共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
山西平陆黄底沟入三门峡水库北侧发育了一级湖滨阶地(T3)和两级河流阶地(T2和T1)。阶地上覆黄土地层野外划分和室内磁化率测试结果与蓝田段家坡黄土地层的对比结果表明,T3上覆黄土地层最底部为古土壤层S2;T2最底部为黄土层L2中弱发育古土壤层L2-2;T1最底部为马兰黄土L1中弱发育古土壤层L1-4。根据黄土-古土壤年代序列及光释光(OSL)年龄测试结果,T3,T2和T1阶地分别于245kaB.P. ,149kaB.P.和50kaB.P. 前形成。其中,T3和T2阶地的形成时间,分别代表了山西平陆古三门湖开始消亡和最老黄河阶地形成的年代。古三门湖消亡与黄河贯通三门峡的时代是否一致,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
2.
西昆仑山前河流阶地的形成及其构造意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西昆仑山前河流普遍发育6级阶地,利用光释光（OSL）与热释光（TL）方法对采自西昆仑山前几条主要河流的低阶地堆积物样品进行年代测定。研究结果显示,主要河流低阶地的形成具有同时性,构造活动是河流阶地形成的主要控制因素。河流阶地的年龄测定结果表明,西昆仑山前河流阶地最早形成于约1.2Ma,T4、T3、T2阶地分别形成于约39ka、18ka和5ka。多级阶地的形成反映了河流自早更新世中期开始下切于活动抬升的西昆仑山。河流阶地的发育及区域对比揭示了西昆仑第四纪晚期以来的隆升过程,区域构造活动明显地影响河流的形态与行为。河流阶地的分布、地貌特征及区域对比表明,河流阶地的形成与演化受新构造活动、山脉隆升、气候变化等多种因素的影响。 相似文献
3.
揭示河流系统响应气候变化和地表抬升的机制是理解流域地貌演化以及水系发育过程的基础,其核心难题是如何充分认识它们在阶地发育中扮演的角色。以往的研究倾向于分开讨论气候变化和地表抬升在河流阶地发育中的作用,认为河流堆积/侧蚀和下切行为分别与冰期和间冰期气候对应,或者将阶地作为地表抬升的直接证据。首先,从上下游河段对比的视角初步解释了黄河中游响应气候变化和地表相对汾渭盆地抬升发育阶地的过程。1.2 Ma以来黄河下蚀鄂尔多斯地块和峨眉台地分别形成了7级阶梯状阶地和6级堆积阶地序列。黄土地层分析结合年代学研究揭示这些阶地面都直接上覆一层古土壤,指示它们形成于气候由冰期向间冰期的过渡阶段,即使在沉降的盆地依然如此。然而,黄河中游并没有在1.2 Ma以来的每一次冰期向间冰期转换都发育阶地,说明气候虽能通过控制河流堆积-侧蚀与下切行为的转换决定阶地的形成时代,但其本身并不是阶地形成的唯一控制因素。在峨眉台地沉降的背景下,黄河无法形成正常的阶梯状阶地序列,取而代之的是堆叠的阶地序列（阶地越年轻拔河高度越大）;而当鄂尔多斯地块相对汾渭盆地抬升缓慢时,黄河仅能在极为干旱的冰期向间冰期过渡阶段形成阶地;相比之下,它们相对汾渭盆地抬升速率都足够快速时,驱动黄河近乎对每一次的冰期向间冰期转换都能做出响应而发育阶地。以上黄河中游阶地与气候和地表抬升的对比模式揭示出,快速地表抬升也是阶梯状阶地序列发育不可或缺的因素,能驱使河流在冰期向间冰期过渡阶段显著下切,拉大相邻阶地面垂直距离从而利于后期保存。因此,研究认为黄河中游发育的系列阶地是响应气候变化和地表相对汾渭盆地抬升的结果。 相似文献
4.
中更新世晚期以来高阶地发育与中游黄河贯通 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河的形成演变,是综合反映东亚构造地貌和自然环境变迁的重大地质事件,中游是黄河演化的关键河段,也是研究意见分歧集中的河段。发育于晋陕峡谷北段的寺沟T5阶地代表了晋陕峡谷未沟通前的雏形黄河发育阶段,T4阶地代表了黄河的贯通形成。文中选择了自三门峡峡谷至河曲寺沟间不同地貌部位的5个T5阶地和1个T4阶地典型剖面进行了系统研究,通过对阶地上覆黄土野外地层划分、OSL和ESR年代测定及磁化率测试结果与黄土高原段家坡典型黄土地层的对比,确定T5阶地和T4阶地上覆黄土最底部地层分别为S2和S1古土壤层,由黄土地层年代序列确定两级阶地分别形成于250~200 ka BP和130~80 ka BP。根据阶地的分布和沉积特征,认为250 ka BP前后的构造活动是T5阶地形成的主因,此时雏形黄河自三门峡溯源侵蚀到了河津地区,但未沟通河套盆地。形成于130~80 ka BP期间的T4阶地发育,代表晋陕黄河北段与河套盆地得以沟通,现今黄河最终形成。 相似文献
5.
《新疆地质》2017,(4)
天山开都河流域河流阶地序列及形成时代研究对揭示天山山脉新生代构造隆升意义重大。据野外工作确定开都河流域发育7级河流阶地,类型以堆积阶地为主,对具代表性的河流阶地采集10个ESR样品,测试成果表明,阶地形成时代为(3.6±0.3)ka~(653.7±65)ka。开都河流域河流阶地与天山北麓玛纳斯河流域河流阶地形成具可对比性,表明天山地区中更新世至全新世普遍存在河流下蚀作用。结合河流阶地高程,用线性回归定量计算出河流下切速度为0.101 m/ka,能约束天山山脉新构造时期的隆升速率。研究表明开都河流域河流阶地受构造隆升和气候变化共同控制,河流下蚀作用的地质营力来源于地壳的整体隆升。 相似文献
6.
川滇块体东北缘晚第四纪区域气候-地貌分析及其构造地貌年代学意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地貌年代是新构造特别是活动构造定量研究的瓶颈问题.通过对川滇块体北东边界构造带所在的区域气候变化过程和地貌研究成果的综合分析.利用众多的年代学数据,从区域尺度对地貌的年代、形态和物质组成等特征对比分析,探讨了该区冰川地貌、河流阶地和冲洪积扇的演化特征,揭示了区域气候变化与区域性地貌演化存在的内在对应关系.气候变化产生的气温、湿度、降水量等变化控制了该区冰川地貌和流水地貌的演化.区域内冰川地貌主要是末次冰期的产物,对应于末次冰期两个冰阶,河流作用在7～10ka和1～5ka两个阶段改造末次冰期堆积地貌形成相应的侵蚀地貌.主要河流阶地发育对应于降水量剧烈变化的气候过程,其中形成三级阶地而的流水下切作用最强,随后堆积的深厚物质是二级阶地的主体,并一直没有被后期流水下切作用蚀穿,与气候变化的强度等特点对应.区内冲洪积扇主要有3个堆积时期,即3～5ka,7～10ka和20～25ka,主要发育在气候变化最剧烈的时期,大量的碎屑物形成并短距离搬运堆积.将区域分析综合的结果应运到康定南团结乡附近的地貌分析,可以很好的理解该区的地貌演化,用侵蚀改造的地貌演化结论否认了以前的堆积地貌认识,理清了地貌发育的年龄序列.综合分析与应用的结果表明,区域气候-地貌-构造系统研究对于活动构造年代学具有非常重要的意义. 相似文献
7.
8.
文章利用金沙江河谷地貌调查与水利工程选址勘察地质资料,根据河槽纵剖面与18个河谷横剖面的资料以及攀枝花金江河段、会理鱼鲊河段、元谋龙街河段、禄劝凹嘎河段的阶地调查结果,对金沙江下段河槽地貌进行了初步分析,金沙江下段的河谷为典型的深切"V"形河谷,在虎跳峡、乌东德、白鹤滩峡谷段河槽比降发生明显变化。根据河谷阶地下切幅度与形成时代,以T3阶地计算金沙江下段河槽平均下切速率达到0.71~1.18m/ka,以T2阶地计算金沙江下段河槽平均下切速率为0.75~1.36m/ka,因此,近十几万年来,金沙江下段河谷平均下切速率达到0.9~1.0m/ka。现代金沙江河槽底部均堆积了一定厚度的冲积-崩积物覆盖层,最厚的石鼓剖面河床底部冲积物盖层达到173m,一般河段堆积物盖层均达10m以上。金沙江河槽的迁移是河槽下切过程与岸坡崩塌过程综合作用的结果,形成原河槽崩塌阻塞,河槽被动迁移或原河槽改道下切,形成古河槽-离堆山-新河槽的地貌组合,以及河槽侧向迁移3种模式。 相似文献
9.
河流阶地作为河谷中常见地貌, 其堆积物特征对气候变化过程研究具有重要的意义.通过对循化黄河Ⅲ级阶地剖面沉积特征、粒度、磁化率、孢粉以及光释光测年的研究, 初步厘定循化黄河Ⅲ级阶地形成时代为75 ka.循化盆地晚更新世气候演化可以大致划分为6个阶段: 120~114 ka, 气候暖湿; 114~105 ka, 气候较为干冷; 105~98 ka, 气候较暖湿; 98~85 ka, 气候转为温凉; 85~75 ka, 气候暖湿; 75~63 ka, 气候干冷.这6个阶段分别与MIS5e-4段相对应. 相似文献
10.
摘要: 对西昆仑山前依格孜也尔河阶地进行野外地质调查,获得阶地河拔、分布、发育及沉积特征等资料。在此基础上,分析阶地沉积相及沉积环境,进一步研究西昆仑山前河流阶地发育成因及河流演化过程。依格孜也尔河发育基座阶地T4和T3,堆积阶地T2和T1,阶地T1、T2、T3和T4时代依次为5～8 ka B.P.、18～30 ka B.P.、40～50 ka B.P.和80～100 ka B.P.。阶地形成主要受控于间歇性构造抬升,受气候变化影响较小,阶地类型差异主要受河流演化影响。阶地沉积相分析表明,T4和T3阶地分别为泥石流相和冲洪积扇相,河流侵蚀作用强,间歇性堆积; T2阶地沉积期河流系统出现重大转变,呈多旋回辫状河沉积,堆积作用增强; T1阶地为主河道-漫滩相沉积,侵蚀-堆积作用趋于平衡。 相似文献
11.
Guifang Yang Xujiao Zhang Mingzhong Tian Yamin Ping Anze Chen Zhiliang Ge Zhiyun Ni Zhen Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(3):671-683
The Zhangjiajie Sandstone Peak Forest Geopark (Zhangjiajie World Geopark) of northwest Hunan, China hosts a well-preserved
sequence of fluvial terraces and karst caves. In this contribution, a comparative study of fluvial terraces with karst caves
along the middle-lower Suoxi River in Zhangjiajie World Geopark is presented to improve the understanding of the development
of striking sandstone landscape in the upper Suoxi River. By integrating geomorphological, sedimentological, and geochronological
techniques, the possible correlation between fluvial terraces and karst caves, as well as their climatic and tectonic implications
is investigated. The available electron spin resonance and thermo-luminescence numerical ages coupled with morphostratigraphic
analysis indicate that aggradation of fluvial terrace levels occurred at ca. 347 ± 34 ka (T4), 104.45 ± 8.88 to 117.62 ± 9.99 ka (T3), 60.95 ± 5.18 ka (T2), and Holocene (T1), followed by the stream incision. Fluvial terrace levels (T4 to T1) correlate morphologically with the karst cave levels (L1 to L4), yet the proposed chronology for the fluvial terrace levels is a bit later than the chronological data obtained from karst
caves. In northwest Hunan, where a unique sandstone peak forest landscape was extensively developed, the fluvial terrace sequences
as well as the cave systems are the important archives for studying the evolution of the sandstone landscape. The beginning
of the sandstone landscape development must be earlier than the aggradation of the fluvial terrace T4, allowing this unique landscape to occur in the Middle Pleistocene. 相似文献
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13.
Rongke Xu Xiongfei Cai Yulian Zhang Liang Shan Yaoyu Chen Jianhong Qi Gang Wang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(4):402-410
Three fluvial terraces in Porougong River in the middle reach of Shiquan River were identified, and the palynological records
were investigated to decipher the paleoenvironmental changes in the west inland of the Tibetan Plateau. Three phases of uplift
in the west inland of the Tibetan Plateau are suggested to be associated with the third, second, and first fluvial terraces
(T3, T2, and T1) being formed at ca.126-25.1 ka B.P., 25.1-4.5 ka B.P., and 4.5-1.3 ka B.P., respectively. The differentiated uplift rate
infers that the inland Tibetan Plateau shows an earlier uplift than the surroundings. Coincident with the phased uplift, three
episodes of the changes in paleovegetation and paleoclimate since late Middle Pleistocene could be identified by the spore-pollen
records, including the forests under the warm-wet climate featured by the assemblage of Picea + Pinus-Betula-Ulmus-Chenopodiaceae-Epheara in the third terrace, the forest-grassy vegetation under the semi-arid and semi-wet climate as shown by the Picea + Pinus-Chenopodiaceae-Epheara assemblage in the second terrace, and the grassland under the cold-dry climate indicated by the Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia-Ephedra assemblage in the first terrace. The association of the paleovegetation and paleoclimate changes with the phased uplift of
the fluvial terraces has revealed the important impact of the Plateau uplift. 相似文献
14.
长江三峡河段的阶地主要分布在宽谷河段和长江支流河口部位。文章通过对阶地堆积物沉积相的分析和TL测年,计算出了三峡河段不同地点的下切速率:重庆河段为84.56cm/ka,涪陵河段为93.9cm/ka,丰都河段为69.8cm/ka,忠县河段为77.65cm/ka,万州河段为75.1cm/ka,奉节河段为83.8cm/ka,宜昌三斗坪河段为74.2cm/ka。 整个三峡河段的平均下切速率为81.2cm/ka。分析得出:1)三峡河段不同地点的下切速率相近;2)近0.4Ma以来,长江三峡河段的下切速率有越来越快的趋势,这表明该地区在此期间发生了构造隆升而引起河流下切加剧;3) 长江三峡河段的下切速率与金沙江下段相近。 相似文献
15.
Pradeep Srivastava Surendra S. Bhakuni Khayingshing Luirei Dileep K. Misra 《第四纪科学杂志》2009,24(2):175-188
Morphological and sedimentary records at the exit of Brahmaputra River at Pasighat in the NE Himalaya inform about the climate–tectonic interplay during the past ca. 15 ka. The geomorphology of the area comprises (1) fan terrace T3, (2) a high‐angle fan (3) terrace T2, (4) terrace T1 and (5) a low‐angle fan. Geomorphic consideration suggests that the fan terrace T3 and high‐angle fans are the oldest units and were coeval. The low‐angle fan is the youngest geomorphic unit. Sedimentological studies and optically stimulated luminescence chronology suggest that (i) fan terrace T3 formed between 13 and 10.5 ka and comprised multiple events of debris flows separated by the aggradation as channel bars in a braided river environment; (ii) the high‐angle fan formed during 15–10 ka and comprises channel bar aggradation in braided river conditions; (iii) terrace T2 formed during 10–8 ka due to aggradation in a braided channel environment with lesser events of debris flows; (iv) terrace T1 formed during <7 and 3 ka took place as bars of the braided river. Sudden coarsening of the sediment indicated a tectonic rejuvenation in the provenance region between 7 and 3 ka; and (v) the low‐angle fans dated to <3 ka formed due to aggradation in a small tributary joining the Brahmaputra River. This implies a phase when the main channel of the Brahmaputra did not flood regularly and the tributaries were actively aggrading. The sedimentation style and incision of these geomorphic units responded to contemporary climatic changes and uplift in the Siwalik range along the Himalayan Frontal Fault. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
黄河深切于青藏高原东北缘的构造山地中,留下了山地和黄河形成演化的记录,但其高阶地年龄因超出常规测年技术的范围而存在困难。文章尝试用原地成因宇宙核素10 Be和26 Al以及垂直剖面取样技术,通过剖面X2最小统计同时求出了年龄、侵蚀速率、继承浓度以及阶地沉积物密度等参数,所获得的黑山峡口247m最高基座阶地的参考年龄和剥蚀速率分别约为2.4Ma和15.5 ＋8 -4 m/Ma,这是该河段高阶地测年的一次新探索。根据这一结果及相关的构造地貌特征,认为香山-天景山断裂带西段2.4Ma前以逆冲为主,以后逐渐过渡到左旋走滑,该段黄河诞生于逆冲作用减弱时期。 相似文献
17.
Song Zhu Zhenhan Wu Xitao Zhao Jianping Li Keyan Xiao 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(2):485-504
Field investigation has shown that the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, in Tibet (known as the Bhramaputra River in reaches downstream) has 11 terraces. The ages of these terraces were determined as follows: T11>2000 ka, T10 = 1783 ka, T9 = 1238 ka, T8 = 683 ka, T7 = 382 ka, T6 = 150 ka, T5 = 82 ka, T4 = 67 ka, T3 = 43 ka, T2 = 28 ka and T1 = 10 ka. These terraces formed during several stages of the Quaternary when the Tibetan Plateau was uplifting, recording tectonic–climatic cycles or subcycles of 1.2, 0.4, 0.1, 0.04 and 0.02 million years duration. The tectonic–climatic cycles identified by this study are correlated with red soil and palaeosol records. The preservation of the Oligocene to Early Miocene conglomeratic Dazhuka Formation, close to the present altitude of the main planation surface of the Tibetan Plateau and occurring only in the Yarlung Zangbo valley, suggests that this river has existed since at least 7 Ma. Discoveries of old and thick fluvial gravel layers extending to within 630 m of the valley floor show that the Yarlung Zangbo River was already incised by 2000 m or more below the surface of the Tibetan Plateau, that much of the incision from plateau to valley floor had been accomplished and that the plateau was already substantially uplifted prior to the Quaternary. In addition to its importance for understanding the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau, this study documents the impact of varying rates of tectonic uplift on river development. 相似文献
18.
Well-preserved Holocene terraces along the South Fork Payette River in central Idaho provide a record of fluvial system behavior in a steep mountain watershed characterized by weathered and erodible Idaho Batholith granitic rocks. Terrace deposit ages were provided by 14C dating of charcoal fragments and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sandy sediments. Along with pairing of many terrace tread heights, these data indicate episodic downcutting during the Holocene, with a mean incision rate of ～0.9 m/ka from ～7 ka to present. Prior to 7 ka, the river incised to within～3 m of current bankfull, but then aggraded by ～5 m over at least a ～10 km-long reach in an episode centered ～7–6 ka. Aggradation may relate to (1) increased hillslope sediment input from landslides and debris flows in steep tributary basins with abundant grussified granitic bedrock, (2) possible local landslide-damming of the channel, (3) decreased peak discharge, or (4) a combination of these factors. Middle Holocene channel aggradation ca. 7–6 ka corresponds with a period of prolonged and widespread aridity in the northern Rocky Mountains. Between ～5 and 1.3 ka, the river aggraded slightly and then remained stable, forming a prominent terrace tread at ～3 m above current bankfull. Modest aggradation to vertical stability of the South Fork Payette River at the 1.5 m terrace level ～1.0–0.7 ka corresponds with large fire-related debris flows in tributaries during Medieval droughts. Three intervals of incision (～5.5–5 ka, 1.3–1.0 ka and 0.5 ka) correspond with frequent but small fire-related sedimentation events and generally cooler, wetter conditions suggesting increased snowmelt runoff discharges. Other possible drivers of channel incision include an increase in stochastic or climate-modulated large storms and floods and a reduction in delivery of hillslope sediment to the channel. Aggradation is more confidently tied to climate through increases in hillslope sediment delivery and (or) decreased stream power, both likely related to warmer, drier conditions (including high-severity fires) that reduce snowmelt and decrease vegetation cover on steep slopes. Thus, the Holocene terraces of the South Fork Payette River do not reflect simple stepwise incision with periods of vertical stability and lateral migration, but record substantial episodes of aggradation as well. We infer that increases in hillslope erosion and mass movements combined with reduced discharges during prolonged droughts episodically reverse the post-glacial trend of downcutting, in particular during the middle Holocene. The present bedrock-dominated channel implies a strong tendency toward incision in the late Holocene. 相似文献