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1.
为对比水库下游河岸带冬夏季潜流交换特征及温度场分布规律,在新安江大坝下游开展了河道水、河岸带地下水的水位与温度监测,并结合达西定律推广式等理论进行了分析。结果表明:不论冬夏季,侧向潜流交换量与河道水位呈逆时针“绳套”关系,且离河道越近潜流交换强度越大;冬、夏季潜流交换强度与补给方式存在明显不同,在近河岸处单宽交换总体积分别为55.23 m3（周）、75.08 m3（周）,夏季主要为河道补给河岸带,冬季相反,此外,夏季交换范围更大且交换更快;河岸带温度场受低温波动水影响显著,在垂直方向上夏季表现为“上暖下凉”,冬季相反,在水平方向上夏季低温传播距离较大,且具有明显的分区。因此,在水库下游河流生态治理过程中,应适当考虑不同季节的影响。 相似文献
2.
JIANG Hongmei FENG Xinbin LI Guanghui QIU Guangle YAN Haiyu 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(4):414-417
The concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury in sediments were determined at the dam of the Wujiangdu Reservoir in different seasons. Total mercury (HgT) levels in the whole sediment profile were 254.2±47.0 ng/g in winter, 254.2±31.6 ng/g in spring, and 256.7±60.8 ng/g in summer, without significant variations in different seasons or at different depths. In contrast, the methylmercury (MeHg) compounds were most abundant at the sediment-water interface and decreased progressively with depth. MeHg contents of the sediments during different seasons are highly dependent on microbial activity, and seem to be higher when Hg (II)-methylating microorganisms are active. Thus, MeHg levels tend to rise in the loci where nutrient supplies and biological productivity are favorable. The percentage of HgT that is present as MeHg in the sediments increased gradually from December 2003 to April 2004 and to July 2004. 相似文献
3.
To investigate the effect of recharge water temperature on bioclogging processes and mechanisms during seasonal managed aquifer recharge (MAR), two groups of laboratory percolation experiments were conducted: a winter test and a summer test. The temperatures were controlled at ~5±2 and ~15±3 °C, and the tests involved bacterial inoculums acquired from well water during March 2014 and August 2015, for the winter and summer tests, respectively. The results indicated that the sand columns clogged ~10 times faster in the summer test due to a 10-fold larger bacterial growth rate. The maximum concentrations of total extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the winter test were approximately twice those in the summer test, primarily caused by a ~200 μg/g sand increase of both loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). In the first half of the experimental period, the accumulation of bacteria cells and EPS production induced rapid bioclogging in both the winter and summer tests. Afterward, increasing bacterial growth dominated the bioclogging in the summer test, while the accumulation of LB-EPS led to further bioclogging in the winter test. The biological analysis determined that the dominant bacteria in experiments for both seasons were different and the bacterial community diversity was ~50% higher in the winter test than that for summer. The seasonal inoculums could lead to differences in the bacterial community structure and diversity, while recharge water temperature was considered to be a major factor influencing the bacterial growth rate and metabolism behavior during the seasonal bioclogging process. 相似文献
4.
A preliminary assessment of the Wujiangdu Reservoir examined nutrient distribution and transport. Water samples were collected in the summer (July) of 2004, during the high-flow season. Inorganic nutrients (N, P, Si) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations of the Wujiangdu Reservoir and its inflow rivers were analyzed. Other water parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity) were measured as well. The results show gradually decreasing concentrations of NO3 ?-N and dissolved silicate in the surface water moving downstream to the dam of the Wujiangdu Reservoir. Additionally, soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations measured very low, with most falling below the sensitivity threshold of the method used in surface waters. Particulate phosphorus and NO3 ?-N were the predominant species of phosphorus and nitrogen in the reservoir, respectively. The concentration of nutrients in the Yeji River was the largest of all inflow rivers. The maximum concentration of chl a was found near the dam. These results reflect upstream conditions similar to that of a river, and reservoir conditions near the dam similar to that of a natural lake system. 相似文献
5.
为研究库水位变动情况下面板不同缺陷的面板堆石坝渗透稳定特性,利用著名岩土分析软件Geo-studio的Seep/w与Slope/w模块,以浙江省临海市西部括苍镇境内某面板堆石坝为例,对不同土工膜缺陷及库水位变动工况的组合进行了渗流特性及稳定性的数值模拟分析,得到了浸润线,渗漏量及稳定性系数的变化曲线,计算结果表明:(1)面板一旦发生缺陷,静库水位下坝体的浸润线有一个明显的抬升,缺陷尺寸越大,浸润线高程越高,但是差异不大。库水位高程越高,静库水位下坝体内部的浸润线高程也就越高;(2)库水位水平越高,缺陷尺寸越大,坝体渗漏量也就越大;(3)库水位骤降下面板坝内部浸润线呈现先疏后密的规律,库水位下降速率越大,上游坝体浸润线疏的部分则越疏。在库水位骤降经过面板坝缺陷高程时,有一个浸润线突降的过程;(4)从整体上看,上游坝坡的稳定性系数要大于下游坝坡的稳定性系数;静库水位下,库水位水平越高,上游坝坡稳定性系数越大,而下游坝坡稳定性系数则越小,缺陷位置越高,稳定性系数越低;库水位骤降情况下上游坝坡稳定性系数随库水位下降呈现先下降后上升的趋势,下游坝坡则呈现一直上升的规律,一旦面板发生缺陷,稳定性系数较完整面板来说有一个较大幅度的下降,面板缺陷尺寸越大,稳定性系数整体上越小。 相似文献
6.
Impact assessment of Three Gorges Dam’s impoundment on river dynamics in the north branch of Yangtze River estuary,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
As one of the world’s largest hydropower projects, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD)’s 156–175 m height storing test in flood recession seasons during 2006–2011 has aroused international attention. The novel approaches of cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence were firstly introduced to reveal the significant coherence and time lag property in time–frequency space between river dynamics in hydrological stations along Yangtze River. Then, using the optimum lag time nodes, corresponding regression models between river dynamics in these stations were established and utilized to assess the river dynamics in stations downstream under the impact of TGD’s impoundment. Results showed that the average decrease ratio of 24.3 % in the Three-Gorge reservoir outflow was caused in TGD’s impounding periods during 2006–2011. The corresponding average decrease ratios of 25.1, 16.5 and 1.9 % in Yichang flow, Datong flow (with 6 days lag), and estuarine Santiao river stage (with 32 days lag), respectively, were caused by TGD’s impoundment during 2006–2011. In addition, the impact weights of multiple driving factors on estuarine river dynamics were discussed, and the main factor of the combined impacts of estuarine tidal fluctuation and sea level change while the secondary factor of the upper stream inflow were demonstrated. A further suggestion about the optimization design of TGD’s safety impounding scheme was proposed to prevent estuarine saline water intrusion by guaranteeing the average daily increase of Three Gorges reservoir water level lower than 1.11 m/day during TGD’s impounding period. 相似文献
7.
为探究寒区冰封水库热状况的时空演变规律,于2010年6月~2011年8月对丰满水库的水温和冰情进行了原型观测。基于现场观测资料,阐述了丰满库区不同季节热结构的变化规律,重点分析了汛期洪水过程对分层结构的影响,并发现解冻初期水库表层浮力流动现象。同时,典型水温分层期1月和6月的坝前75~800m范围4条水温观测垂线基本一致,且同期电站下泄水温与坝前取水口对应高程平均水温差异较小,说明该水域范围内无三维水温效应。由于深层取水影响,丰满电站下泄水温过程较为稳定,但与坝址天然水温相比,5~7月、10~12月分别表现出月平均高达10.8℃、7.9℃的春夏低温水和秋冬高温水现象。此外,冰情监测结果表明,丰满水库冬季基本全库封冻,坝前最大冰厚约0.7m,且库区冰厚沿程出现不均匀分布的规律。 相似文献
8.
Sardinia is one of the Italian regions with the greatest number of dams per inhabitants, almost 60 for a population of only 1.5 million people. Many of these dam sites are located on non-carbonate rocks along the main rivers of the Island and their waters are used for irrigation, industrial, energy supply, drinking and flood regulation purposes.The Pedra 'e Othoni dam on the Cedrino river (Dorgali, Central-East Sardinia) is located along the threshold of the Palaeozoic basement on the Northern border of the Supramonte karst area, where water is forced to flow out of the system through several resurgences, the most famous of which is the Su Gologone vauclusian spring, used for drinking water supply. The other main outflows of the system, Su Tippari and San Pantaleo springs, are at present almost permanently submerged by the high water level of the Pedra 'e Othoni dam. In the near future water will be supplied also to other communities with a possible increase of water taken from the spring.The dam, originally meant to regulate the flooding of Cedrino river but actually used for all sorts of purposes (electricity supply, drinking water, irrigation of farmlands, industrial uses), has a maximum regulation altitude of 103 m a.s.l., only slightly less than a meter below the Su Gologone spring level (103.7 m), and 4 and 9 m respectively above the submerged Su Tippari and San Pantaleo springs.During floods of the Cedrino river, occurring on average twice a year, also the Su Gologone spring becomes submerged by the muddy waters of the lake for a time ranging between a couple of hours up to several days, making water supply impossible.The analysis of the available meteorological and hydrogeological data relative to the December 2004 flood, one of the severest of the past 100 years, suggests that the reservoir is filled in a few days time. Several flooding scenarios have been reconstructed using digital terrain models, showing that backflooding submerges most of the discharge area of the aquifer, having important repercussions also on the inland underground drainage system. The upstream flood prone areas prevalently comprise agricultural lands with some sparse houses, but also highly frequented tourist facilities. Fortunately flooding occurs outside the tourist season, thus limiting risk to a limited number of local inhabitants. Massive discharge at the dam site, instead, determines a more hazardous situation in the Cedrino coastal plain, where population density in low lying areas is much higher. To avoid flooding hazard upstream the water level in the lake should be regulated, keeping it low in the flood prone seasons, and having it filled from the end of the winter in order to have enough water stocked before the beginning of the summer. Discharge at the dam site, instead, should be done cautiously, preventing severe flooding of the coastal Cedrino plain. 相似文献
9.
Use of major and selected trace elements to describe mixing processes in a water reservoir 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Data on temperature, major constituents and some trace elements, measured in the dissolved and particulate phases, were used to identify the hydrodynamics of a reservoir (the Bicaz reservoir, Romania). Results revealed that the reservoir experiences two thermal stratifications per year (summer and winter). However, the summer stratification is delayed by the high river inflow of June–July. Two layers were identified, a surface and a deep layer, whose location and impact vary with time. The surface layer originates from the river inflow (intrusion layer) and the deep current is produced by the outflow (velocity current). According to season, the river inflow either supplies the deep current or remains recordable up to the dam. Consequently, the structure of the water column, and thus the biogeochemical processes within it, are governed both by thermal stratification and by these layers. 相似文献
10.
The Lower Hillsborough River, Florida is a short (16 km) riverine estuary which has a dam located at its upstream end. Salinity below the dam is influenced by freshwater that flows over or through the structure. Depending on location in the estuary, the response of salinity to changes in upstream freshwater inflows is normally not instantaneous, but lags behind the freshwater release. An analytical approach and a laterally averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic model were used to examine the response time of salinity in the Lower Hillsborough River to changes in freshwater inflows from the upstream reservoir. A series of case studies were conducted using the model to determine how salinity in the river within one kilometer below the dam would respond to changes in freshwater inflows. The model results suggest that the time lag of salinity in the river depends on whether the upstream freshwater inflows are increasing or decreasing, as well as their magnitude. While the time lag for salinity is about six to eight days for decreasing inflows, it is much shorter for increasing inflows depending on the magnitude of the flow release. 相似文献
11.
岳城水库属于国家重点水库,同时库区及周边地下是典型的富煤区域,蕴藏着大量优质煤炭资源。为研究周边采煤活动对岳城水库库区大坝和坝基的渗流影响,文中以坝体作为研究对象,在上游建立一条安全限,通过控制大坝和坝基的有效保护边界来控制开采对浅地表造成的影响深度和影响远度。通过数值模拟,结果表明在上游水位159.1 m和下游水位105.0 m的作用下,只要开采影响范围距离岳城水库大坝2 000 m,开采就不会对大坝和坝基的渗透性变化产生影响;同时,也不会对坝肩的渗透性产生影响。 相似文献
12.
Leakage at the Wanyao dam body was studied using a combined approach of field exploration, hydrochemical analysis and tracer testing. The objective of study was to determine the location of the water leakage paths at the dam. A hydraulic connection was observed between exploration boreholes of dam crest and drain holes at drainage gallery during the period of drilling. This connection shows that there were some defects in the dam. The hydrochemical compositions and characteristics of the water samples involved the main anions and cations, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, pH and water temperature which were analyzed and evaluated by correlation and cluster analysis. The results indicated that a close hydraulic connection existed between water from the dam body and reservoir water, particularly reservoir water from Sections III and IX. Tracer testing results demonstrated further existence of leakage paths between reservoir water and Sections III and IX. Also, there were multiple leakage paths in Section IX compared with a single path of Section III. Furthermore, the leakage location of upstream concrete faces in the vertical and horizontal directions was determined accurately with the measured electrical conductivity of receiving points. The experimental data provide a strong foundation and basis for maintaining and reinforcing the dam. 相似文献
13.
某水库坝基渗透稳定性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
某拟建高为22 m的混凝土重力坝坐落于第四系冰水堆积层之上。在大坝上下游水头差的作用下,产生库水渗漏。库水的大量漏失,不但可能使大坝蓄水达不到设计高程而影响工程效益,而且,水流的渗透作用还会导致地基岩（土）体的恶化,产生渗透破坏,影响大坝本身的安全。在现场调查基础上,用数值模拟方法评价了该水库在库内设置175 m长铺盖条件下的渗漏问题,计算了水库的渗流量、大坝基底的水力坡度。因其量值较大,必须在渗流出口处采取反滤层等工程措施,给相关部门提供设计依据和决策参考。 相似文献
14.
小型水坝随着服役时间的增长,其面临的安全、经济和生态方面问题日益突出,针对一些修复价值较低的病险水坝,实施降等或报废拆除已成为一种综合最佳的管理措施。拆坝后,原库区大量淤沙无控释放将改变原有河道形态,对水生生物栖息地造成影响。为预测拆坝后河道在不同时间尺度上的变化特征,以长江流域乌江水系内的西河水坝为研究对象,建立二维水沙数学模型,分别研究了拆坝后水沙输运造成的短期和长期河床形态变化。结果表明:拆坝后短期内,坝址上游主河道发生了强烈的冲刷下切,且水库淤沙前缘部分出现了显著的淤积抬高,相比而言,坝址下游河床变化并不明显,只有坝下河段及河口附近出现较显著的泥沙淤积;在拆坝后长期的河床演变过程中,坝址上下游河道均发生了不同程度的冲刷下切,拆坝2年后下游河床逐渐趋于稳定,而上游主河道由冲刷下切转化为冲淤交替的演变趋势,河床形态不断调整变化。本研究可为病险坝和小水电报废拆坝后的河道治理、水生生物栖息地修复提供参考依据。 相似文献
15.
Recharge processes in karstic systems investigated through the correlation of chemical and isotopic composition of rain and spring-waters 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Four karstic springs in southern France, along with rainwater in the same area, were monitored during two hydrological cycles. Stable isotopic ratios (δ18O and δD) allow the contribution of the rain waters from the previous periods (discretised as winter or summer period) to the spring water to be estimated. These computations indicate that heavy rainfall events during the autumn season contribute for 56 ± 7% and 68 ± 9% of the spring water discharge during the following winter and summer seasons, respectively. During the low flow period, residence time does not exceed 1 hydrological cycle, for a large part of the water.Stable isotopic ratios (δ18O and δD) combined with Cl concentration allow the evapotranspiration coefficients to be estimated although the recharge surface is not known and hydrological balance can not be computed. Except for one spring, the evapotranspiration coefficients range from 0.54 to 0.38 (46–62% volume reduction), even during the high flow period.The short residence times, and the strong evapotranspiration coefficients whatever the period (winter or summer) are interpreted as the result of the major role of the epikarst reservoir in the karst recharge functioning over direct or diffuse infiltration. 相似文献
16.
R. Reza G. Singh Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(4):785-792
The objective of the study is to reveal the seasonal variations in the river water quality with respect to heavy metals contamination. To get the extend of trace metals contamination, water samples were collected from twelve different locations along the course of the river and its tributaries on summer and the winter seasons. The concentrations of trace metals such as cadmium, cromium, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, mercury and zinc were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Most of the samples were found within limit of Indian drinking water standard (IS: 10500). The data generated were used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index of river water. The mean values of HPI were 36.19 in summer and 32.37 for winter seasons and these values are well below the critical index limit of 100 because of the sufficient flow in river system. Mercury and chromium could not be traced in any of the samples in the study area. 相似文献
17.
北盘江流域沿线山高谷深,岩溶水文地质条件复杂,局部区域水资源短缺,岩溶渗漏问题成为水利水电工程建设的瓶颈。文章综合地质调查测绘、钻探及物探、水文地质试验、岩溶水系统分析、地下水均衡分析等方法,论证了PCH水库不会发生邻谷渗漏及绕坝基深部的岩溶管道型渗漏,但发生溶隙型渗漏的可能性较大。采用有限元法模拟溶隙渗漏显示:随着T1yn1-1灰岩溶蚀率的增大,坝基抗滑稳定系数稍有降低,潜在失稳模式为后缘剪断T1yn1-2岩体,前缘沿T1yn1-2层内岩屑夹泥型软弱结构面剪出;坝基渗漏量呈线性增加,T1yn1-1灰岩溶隙密集带为坝基主要渗漏区。当溶隙密集带沿T1yn1-1灰岩与T1yn1-2泥灰岩接触带水平发育且集中分布时,坝基抗滑稳定系数将明显减小,坝基渗漏量将明显增大;当溶隙密集带垂直发育、分散发育或主要分布于坝后区域时,其对坝基抗滑稳定及坝基渗漏量影响微弱。岩溶水文地质分析及数值模拟均显示,复杂岩溶水系统势汇区下游区域多以溶隙渗漏为主,其工程影响有限,具备建坝成库条件。 相似文献
18.
在分析坝址地质条件的基础上,依据近年来区内地下水宏观、微观动态以及析出物等特征,对6坝段化灌加强帷幕的防渗耐久性作了多手段综合分析和评价。分析表明:幕后Up6孔扬压力实测值近年来有回升之势,且与库水位之间的相关性趋于密切;幕后灌64孔排水量较大,且与库水位之间亦有较密切的相关性;幕后局部地下水的pH值低于坝前库水,且含有较高的HCO-3,为水溶液中含有源于化灌材料的有机质的氧化所致;幕后局部地下水溶液为非饱和态,即SI<0,表明相应部位具有较好的径流条件。据此认为,该坝段加强帷幕的局部防渗性能已发生了衰减。 相似文献
19.
选择长江中下游49个湖泊进行不同季节的水体溶解无机氮(DIN)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP),溶解性无机磷(DIP)以及叶绿素a(Chla)等环境参数分析,开展不同营养水平湖泊水体环境变化特征及生物响应机制研究。结果表明:DIN、TN/TP随TP的变化规律反映了不同营养水平和季节下地球化学作用的影响;氨氮(NH4-N)、TP、DIP、Chla尤其是NH4-N的季节性变化规律与营养水平关系密切;TP<0.05 mg/L时,NH4-N随总磷升高的趋势夏季大于其他季节,TN/TP与硝态氮(NO3-N)、TN相关性好,营养源组成和氨化作用是主要影响因素;0.05 mg/L4-N随总磷升高的趋势基本相同,TN/TP与亚硝态氮(NO2-N)、NO3-N、TN相关好,水生植物利用、氨化和反硝化作用是主要影响因素。TP>0.1 mg/L,冬季NH4-N随总磷升高的趋势明显大于其他季节,TN/TP在冬季和春季与TN、NO3-N相关性好,夏季和秋季与TP相关性好,其主要原因在于夏季和秋季水生植物对DIN的利用量、反硝化作用和湖泊内源释放的显著增强。 相似文献
20.
天山天池北堆积坝体结构受其成因和演化控制,影响其含水和渗流特性。对该坝体稳定至关重要的下伏基岩埋深、坝体结构阻渗水结构特征等需现场探测并给出科学判断。在地质调查基础上采用高密度电法对天池堆积坝体结构进行探测,首次获得深达下伏基岩的堆积坝体纵向和横向电性剖面。结合光释光测年、水化学成分对比、水量平衡计算等手段,分析坝体堆积物形成时代以及坝体水文地质结构特征。结果显示：天池坝堆积体厚度大于100 m并可分为3层,上部浅表层滑坡形成的巨大块石层厚30～40 m且基本不含水,其下松散含水层厚度为30～50 m;下部为较低电阻率弱透水的冰碛物,主要分布在坝体下游和东端;底部为高电阻率不透水的石炭系火山岩。坝体中间部位地下水集中下渗补给了西小天池。同时靠坝体东侧发育排泄通道,呈现多处溢水点,控制了飞龙涧左岸下降泉季节性发育,同河谷冲刷作用一起影响并导致下游左岸冰碛物中发育4处滑坡体。电法剖面揭示出与坝体轴向近平行的2条隐伏断层,其中堆积坝高堤处气象台所在山丘上游一侧发育一条近东西走向并倾向上游的断层F1,构成地下水阻隔带而使天池堆积坝上游潜水水位呈现一定雍高,同坝体下伏基岩和弱透水冰碛物联合组成的... 相似文献