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1.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔揭示的大陆地壳生热模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文对大陆科学钻探主孔149块岩心样品进行了系统的岩石放射性生热元素 U、Th 和 K 的含量测试,同时结合该井浅部井段前人的实测数据,揭示了上地壳5km 生热率的垂向分布。结果显示,以1650m 为界,上下两段生热率均随深度呈增加趋势,与正常地壳生热率特征不同,显示出超高压变质带独特的生热率垂向变化特征。结合地壳的岩性分布,建立了苏鲁超高压变质带地壳的生热模型。该模型中,地壳厚32km,其中上地壳0~10km,由超高压变质岩片组成,按岩性又详细分为8层,生热率变化在0.49~1.73μWm~(-3)。中地壳10~20km,由片麻岩组成,生热率为生热率1.51μWm~(-3)。下地壳20~32km为麻粒岩,生热率0.31μWm~(-3)。整个地壳热流约31mw/m~2,其中上地壳12mW/m~2。上地壳厚度和热流分别占整个地壳的31%和39%。与华北和下扬子地壳生热模型相比,上地壳热流整个地壳热流的比例最低。这表明,苏鲁超高压变质带,作为中朝与扬子板块俯冲-碰撞的产物,其地壳生率垂向分布与正常大陆地壳(华北、下扬子)相比,具有显著的不同。  相似文献   

2.
华南地区广泛发育中生代花岗岩,主要出露于南岭地区和东南沿海地区。受大地构造作用影响,自西向东,莫霍面深度逐渐变薄,深部温度逐渐升高,软流圈顶部上升,花岗岩形成时代也随之逐渐年轻化。南岭和东南沿海地区的地表和钻孔花岗岩放射性生热元素含量测试结果表明,南岭地区放射性生热率平均值为5.18μW/m~3,东南沿海地区为3.01μW/m~3,最高生热率为南岭佛冈岩体7.56μW/m~3;热贡献率主要来自Th和U的放射性衰变热,K的热贡献率一般不超过10%。通过本文研究结果,结合前人地质学、地球物理学和地热学研究成果,发现南岭地区和东南沿海地区地壳热流对地表热流值的贡献率分别为60%~65%和40%~45%,指示两者分别为"热壳冷幔"和"冷壳热幔"型岩石圈热结构。  相似文献   

3.
自20世纪80年代在大陆地壳岩石中发现柯石英和金刚石等超高压变质矿物以来,大陆深俯冲和超高压变质作用就成为了固体地球科学研究的前沿和热点领域之一。经过三十余年的研究,已经在大陆地壳的俯冲深度、深俯冲岩石变质P-T-t轨迹、俯冲地壳岩石的折返机制、深俯冲岩石的原岩性质、大陆碰撞过程中的熔/流体活动与元素活动性、俯冲隧道内部不同类型壳幔相互作用、碰撞后岩浆岩的成因、大陆碰撞造山带成矿作用等方面取得了许多重要成果。本文重点对大陆俯冲带超高压岩石部分熔融和不同类型壳幔相互作用近十年来的研究进展进行回顾和总结,并对存在的相关科学问题和未来的研究方向进行了展望。深俯冲大陆地壳的部分熔融主要出现在两个阶段:折返的初期阶段和碰撞后阶段,前者产生了碱性熔体,后者产生了钙碱性熔体。大陆俯冲带壳幔相互作用有两种类型,涉及地幔楔与两种俯冲带流体的交代反应:一是来自深俯冲陆壳的变质脱水/熔融,二是来自先前俯冲古洋壳的变质脱水/熔融。  相似文献   

4.
对桂北豆乍山岩体钻孔样品进行了放射性生热元素含量、岩石密度和岩石热导率测试。结果显示该岩体花岗岩U平均含量为17.49×10~(-6),Th平均含量为27.54×10~(-6),K_2O平均含量为4.64%,放射性生热率平均值6.46μW/m~3,高于地壳平均值及大部分华南其他岩体的放射性生热率值;岩石密度平均在2.57 g/cm~3左右,与世界范围内花岗岩密度的平均值大致相同;岩石热贡献率主要来自Th和U的放射性衰变热,而U的贡献率相对更高。研究区岩石热导率平均为3.389 W/mK,与目前已知的花岗岩热导率平均值相近。通过本文及周边其他岩体的研究结果,结合前人资料,推断豆乍山岩体所在的苗儿山地区,乃至桂北地区的地幔热流值低于地壳热流值贡献,属于"热壳冷幔"型岩石圈热结构。根据豆乍山岩体放射性生热元素和生热率的优势,认为其干热岩开发潜力较大,可对其进行进一步干热岩评价工作。  相似文献   

5.
汪洋  汪集旸  邓晋福 《地球化学》2001,30(2):186-193
大地热流值是大陆地壳和岩石圈U,Th,K丰度的直接约束;根据地球化学元素丰度值推算出的大地构造单元的区域地壳热流值,必定不能大于区域的平均热流值,根据700余个实测大地热流数据,对目前发表的中国大陆地壳和岩石圈的化学成分模型进行了检验,结果表明,多数模型不能满足大地热充约束,如黎彤等的关于中国大陆及其内部构造单元的地壳和岩石圈成分模型,倪守斌等提出的新疆北部地壳生热率模型,以及高山等提出的扬子地台北缘地壳成分模型,这些模型的U,Th,K丰度值不太可靠,其他强不相容元素的丰度值的可信程度亦值得怀疑,而迟清华,鄢明才提出的华北地台地壳成分模型和高山等建立的中国东部及华北地台和秦岭造山带的地壳成分模型通过了区域大地热流的检验。  相似文献   

6.
中国大陆地壳铅同位素演化的动力学模型   总被引:38,自引:9,他引:29  
根据中国大陆中、新生代花岗岩长铅同位素数据库,沿用“铅构造模型”的基本思想并作部分改进,建立了中国大陆地壳铅同位素的动力学演化模型。与全球平均的铅同位素演化曲线相比,中国大陆地壳的原始物质相对较贫铀富钍,并且中国大陆的上地壳和下地壳在演化过程中分异得更加彻底。将本模型应用于大别地区中生代花岗岩长石铅同位素数据,结果发现它们具有壳幔铅混合的特征,并且以上下地壳物质混合产生的类地幔铅为主,花岗岩源岩中含有较高的富Th下地壳组分。  相似文献   

7.
安徽省位于中国东南部,岩浆活动频繁,燕山期岩浆活动最为发育,岩浆岩出露面积超过13 000 km~2,不同类型、不同成因的岩石均有发育,并以大别山、长江中下游和皖南地区较为集中。本研究在安徽省不同岩浆岩带共采集159块样品开展岩石密度和放射性生热元素含量测试,结合前人对安徽省岩浆岩放射性生热元素的测试结果,首次对安徽省岩浆岩开展了系统的放射性生热元素统计研究。结果表明:安徽省岩浆岩总体上U、Th、K平均含量相差较大,花岗质岩石及中酸性火山岩的U、Th、K含量较高,基性岩浆岩的U、Th、K含量较低;不同类型的岩浆岩放射性生热率相差较大,花岗质岩石和中酸性火山岩生热率相对较高且变化范围较宽,基性岩浆岩生热率较低且变化范围较窄;金寨和长江中下游地区部分花岗岩生热率超过5μW/m~3,为高产热花岗岩;岩浆岩的热贡献主要来自于U和Th的放射性衰变热,K的衰变热贡献相对较低,一般不超过10%。通过本文研究,结合前人对安徽省地质地热等方面的研究成果,发现岩浆岩放射性生热对安徽省温泉分布、干热岩勘探和U矿床勘探等具有重要的意义,可为安徽省后续地热资源勘查开发研究提供支撑。  相似文献   

8.
根据中国东部上地壳区域元素丰度研究和新疆北部地区1∶20万化探成果,总结了23个二级大地构造单元出露地壳的元素地球化学特征。与全球大陆上地壳元素丰度值的对比显示,中国大陆出露地壳成分演化程度介于岛弧与成熟的加拿大地盾之间。华北、扬子地台由于含大量碳酸盐岩地层,其出露地壳SiO2含量偏低,明显富集CaO和MgO,可见在出露地壳和上地壳元素丰度值研究中不应忽视碳酸盐岩的贡献。相对于最新发表的2种全球大陆上地壳平均成分模型,中国大陆出露地壳系统亏损Au、Hg、Mo、Sn和W,表明现有上地壳模型过高地估计了Au、Hg、Mo、Sn、W等元素丰度值。华北地台及其南缘的秦岭-大别山造山带出露地壳具低μ(238U/204Pb)值(<8)特征,但其他地区μ值较高,暗示华北地台及其周边地区出露地壳的低μ值特点不具备全球意义。鉴于中国大陆内部各构造单元之间出露地壳成分的显著横向差异,以华北地台为主体的上地壳成分模型目前尚无充分理由作为中国和全球大陆上地壳平均值的可靠代表。  相似文献   

9.
根据中国东部上地壳区域元素丰度研究和新疆北部地区1:20万化探成果,总结了23个二级大地构造单元出露地壳的元素地球化学特征.与全球大陆上地壳元素丰度值的对比显示,中国大陆出露地壳成分演化程度介于岛弧与成熟的加拿大地盾之间.华北、扬子地台由于含大量碳酸盐岩地层,其出露地壳SiO2含量偏低,明显富集CaO和MgO,可见在出露地壳和上地壳元素丰度值研究中不应忽视碳酸盐岩的贡献.相对于最新发表的2种全球大陆上地壳平均成分模型,中国大陆出露地壳系统亏损Au、Hg、Mo、Sn和W,表明现有上地壳模型过高地估计了Au、Hg、Mo、Sn、W等元素丰度值.华北地台及其南缘的秦岭-大别山造山带出露地壳具低μ(238U/204Pb)值(<8)特征,但其他地区μ值较高,暗示华北地台及其周边地区出露地壳的低μ值特点不具备全球意义.鉴于中国大陆内部各构造单元之间出露地壳成分的显著横向差异,以华北地台为主体的上地壳成分模型目前尚无充分理由作为中国和全球大陆上地壳平均值的可靠代表.  相似文献   

10.
汪洋 《地质通报》2005,24(10):906-915
根据中国东部上地壳区域元素丰度研究和新疆北部地区1:20万化探成果,总结了23个二级大地构造单元出露地壳的元素地球化学特征。与全球大陆上地壳元素丰度值的对比显示,中国大陆出露地壳成分演化程度介于岛弧与成熟的加拿大地盾之间。华北、扬子地台由于含大量碳酸盐岩地层,其出露地壳SiO2含量偏低,明显富集CaO和MgO,可见在出露地壳和上地壳元素丰度值研究中不应忽视碳酸盐岩的贡献。相对于最新发表的2种全球大陆上地壳平均成分模型,中国大陆出露地壳系统亏损Au、Hg、Mo、Sn和W,表明现有上地壳模型过高地估计了Au、Hg、Mo、Sn、W等元素丰度值。华北地台及其南缘的秦岭-大别山造山带出露地壳具低μ(^238U/^204Pb)值(〈8)特征,但其他地区μ值较高,暗示华北地台及其周边地区出露地壳的低μ值特点不具备全球意义。鉴于中国大陆内部各构造单元之间出露地壳成分的显著横向差异,以华北地台为主体的上地壳成分模型目前尚无充分理由作为中国和全球大陆上地壳平均值的可靠代表。  相似文献   

11.
大别山超高压变质岩折返机制与华北-华南陆块碰撞过程   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
李曙光 《地学前缘》2004,11(3):63-70
古地磁研究表明华北和华南陆块的碰撞始于三叠纪初 ,止于晚侏罗世 ;同位素年代学研究及大别山北部中—上侏罗统砾岩层中榴辉岩砾石的发现表明大别山超高压变质岩形成于三叠纪初 ,并在中—晚侏罗世出露于地表。因此 ,超高压变质岩是在陆陆碰撞过程中完成它的折返出露过程。揭示超高压变质岩的折返历史与机制有助于我们认识大陆的碰撞过程。大别山超高压变质岩及其围岩θ t冷却曲线显示超高压变质岩从 80 0℃到 3 0 0℃经历了三个阶段 :( 2 2 6± 3 )~ ( 2 1 9± 7)Ma期间从80 0℃到 5 0 0℃的第一次快速冷却 ,1 80~ 1 70Ma期间从 4 5 0℃到 3 0 0℃的第二次快速冷却 )和介于两者之间的等温过程。这一具有两次快速冷却的θ t曲线已被近年来的若干年代学数据所证实。超高压变质岩的两次快速冷却事件反映了两次快速抬升过程。在东秦岭及苏鲁地体东端发育的同碰撞花岗岩U Pb年龄值为 2 2 5~ 2 0 5Ma,与超高压变质岩第一次快速冷却时代吻合。这种时代耦合关系表明俯冲板片断离可能是超高压变质岩第一次快速抬升和冷却的重要机制。大别山Pb同位素填图揭示出南大别带超高压变质岩具有高反射成因Pb特征 ,因而源于俯冲的上地壳 ;而北大别带超高压变质岩具有低放射成因Pb特征 ,源于俯冲长英质下地壳。这表明在俯  相似文献   

12.
Based on conservation of energy principle and heat flow data in China continent, the upper limit of 1.3 μW/m3 heat production is obtained for continental crust in China. Furthermore, using the data of heat flow and helium isotope ratio of underground fluid, the heat productions of different tectonic units in China continent are estimated in range of 0.58–1.12 μW/m3 with a median of 0.85 μW/m3. Accordingly, the contents of U, Th and K2O in China crust are in ranges of 0.83–1.76 μg/g, 3.16–6.69 μg/g, and 1.0%–2.12%, respectively. These results indicate that the abundance of radioactive elements in the crust of China continent is much higher than that of Archean crust; and this fact implies China’s continental crust is much evolved in chemical composition. Meanwhile, significant lateral variation of crustal composition is also exhibited among different tectonic units in China continent. The crust of eastern China is much enriched in incompatible elements such as U, Th and K than that of western China; and the crust of orogenic belts is more enriched than that of platform regions. It can also be inferred that the crusts of eastern China and orogenic belts are much felsic than those of western China and platform regions, respectively, derived from the positive correlation between the heat production and SiO2 content of bulk crust. This deduction is consistent with the results derived from the crustal seismic velocity data in China. According to the facts of the lower seismic velocity of China than the average value of global crust, and the higher heat production of China continent compared with global crust composition models published by previous studies, it is deduced that the average composition models of global continent crust by Rudnick and Fountain (1995), Rudnick and Gao (2003), Weaver and Tarney (1984), Shaw et al. (1986), and Wedepohl (1995) overestimate the abundance of incompatible elements such as U, Th and K of continental crust.  相似文献   

13.
Blueschist facies rocks in the Yuli Belt of Taiwan's Central Range record ongoing subduction of the Eurasian plate. We present a prograde Lu–Hf garnet–whole‐rock age of 5.1 ± 1.7 Ma from a retrogressed blueschist in the Yuli Belt. This age is considerably younger than the previously assumed age of 14–8 Ma for high‐pressure metamorphism in the Yuli Belt and represents the youngest Lu–Hf garnet age ever recorded for blueschist facies metamorphism. The age sheds new light on the palaeogeographic origin and exhumation scenario of the Yuli Belt. We propose that the Yuli Belt originated from the ocean–continent boundary of the Chinese passive margin. It was subducted eastward during collision with the Luzon island arc and rapidly exhumed when the forearc lithosphere was removed from above the continental slab by discrete subduction (extraction). This process reduces the pressure above the continental slab and may prompt the ascent of subducted crust into the opening gap. Thus, it can control the exhumation of high‐pressure rocks.  相似文献   

14.
In order to understand the vertical structure of the Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt, common Pb isotopic compositions of omphacites in eclogites and feldspars in gneisses from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project (100–5000 m) have been investigated in this study. Samples from 0 to 800 m (unit 1) in the drilling core have moderately high radiogenic Pb isotopes with small variations of 206Pb/204Pb (16.82–17.38), 207Pb/204Pb (15.37–15.49), and 208Pb/204Pb (37.21–37.72), indicating either high µ (238U/204Pb) or high initial Pb isotope ratios of their protoliths. In contrast, the samples from 1600 to 2040 m (unit 3) and most of samples from 3200 to 5000 m (unit 5) have moderately or very unradiogenic Pb (unit 3: 206Pb/204Pb from 16.05 to 16.46, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.22 to 15.29, and 208Pb/204Pb from 36.68 to 37.48; unit 5: 206Pb/204Pb from 15.52 to 15.69, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.15 to 15.27, and 208Pb/204Pb from 36.48 to 37.20), indicating either low µ or low initial Pb isotope ratios of their protoliths. Pb isotopes of samples from 800 to 1600 m (unit 2) and from 2040 to 3200 m (unit 4) in the drilling core with abundant ductile shear zones are intermediate between those of units 1 and 3 or 5 and display larger variations. Pb isotopes combined with the published oxygen isotope data of the CCSD samples reveal the original positions of the five units before the Triassic continental subduction. Units 1, 3, and 5 as three UHPM rock slabs could be derived from the subducted upper continental crust, upper–middle continental crust and lower–middle continental crust, respectively. The ductile shearing zones in units 2 and 4 could be the interfaces where the detachment and decoupling took place between the upper, upper–middle and lower–middle continental crusts. The detachment between the upper slab and subducting continental lithosphere probably occurred during continental subduction, and the upper slab (unit 1) was uplifted to a shallow depth along the detachment surface by thrusting. Units 3 and 5 may be detached later from the subducted middle and lower crust and uplifted to a shallow level underneath unit 1. The low δ18O values (? 4.0 to ? 7.4‰) [Xiao, Y.-L., Zhang, Z.-M., Hoefs, J., Kerkhof, A., 2006. Ultrahigh-pressure Metamorphic Rocks from the Chinese Continental Drilling Project-II Oxygen Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Distributions through Vertical Sections. Contribution Mineral Petrology 152, 443–458.; Zhang, Z.-M., Xiao, Y.-L., Zhao, X.-D., Shi, C., 2006. Fluid-rock interaction during the continental deep subduction: oxygen isotopic profile of the main hole of the CCSD project. Acta Petrologica Sinica 22 (7), 1941–1951.] in units 2 and 4 suggest that the detachment interfaces could be developed along an ancient fault zones which were the channels of meteoric water activity during the Neoproterozoic.  相似文献   

15.
Active continental subduction and crustal exhumation: the Taiwan orogeny   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
ABSTRACT A tectonic model of active continental subduction followed by crustal exhumation is proposed to explain the orogeny in Taiwan. The subducted crust is represented by a low-velocity zone dipping eastwards beneath the major part of Taiwan, while the exhumed crust is marked by a high-velocity bulge, high heat flow and absence of seismicity beneath the eastern Central Range. The boundary between the subducted and exhumed crust has been identified from surface geology and analyses of thermal history across the Central Range. The dynamic force that has been driving the exhumed crust is identified by results from focal mechanisms, structural geology and geodetic survey in the eastern Central Range. Such a tectonic model may provide a good explanation for the evolution of the Taiwan Orogeny, as well as an active case for studying other long-extinct systems of continental subduction and exhumation.  相似文献   

16.
大陆俯冲过程中的流体   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
李曙光  侯振辉 《地学前缘》2001,8(3):123-129
含水矿物矿物稳定性的实验研究和超高压岩石的同位素地球化学研究表明 ,大陆地壳在俯冲过程中 ,随着变质程度的升高和部分含水矿物的相继分解 ,会有流体释放出来。当俯冲深度接近5 0km ,俯冲陆壳岩石中大量低级变质含水矿物 (如绿泥石、绿帘石、阳起石 )会脱水并从俯冲陆壳逸出形成流体流。这一流体流可溶解带走俯冲陆壳内已从云母类矿物逸出的放射成因Ar及部分U、Pb ,并导致w(U) /w(Pb)升高。这一阶段逸出的流体有可能交代、水化仰冲壳楔 ,为其发生部分熔融形成同碰撞花岗岩或加速山根下地壳的榴辉岩化创造条件。在俯冲深度为 5 0~ 10 0km ,变镁铁质岩石中的角闪石相继分解并释放出H2 O。由于变镁铁质岩石在陆壳中所占比例较少 ,因此 ,这一阶段释放的水不能形成大规模的流体流 ,因而不能使体系内的过剩Ar大量散失 ,但足以形成局部循环 ,加速变镁铁质岩石及其互层或邻近围岩的榴辉岩化变质反应。在俯冲深度 >10 0km的超高压变质阶段 ,仅有少量的含水矿物分解 ,而多硅白云母仍保持稳定。这时俯冲陆壳内只可能有少量粒间水存在 ,从而导致俯冲陆壳与周围软流圈地幔不能发生充分的相互作用。  相似文献   

17.
戴立群  赵子福 《地球科学》2019,44(12):4128-4134
在大陆碰撞造山带中寻找消失的古洋壳再循环及其壳幔相互作用的证据,对理解从洋壳俯冲到陆壳俯冲化学地球动力学过程的转变,以及板块构造理论的发展具有重要意义.通过对桐柏-红安造山带晚古生代和晚中生代镁铁质岩浆岩的岩石地球化学特征进行总结,可以识别出俯冲古洋壳再循环的岩石学和地球化学记录.晚古生代岛弧型镁铁质岩石具有弧型微量元素特征和相对亏损的放射成因同位素组成,记录了俯冲古洋壳在弧下深度(80~160 km)的流体交代作用;而晚中生代洋岛型镁铁质岩石OIB型微量元素特征和亏损-弱富集的放射成因同位素组成,记录了俯冲古洋壳在弧后深度(>200 km)的熔体交代作用.这一定性的解释也进一步得到了定量计算的证实,其结果表明镁铁质岩浆岩中的不相容元素的含量以及放射性成因同位素的富集程度,主要受控于地幔源区中所加入的地壳组分的性质和比例.因此,碰撞造山带中的岛弧型和洋岛型镁铁质岩浆岩,分别记录了弧下和弧后深度的俯冲古洋壳物质再循环.   相似文献   

18.
俯冲带部分熔融   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
张泽明  丁慧霞  董昕  田作林 《岩石学报》2020,36(9):2589-2615
俯冲带是地幔对流环的下沉翼,是地球内部的重要物理与化学系统。俯冲带具有比周围地幔更低的温度,因此,一般认为俯冲板片并不会发生部分熔融,而是脱水导致上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融。但是,也有研究认为,在水化的洋壳俯冲过程中可以发生部分熔融。特别是在下列情况下,俯冲洋壳的部分熔融是俯冲带岩浆作用的重要方式。年轻的大洋岩石圈发生低角度缓慢俯冲时,洋壳物质可以发生饱和水或脱水熔融,基性岩部分熔融形成埃达克岩。太古代的俯冲带很可能具有与年轻大洋岩石圈俯冲带类似的热结构,俯冲的洋壳板片部分熔融可以形成英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩。平俯冲大洋高原中的基性岩可以发生部分熔融产生埃达克岩。扩张洋中脊俯冲可以导致板片窗边缘的洋壳部分熔融形成埃达克岩。与俯冲洋壳相比,俯冲的大陆地壳具有很低的水含量,较难发生部分熔融,但在超高压变质陆壳岩石的折返过程中可以经历广泛的脱水熔融。超高压变质岩在地幔深部熔融形成的熔体与地幔相互作用是碰撞造山带富钾岩浆岩的可能成因机制。碰撞造山带的加厚下地壳可经历长期的高温与高压变质和脱水熔融,形成S型花岗岩和埃达克质岩石。  相似文献   

19.
Processing of the oceanic lithosphere in subduction zones gives rise to arc magmatism, and strong compositional links exist between trench input and arc output. Here we address the question whether these compositional links are sufficiently strong to allow for ‘tracing’ the composition of the sedimentary and igneous oceanic crust through the chemistry of arcs. The tracing approach hinges critically on whether key characteristics of the subducted slab are transmitted to arcs. Results from forward and inverse modeling, verified by observations from modern arc settings, demonstrate that elements Sr, Pb, Nd and Hf that are associated with radiogenic isotopes may preserve chemical characteristics of the subducted slab in arc magmas. The data indicate that the much thicker igneous subducted crust dominates the recycled flux to arcs. The flux from the highly enriched, but thin sediment layer is buffered, and may be even concealed, by the concomitant contributions from igneous crust, and/or subarc mantle, despite the much better visibility of sediment components in trace element and isotope space. Arc Pb and Pb isotopes are the most promising tracers that may capture the isotopic diversity of subducted MORB-type and OIB-type crust with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution. While arc Sr is also strongly controlled by the flux from the subducted crust, arc data may allow for distinguishing among radiogenic Sr recycled from altered oceanic crust or from subducted sediment in moderately radiogenic arcs (87Sr/86Sr < ~ 0.7045). Co-mingling of Nd and Hf from igneous subducted crust with mantle contributions mostly hinders the isotopic identification of subducted crust through arc chemistry. However, Nd and Hf may provide complementary information about the efficiency of recycling, and recycling via subduction erosion.The tracing approach appears feasible in Cenozoic arcs where much of the original subduction context is preserved. First results from the Izu Bonin and Central American arcs show that plate tectonic events like oceanic plate formation and destruction, subduction of hotspot tracks and the closure of oceanic gateways are recorded in the chemistry of arcs. A comparative evaluation of Cenozoic global arcs may hence significantly complement the information from the modern oceanic basins, help to obtain a more complete image of the oceanic crustal composition and implicate the geochemical processes by which it formed. Possibly, the tracing approach may also be useful in ancient, inactive arcs to obtain information on the composition of oceanic crust subducted in the geological past.  相似文献   

20.
板块俯冲起始与大陆地壳演化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
组成大陆地壳的物质主要来自两个地质过程:地幔柱活动和板块俯冲。目前大多数研究认为板块俯冲起始于30多亿年前。在板块俯冲起始之前,基性的初始地壳物质受热重熔是大陆地壳生长的主要方式,其中,地幔柱活动是关键。地幔柱不仅向地壳输送玄武质岩浆,同时导致已有玄武质岩石和沉积岩通过部分熔融向中酸性岩石转化。当原始岩石圈强度足够大时,地幔柱会导致岩石圈倾斜、破裂,产生下滑力,诱发板块俯冲。板块俯冲引发岩浆活动,产生大量的岩浆岩,如岛弧安山岩、弧后盆玄武岩等。这些岩浆岩通过喷发、侵位,再经由块体拼贴、增生等过程加入到大陆地壳,是大陆地壳生长的主要途径。同时,板内岩浆活动乃至地幔柱活动等也与板块俯冲有直接或者间接的联系。俯冲再循环物质促进地幔柱发育,也为大陆地壳的生长提供物源和热能。与此同时,大陆地壳不断风化剥蚀,其中一部分沉积物随俯冲板块再循环到地幔,而板块俯冲过程也通过俯冲剥蚀等过程,将仰冲盘岩石圈物质刮削带入地幔。这些是大陆地壳消减的主要途径。目前大陆地壳增生和消减基本处于动态平衡。  相似文献   

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