaining generation potential (S2) averaged 0.91?mg HC/g rock, equal to 1.4?cm3 CH4/g rock, and the average amount of hydrocarbon generated was 4.33?cm3 CH4/g rock. In small and medium-sized basins, the TOC content of commercially developed gas shales ranged from 0.5 to 2.5?wt%, organic matter was mainly humic (gas-prone), and the burial depth was generally shallow. Biogenic gas reservoirs for commercial exploitation tend to have larger shale thicknesses (120–800?m) than thermogenic gas reservoirs (60–90?m).
The Xiahuayuan Formation is a good gas-source rock with gas-prone kerogen type, relatively high TOC values and moderate thermal maturity.
The average amount of hydrocarbon generated from the Xiahuayuan shales is about 4.33?cm3 CH4/g rock, indicating a potential to form a shale gas reservoir.
Owing to the influence of diabase intrusions, the Xiahuayuan shales have entered the dry gas window at relatively shallow-buried depths.
Small- and medium-sized basins have the potential to generate commercial gas reservoirs with the generated volume mainly a product of the thickness and maturity of black shales.
13.
安徽歙县伏川的蛇绿岩套形成于中-晚元古宙,其Nd、Sr和O同位素组成是:εNd(T)=+0.7-+3.8,εSr(T)=+30.7-+53.9,δ18O=3.2-11.0‰。据地质学和同位素地球化学特征,该岩套位于杨子板块南缘、江南古岛弧的弧后小洋盆地轴部。εNd(T)值的变化是由于蛇绿岩形成过程中受到下伏不成熟硅铝质基底地壳的混染引起的;εSr(T)和δ18O的变化,是在蛇绿岩形成时或形成后不久遭受海水热液蚀变的结果。 相似文献
14.
P. K. Mukhopadhyay F. Goodarzi M. A. Kruge M. H. Alimi 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1997,34(3-4)
Organic-rich from the Schei Point group (middle to late Triassic in age) and the Ringnes formation (late Jurassic) from the Sverdrup basin of the Canadian arctic archipelago have been geochemically evaluated for source rock characterization. Most samples from the Schei Point group are organic-rich (> 2% TOC and are considered as immature to mature oil-prone source rocks [kerogen types I, I–II (IIA) and II (IIA)]. These kerogen types contain abundant AOM1, AOM2 and alginite (Tasmanales, Nostocopsis, Leiosphaeridia, acritarch and dinoflagellate) with variable amounts of vitrinite, inertinite and exinite. Samples from the Ringnes formation contain dominant vitrinite and inertinite with partially oxidized AOM2, alginite and exinite forming mostly immature to mature condensate- and gas-prone source rocks [kerogen type II–III (IIB), III and a few II (IIA)]. Schei Point samples contain higher bitumen extract, saturate hydrocarbons and saturate/ aromatic ratio than the Ringnes samples. Triterpane and sterane (dominant C30) distribution patterns and stable carbon isotope of bitumen and kerogen suggest that the analyzed samples from the Schei Point group are at the onset of oil generation and contain a mixture of sapropelic (algal) and minor terrestrial humic organic matter. Sterane carbon number distributions in the Ringnes formation also suggest a mixed algal and terrestrial organic matter type. There are some variations in hopane carbon number distributions, but these are apparently a function of thermal maturity rather than significant genetic differences among samples. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the two samples with similar maturity shows that the Schei Point sample generates three times more pyrolyzate than the Ringnes sample. Both samples have a dominant aliphatic character, although the Ringnes sample contains phenol and an aromaticity that is higher than that of the Schei Point sample. 相似文献
15.
Hsien-Tsung Lee 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(7):1713-1728
The Rock-Eval pyrolysis and TOC analysis have been widely used to evaluate the source rock quality. The atomic H/C ratio of
kerogen, however, has been overlooked in source rock evaluation. In this study, coal and carbonaceous samples, including 26
from northwestern Taiwan, 12 from China, and 4 from the United States were analyzed, and integrated with 157 published data,
to explore the significance of atomic H/C ratio as a parameter of source rock evaluation. Two different linear trends were
observed in the cross-plot of S
1 versus S
2. Field outcropped shale or C-shale exhibits a steeper slope compared to that of coal samples which can be attributed to the
compositional difference in their organic material. A rather strong positive correlation for H% versus S
2 illustrates the contribution of H-containing macerals, especially exinite. Organic matters in the samples studied are of
type II/III kerogen based on the relationship between HI and T
max. The H/C ratio, as well as the HI, S
1, and S
2, generally decreases with the maturity increasing. The H/C ratio decreases slightly from 1.1 to 0.7 with the maturity increasing
from R
o 0.55 to 0.85%. Samples with H/C ratio in this range show significant change in certain other geochemical parameters (e.g.
HI, S
1, S
2, S
1 + S
2, S
1/(S
1 + S
2), S
1/TOC, (S
1 + S
2)/TOC, T
max). The (S
1 + S
2)/TOC ratio (defined as QI) was used as an indicator of the hydrocarbon potential. The QI, HI, and H/C ratio show a certain
correlation, all increasing accordingly. The QI of the samples analyzed in this study is approximately 100–380 (mgHC/gTOC),
similar to that of most humic coals for oil and gas generation. Samples with R
o value lower than 0.55% always show significant variation in their HI, ranging from 80 to 520 mgHC/gTOC. It is inferred that
hydrocarbon potential started from R
o 0.55% and atomic H/C ratio 1.1 in this study. 相似文献
16.
东海盆地西湖凹陷具有大量的原油资源,但对于原油成因讨论较少.采集西湖凹陷多个油样和岩样,利用气相色谱和傅里叶红外光谱等手段,全面分析了该区烃源岩和原油的地球化学特征,综合讨论了原油来源以及凝析油和高蜡轻质油的成因.研究结果表明,平湖组煤系源岩均处于热演化的成熟阶段,其中碳质泥岩和煤岩以陆源生物为主要生源,其干酪根类型为Ⅲ型,暗色泥岩则具有陆源生物和水生生物双重生源贡献,其干酪根类型Ⅱ-Ⅲ型,同时碳质泥岩和煤的生油潜力远高于泥岩.原油主要为凝析油和轻质油,凝析油具有低密度、低蜡等“六低一高”的特点,轻质油具有高蜡特质,而且轻烃组分有明显差异.生标参数显示大部分原油为腐殖型,少部分原油表现出具有腐殖和腐泥母质的特点,同时该区原油均处于中等成熟阶段.油油对比和油岩对比表明大部分油来自平湖组碳质泥岩和煤岩,具有典型Ⅲ型腐殖油的特征;少部分油来自暗色泥岩,具有Ⅱ-Ⅲ型油的特征(总体上仍偏腐殖型).凝析油和轻质油的物性及轻烃组分的差异与源岩母质无关.凝析油是干酪根在成熟演化阶段生成的原油遭受蒸发分馏作用的结果,高蜡轻质油除了是“蒸发分馏作用”的残余油外,还有部分是“混合作用”的结果. 相似文献
17.
Kinetic Controls on the Partitioning of Trace Elements Between Silicate and Sulfide Liquids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mass transfer between sulfide and silicate liquids is oftendiscussed by reference to a mass ratio between hypotheticalliquid reservoirs at equilibrium, defined as R. In an open systemnot at equilibrium the mass of silicate melt from which a growingsulfide droplet appears to have scavenged chalcophile elementswill depend on diffusivities Di and DFeS of the element andof the FeS component in the silicate melt, respectively, onthe degree of supersaturation of the melt with FeS CFeSo, onthe radius a of the droplet and on the velocity v with whichthe droplet is advected through the melt, so that 相似文献
18.
R Ishiwatari M Ishiwatari B.G Rohrback I.R Kaplan 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1977,41(6):815-828
Three fractions of organic matter: lipid (benzene:methanol-extractable), humic acid (alkali-extractable) and kerogen (residue) were extracted from a young marine sediment (Tanner Basin, offshore southern California) and heated for different times (5–116 hr) and temperatures (150°–410°C). The volatile (gases) and liquid products, as well as residual material, were then analyzed. On a weight basis, the lipid fraction produced 58% of the total identified n-alkanes, the kerogen fraction 41%, and the humic acid <1%. Whereas n-alkanes produced from lipid show a CPI > 1.0, those produced by thermal alteration of kerogen display a CPI < 1.0. The volatiles produced by heating the lipid and humic acid fractions were largely CO2 and water, whereas those produced from heated kerogen also included methane, hydrogen gas and small amounts of C2–C4 hydrocarbons. A mechanism for hydrocarbon production due to the thermal alteration of organic constituents of marine sediment is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Tapani O. Rämö James P. Calzia Paula J. Kosunen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,143(4):416-437
Mesozoic granitoid plutons in the southern Death Valley region of southeastern California reveal substantial compositional and isotopic diversity for Mesozoic magmatism in the southwestern US Cordillera. Jurassic plutons of the region are mainly calc-alkaline mafic granodiorites with )Ndi of -5 to -16, 87Sr/86Sri of 0.707-0.726, and 206Pb/204Pbi of 17.5-20.0. Cretaceous granitoids of the region are mainly monzogranites with )Ndi of -6 to -19, 87Sr/86Sri of 0.707-0.723, and 206Pb/204Pbi of 17.4-18.6. The granitoids were generated by mixing of mantle-derived mafic melts and pre-existing crust - some of the Cretaceous plutons represent melting of Paleoproterozoic crust that, in the southern Death Valley region, is exceptionally heterogeneous. A Cretaceous gabbro on the southern flank of the region has an unusually juvenile composition ()Ndi -3.2, 87Sr/86Sri 0.7060). Geographic position of the Mesozoic plutons and comparison with Cordilleran plutonism in the Mojave Desert show that the Precambrian lithosphere (craton margin) in the eastern Mojave Desert region may consists of two crustal blocks separated by a more juvenile terrane. 相似文献
20.
苏北朱家墩气田气源的新证据 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
针对盐城朱家墩气田的气源问题,在前人研究基础上重点补做了天然气和源岩的对比,油气混合及凹陷底部源岩展布等研究,研究再次证实天然气来自古生界,并明确主要是二叠系栖霞组灰岩,同时查明了尽管在数量上不足道,但属于上白垩统泰州组来源的凝析油的组成面貌,盐城册陷底部出露的海相古生界地层可能是一大型背斜的南翼,由北向南地层时代逐渐变新,栖霞组灰岩位于册陷南侧,古生界天然气主要从盐（2）断层通过垂向,侧向运移进入储层,在朱家墩构造聚集成藏,盐（3）断层起到了很好的侧向封堵作用。 相似文献