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1.
为了研究采样频率和样本容量对明渠紊流统计特征值的影响,利用粒子图像测速技术,对明渠恒定均匀水流的二维流速分布进行测量,获得了包含340535个样本的流场时间序列.对该大容量时间序列进行抽样,得到不同采样频率和容量条件下的一系列子序列.对比分析各子序列的时均流速、紊动强度及雷诺应力的变化特点,发现存在临界的采样频率和样本容量,紊动统计特征参数在临界值以下波动较大,而在临界值以上基本趋于稳定;要满足同一测量精度,时均流速对采样频率和样本容量的要求最低,紊动强度次之,雷诺应力最高. 相似文献
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由于条件与经费的限制,在实际地震资料采集过程中,常常会遇到获得的地震资料较稀疏或不规则,导致空间假频、采样不规则的问题,影响地震资料的成像效果。可利用地震道空间插值来解决这些问题,提升地震数据处理结果品质。曲波变换的基函数是具有倾角、频率、时间三方面同时局部化的函数,它可以对空间信号做稀疏表达,适合地震资料的插值处理。本文采用该方法对理论模型数据和实际VSP数据作插值处理,解决不规则采样、空间假频问题。实际应用表明该方法精度高,插值准确,处理结果的振幅和同相轴连续性好。 相似文献
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广义S变换时频域滤波在MT数据处理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
短时傅里叶变换是建立在稳态信号基础之上,它仅能提供信号的频域信息,对信号的时间分辨能力差。这影响了它在大地电磁测深数据处理中的应用效果。S变换是一种优于短时傅立叶变换的时频分析方法,能够提供信号时-频域信息。利用S变换对大地电磁测深数据进行时频分析,有助于实现大地电磁测深数据噪声的时频-域滤波,从而提高大地电、磁分量数据的频谱分析精度。从广义S变换理论出发,分析了各类波形噪声的时-频域特征及其对大地电磁测深数据的影响。针对大地电磁测深数据处理特点,利用广义S变换得到时频谱,采用时频比值和门槛值方法,研究适合压制电磁噪声的时频滤波器和滤波方法。对实际大地电磁测深数据的处理结果表明这个方法提高了阻抗张量的估算质量,验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
4.
V. I. Znak 《Mathematical Geology》2005,37(2):207-221
Median filters are nonlinear and a theoretical analysis of their behavior is very difficult and so are rarely used for the processing of seismic data. However, they are able to preserve steps, sharp discontinuities and edges that are lost using most other standard filters. As seismic data are mostly harmonic or frequency modulated signals in the frequency range 1 to 10 Hz, the median filter must be adapted so as to suppress noise but not unduly distort the signal. This can be accomplished by using a median filter whose length is n times that of signal period where n is even. By use of weighted-order statistics, samples of the signals closest in phase can be obtained. To illustrate the method, a signal from a frequency band of 6.3–7.5 Hz was processed and the quality of the signal enhanced two fold over the quality of the signal without processing. 相似文献
5.
Hilbert变换为基础的信号分析方法丰富了探地雷达的观测参数,为数据处理提供了更多依据。Hilbert变换针对的是“窄带”信号,对噪声非常敏感,而探地雷达信号不可避免存在噪声,且在频散介质中传播发生频散,其信号有一定的带宽。应用时一频性质较好的小波变换定义相位,较好的克服了这些问题,该方法采用连续复小波变换将探地雷达信号分解为实部和虚部,进而定义相位。 相似文献
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面波频散能量谱成像精度是近地表横波速度计算的重要影响因素,有效提取面波频散曲线是后续反演地层结构及介质物性参数的重要环节。文中论述了τ-p变换法（τ为垂直波慢度,p为水平波慢度）、高分辨率线性Radon变换法、频率分解法、相移法、f-k变换法（f为频率,k为波数）、SFK变换法和矢量波数变换法等7种不同面波频散能量谱计算方法的基本原理;通过上述方法,对三层速度递增水平层状介质模型正演模拟合成Rayleigh波记录进行频散能量谱计算,并与理论频散曲线进行比较;根据所得频散能量谱,分析不同方法在数据处理过程中的特点与应用差异。结果表明：在提取频散曲线过程中,高分辨率线性Radon变换法和矢量波数变换法提取精度较高,f-k变换法提取精度最低,低频信息与高频信息无法有效识别;SFK变换法、矢量波数变换法、高分辨率线性Radon变换法抗噪性能强;τ-p变换法、f-k变换法、相移法计算速度优于其他方法。 相似文献
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Current knowledge of flow and turbulent processes acting across the sand bed continuum is still unable to unequivocally explain the mechanism(s) by which ripples become dunes. Understanding has been improved by comparative high-resolution studies undertaken over fixed bedforms at different stages in the continuum. However, these studies both ignore the role of mobile sediment and do not examine flow structure during the actual transition from ripples to dunes. The aims of the paper are: (i) to describe flow and turbulence characteristics acting above mobile bedforms at several stages across the transition; and (ii) to compare these data with those arising from experiments over fixed ripples and dunes. Laboratory experiments are presented that examine the turbulence structure across seven distinct stages of the transition from ripples to dunes. Single-point acoustic Doppler velocimeter sampling at three flow heights above a developing mobile boundary was undertaken. Time-averaged statistics and the instantaneous quadrant record reveal distinct changes in flow structure either side of the change from ripples to dunes. Initially, shear-related, high-frequency vortex shedding dominates turbulence production. This increases until two-dimensional (2D) dunes have formed. Thereafter, turbulence intensities and Reynolds stress decline and three-dimensional dunes exhibit values found over 2D ripples. This is the result of shear layer dampening which occurs when the topographically-accelerated downstream velocity increases at a faster rate than flow depth. Activity at reattachment increases due to high velocity fluid imparting high mass and momentum transfer at the bed and/or wake flapping. Suspended sediment may also play a role in turbulence dampening and bed erosion. Ejections dominate over sweeps in terms of event frequency but not magnitude. Strong relationships between inward interactions and sweeps, and ejections and outward interactions, suggest that mass and momentum exchanges are dependent upon activity in all four quadrants. The results contradict the notion present in most physical models that larger bedforms exhibit most shear layer activity. Consequently an improved model for the ripple–dune transition is proposed. 相似文献
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阶梯-深潭系统的水力特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
阶梯-深潭系统是山区河流中常见的河床形态,具有稳定河床和消能减灾的作用,其水力特性较为复杂。在温峡水库下游温峡河修建典型的阶梯-深潭系统开展野外实验以研究阶梯-深潭系统的水力特性。利用先进的高频声学多普勒流速仪测量阶梯-深潭系统阶梯上游、阶梯上、深潭中和沿深泓线的水力特性。实验在10 L/s、50 L/s、100 L/s、150 L/s、290 L/s 和 420 L/s 6种流量工况下进行。实验结果表明:阶梯-深潭系统流场尤其是深潭流场具有很强的三维性,阶梯上与深潭中水力特性相差很大。阶梯上沿流向的时均流速远大于横向和垂向的时均流速,三向紊动强度处在一个量级且较小。深潭中的时均流速比阶梯上小,但紊动强度远大于阶梯,紊动强度随流量变大增大。实验工况下,阶梯上的相对紊动强度在0.1左右,深潭中则最大超过8.0。随着水流从阶梯上跌入深潭,机械能大量转化为紊动能消耗。实验流量范围内,雷诺应力随流量小幅增大,深潭中的雷诺应力约为阶梯上的50倍。阶梯-深潭系统消能率在实验工况下为64%~91%。 相似文献
10.
Mean flow and turbulence structure over fixed, two-dimensional dunes: implications for sediment transport and bedform stability 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Detailed measurements of flow velocity and its turbulent fluctuation were obtained over fixed, two-dimensional dunes in a laboratory channel. Laser Doppler anemometry was used to measure the downstream and vertical components of velocity at more than 1800 points over one dune wavelength. The density of the sampling grid allowed construction of a unique set of contour maps for all mean flow and turbulence parameters, which are assessed using higher moment measures and quadrant analysis. These flow field maps illustrate that: (1) the time-averaged downstream and vertical velocities agree well with previous studies of quasi-equilibrium flow over fixed and mobile bedforms and show a remarkable symmetry from crest to crest; (2) the maximum root-mean-square (RMS) of the downstream velocity values occur at and just downstream of flow reattachment and within the flow separation cell; (3) the maximum vertical RMS values occur within and above the zone of flow separation along the shear layer and this zone advects and diffuses downstream, extending almost to the next crest; (4) positive downstream skewness values occur within the separation cell, whereas positive vertical skewness values are restricted to the shear layer; (5) the highest Reynolds stresses are located within the zone of flow separation and along the shear layer; (6) high-magnitude, high-frequency quadrant-2 events (‘ejections’) are concentrated along the shear layer (Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities) and dominate the contribution to the local Reynolds stress; and (7) high-magnitude, high-frequency quadrant-4 events occur bounding the separation zone, near reattachment and close to the dune crest, and are significant contributors to the local Reynolds stress at each location. These data demonstrate that the turbulence structure associated with dunes is controlled intrinsically by the formation, magnitude and downstream extent of the flow separation zone and resultant shear layer. Furthermore, the origin of dune-related macroturbulence lies in the dynamics of the shear layer rather than classical turbulent boundary layer bursting. The fluid dynamic distinction between dunes and ripples is reasoned to be linked to the velocity differential across the shear layer and hence the magnitude of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, which are both greater for dunes than ripples. These instabilities control the local flow and turbulence structure and dictate the modes of sediment entrainment and their transport rates. 相似文献
11.
时频域高分辨地震层序识别 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地震信号频率随着时间的不稳定变化包含了地下反射层序特征的重要信息,时频分析是检测地震信号局部谱特征的重要工具。为适应实际地震信号处理,对S变换改进后得到一种新的广义S变换,用于分析和补偿地震信号的高频成分,得到了精细的地震层序识别剖面。实际资料处理表明,它对砂岩油气藏的成层特征的分析具有分辨率高和高信噪比的优点。地震信号的广义S变换时频谱分解可作为地震层序识别和解释的重要补充。 相似文献
12.
YAN Jun HAO Xue WANG Zhao-guo College of GeoExploration Science Technology Changchun China 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,(Z2)
对于任意信号,在MSE意义上最优的信号估计是Wiener滤波器。小波变换在时域和频域上同时具有局部化特征,在信号处理中得到了广泛应用。论证了小波域上Wiener滤波器的设计,提出了应用的方法。 相似文献
13.
视觉效果是地震资料处理质量的重要评判标准之一，本文从信号处理、聚焦质量和信噪比等三个方面对影响地震资料处理视觉效果的几个侧面进行了探讨。好的信号处理体现在剖面的子波周期数少且旁瓣幅度小，同时频率丰富、频率成分之间能量关系协调。好的聚焦质量相当于获得了地层的特写图像，其关键是合适的成像方法和对应的速度分析质量，文中探讨了速度分析的基本原则。提高信噪比的同时，要保证成像的可靠性，其关键是在噪声衰减过程中把握有效信号和噪声的平衡关系，注重去噪的针对性。 相似文献
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A field study of turbulence and sediment dynamics over subaqueous dunes with flow separation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ray Kostaschuk 《Sedimentology》2000,47(3):519-531
This study examines flow, turbulence and sand suspension over large dunes in Canoe Pass, a distributary channel of the Fraser River delta, Canada. Dune morphology is characterized by a symmetrical shape and steep leeside slopes over 30°. Velocity was measured with an electromagnetic current meter and suspended sand concentration with four optical backscatter (OBS) probes. The general patterns of time-averaged velocity and sand suspension are consistent with previous studies, including an increase in mean velocity and decrease in turbulence intensity and sand concentration with height above the bed, reversed flow with high turbulence intensity and high sand concentrations in the leeside flow separation zone and an increase in near-bed velocity and sand concentration along the stoss side of the dune. Frequency spectra of near-bed velocity and OBS records from leeside separation zones are composed of two distinct frequencies, providing field confirmation of scale relations based on flume experiments. The low-frequency spectral signal probably results from wake flapping and the high-frequency signal from vortex shedding. The wake-flapping frequency predominates outside the separation zone and is linked to turbulent structures that suspend sand. Predictions from a depth-scale Strouhal Law show good agreement with measured wake-flapping frequencies. Cross-correlations of OBS records reveal that turbulent sand suspension structures advect downstream at 23–25° above the horizontal. These advection angles are similar to coherent flow structures measured in flumes and to sand suspension structures visualized over large dunes in the field. 相似文献
15.
压裂改造是页岩气开发的关键技术,岩石的脆性评价是储层可改造性的重要参数之一。实验室中通常利用岩芯柱进行波速测量,获得杨氏模量和泊松比以评价页岩的脆性系数。但规则的页岩岩芯很难获得。为此,利用非规则的页岩岩屑,设计并提出了一套基于脉冲回声法的岩屑高精度波速测量的仪器和方法。分析了影响岩屑波速测量精度的主要因素,引入了新针式高频声波探头和新数字信号分析方法,利用脉冲回声法,通过提高采样率和信噪比、使用自相关的方法来提高精度,形成了一套页岩岩屑高精度波速测量的仪器与方法。同时试验结果也与规则岩芯测量结果进行了对比,证实了此仪器与方法的可靠性。 相似文献
16.
Helmut Mayer 《Mathematical Geology》1993,25(7):975-1001
The importance of time-series analysis in cyclic stratigraphy is evaluated by comparing three different methods (adaptive multiple taper spectral analysis, auto-/cross-correlation analysis, cova functions) applied to stratigraphic time series from the Early Cretaceous Cismon section in northern Italy. Carbonate content and magnetic susceptibility vary in a quasi-cyclic fashion in this pelagic limestone section and are almost perfectly negatively correlated. The spectral technique requires a high degree of preprocessing of the original data (interpolation and resampling at a regular interval, filtering, inversion) which introduces smoothing and rounding errors. The statistical correlation analysis also requires evenly and (for cross-correlation) correspondingly spaced series. The geostatistical cova functions (a generalization of the cross-variogram) prove to be the most versatile and robust of the methods compared. Cova functions can be calculated from unevenly and noncor-respondingly spaced time series without any preprocessing. This method also retains relatively more of the signal if noise and extreme outliers obscure the picture. The periodicities detected in the Cismon time series fall in the range of Milankovitch cycles. Cycle periods of 45 cm and 80 cm likely correspond to dominant precession and obliquity cycles. Due to the inaccuracy of the Cretaceous time scale periods cannot be matched exactly yet, but cycle ratios are close to expected ratios so that there is great potential for future cyclostratigraphic work to contribute to a substantial improvement of the geologic time scale. 相似文献
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Flow dynamics at the origin of thin clayey sand lacustrine turbidites: Examples from Lake Hazar,Turkey 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sophie Hage Aurélia Hubert‐Ferrari Laura Lamair Ulaş Avşar Meriam El Ouahabi Maarten Van Daele Frédéric Boulvain Mohamed Ali Bahri Alain Seret Alain Plenevaux 《Sedimentology》2017,64(7):1929-1956
Turbidity currents and their deposits can be investigated using several methods, i.e. direct monitoring, physical and numerical modelling, sediment cores and outcrops. The present study focused on thin clayey sand turbidites found in Lake Hazar (Turkey) occurring in eleven clusters of closely spaced thin beds. Depositional processes and sources for three of those eleven clusters are studied at three coring sites. Bathymetrical data and seismic reflection profiles are used to understand the specific geomorphology of each site. X‐ray, thin sections and CT scan imagery combined with grain‐size, geochemical and mineralogical measurements on the cores allow characterization of the turbidites. Turbidites included in each cluster were produced by remobilization of surficial slope sediment, a process identified in very few studies worldwide. Three types of turbidites are distinguished and compared with deposits obtained in flume studies published in the literature. Type 1 is made of an ungraded clayey silt layer issued from a cohesive flow. Type 2 is composed of a partially graded clayey sand layer overlain by a mud cap, attributed to a transitional flow. Type 3 corresponds to a graded clayey sand layer overlain by a mud cap issued from a turbulence‐dominated flow. While the published experimental studies show that turbulence is damped by cohesion for low clay content, type 3 deposits of this study show evidence for a turbulence‐dominated mechanism despite their high clay content. This divergence may in part relate to input variables, such as water chemistry and clay mineralogy, that are not routinely considered in experimental studies. Furthermore, the large sedimentological variety observed in the turbidites from one coring site to another is related to the evolution of a sediment flow within a field‐scale basin made of a complex physiography that cannot be tackled by flume experiments. 相似文献
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G. S. Srivastava 《Mathematical Geology》1977,9(1):3-38
Optical processing is a fast, easy, economical, and reliable method of quantifying map patterns. A reduced transparency of a zebra-like pattern, obtained by blackening in alternate contour bands of a map, is used as input to an optical system of a laser source and objective lens to produce Fourier transforms. By sampling the intensity distribution across the transform, information about the spatial frequency (periodicity) and orientation in the original map can be inferred. Parameters used for comparing the map images are the values of intensity distribution in the transform. These intensities are normalized and subjected to comparison using various similarity methods. Cross-multiplication of the intensities is suggested as a measure of vectorial comparison of the orientations. By plotting the directional intensities into a polar coordinate system, rose diagrams are prepared for visual comparison. Optically derived parameters are independent of scale and other restrictive and limiting requirements as demanded in techniques of map analyses based on numerically derived parameters. The technique can be used in analyzing other pictorial data including aerial photographs, rock-fabric diagrams, and thin sections. 相似文献