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1.
岩浆型磷灰石结构四面体替换特征的标型意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据文献中列了的５６个产于碳酸岩－碱性岩磷灰石的成分数据，讨论了这些岩浆型磷灰石结构四面体替换特征的标型意义，并定义出四面体替换指数，（ＴＳＩ＝（Ｓｉ＋ＳＣ）／Ｐ，单位晶胞原子数百分比），以区别侵入相碳酸岩磷灰石，喷发相碳酸岩磷灰石和碱性岩磷灰石：ＩＡＰ的ＴＳＩ为０－６．９，平均３．６２，仅少量Ｃ进入Ｔ位置； 相似文献
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南极拉斯曼丘陵长英质片麻岩中的粗粒夕线石可能有内部出溶现象,出溶形成的矿物有磁铁矿、钛铁矿-赤铁矿和石英出溶矿物条纹,并有少量的斜方辉石.电子探针成分分析表明,本区夕线石高温结晶时不仅有Fe3 ,可能还有Fe2 、Mg2 和Ti4 的替换,铁氧化物质量分数可高达2.9%;随着温度的不断降低,固溶体互溶度也不断减小,大部分微量组分从夕线石中析出形成出溶结构,而且低温变体中稳定的替换元素以Fd3 为主.铁组分的类质同像替换对物理化学计算和夕线石矿化环境均有所影响,对夕线石晶胞参数a的影响很小,而对b,尤其对c的影响较大,与前人的结论有所不同. 相似文献
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磷灰石中挥发分的类质同象替换可以反映其结晶时岩浆体系的成分特点。采用扫描电镜、能谱、电子探针、X射线单晶晶胞参数测定和红外、拉曼光谱,对维苏威和武尔卡诺火山碎屑物中磷灰石进行了初步研究,发现其Ca、P位置上不出现替换,主要替换形成于通道位置上。武尔卡诺磷灰石低硫富Cl,晶胞参数c/a值很小,在低压高温下形成;而维苏威磷灰石含硫稍多,通道离子主要由OH-F组成,形成于压力较大、温度较低的环境,Cl趋向于在早期喷发物中富集,而F则趋向于在晚期喷发物中富集。 相似文献
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江西雅山花岗岩长石中磷的分布及意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
雅山富氟高磷花岗岩具较高的全岩磷含量（０．１５％～０．５５％）,长石是磷的主要赋存矿物,磷以ＰＡｌＳｉ－２替换方式进入长石结构中。各种结晶习性的长石的磷含量各不相同。早世代钠长石和雪球结构中钠长石包裹体的结晶较早,平均磷含量分别为０．１８％和０．１９％,而晚世代钠长石和环带钾长石中钠长石嵌晶的结晶稍晚,具较高的平均磷含量（分别为０．２５％和０．２３％）。钾长石的磷含量相对于钠长石总体上较低,早期结晶的雪球结构主晶钾长石和环带钾长石的磷含量最低,分别为０．０４％和０．０２％,晚期细粒钾长石的平均磷含量略高（０．１９％）。长石对全岩磷的贡献率还与磷锂铝石等磷酸盐副矿物是否达到饱和有关,当无磷锂铝石结晶时,长石磷的贡献率约为７６％,反之则约为３１％。 相似文献
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纳米矿物是纳米地球科学（Nanogeoscience）的核心研究对象之一.鉴于"纳米矿物"的概念在实际运用时较宽泛,有时与经典定义不符,建议用"纳米结构矿物"代替"纳米矿物",并简析了纳米结构矿物（Nanostructured Minerals）的概念.以管状纳米结构矿物（埃洛石和伊毛缟石）、球状纳米结构矿物（水铝英石）、层间纳米结构矿物（蒙脱石和伊/蒙混层矿物）和多孔纳米结构矿物（硅藻质蛋白石）为例,分析了纳米结构矿物的结构、表面基团的特殊性及其所衍生的特殊界面反应性,讨论了它们对矿物资源利用和油气生成等地球物质循环过程的重要意义. 相似文献
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微观结构超压机制与超高压矿物的形成 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出了由岩石及矿物的结构形态、岩石力学性质不同引起的微结构超压机制。对影响结构超压的诸因素(弹性参数、热物理性质)进行了数值模拟实验和定量分析。研究结果表明，结构压力对超高压岩石、矿物的形成具有重要的意义。结构压力随弹性模量差异、围限压力、温度改变量及热膨胀系数差异的增加而增大。在岩石、矿物的弹性模量相差5倍的条件下，结构附加压力可达到静岩压力的45％左右。如果再考虑热膨胀系数不同及降温引起的附加压力，在较一般的情况下，60公里左右深处就有可能具备柯石英等超高压矿物形成的下限压力条件。 相似文献
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异类矿物结构基元层间层矿物研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
异类矿物结构基元层间层矿物研究曹正民，秦善，王启明（北京大学地质学系，北京１００８７１）关键词晶体化学、异类矿物结构基元层、墨铜矿矿物的间层现象是由Ｊ．Ｗ．Ｇｒｕｎｅｒ在１９３４年发现的。其中属同一大类矿物基元层交互堆叠而形成的间层矿物已有大量的研究... 相似文献
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Olivier Rozenbaum Luc Barbanson Fabrice Muller Ary Bruand 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2008,340(6):345-355
Stone substitution is a conventional operation during heritage buildings’ restoration, but becomes problematic for architects and restorers when the quarry is mined out. The compatibility of the substitution stones with the original ones has been for long mainly based on the aesthetical aspect, this resulting too often in a patchwork of original and substitution stones with different patina after several years because of differences of properties. In this study, the objective is to show how substitution stones can be selected by combining aesthetic criteria and stones properties that are relevant for analyzing their compatibility. A couple of French limestones with their potential substitution stones were selected for the study. Our results showed that potential substitution stones selected on their aesthetic criteria require to be rejected because of their differences of physical properties. On the other hand, our results showed also the possibility to select substitution stones with satisfactory aesthetic aspect and properties that enable to expect a satisfactory compatibility with the original stone. 相似文献
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G. M. da Costa E. Van San E. De Grave R. E. Vandenberghe V. Barrón L. Datas 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(2):122-131
A novel method for synthesis of aluminium hematites, based upon the homogeneous precipitation of Fe and Al oxinates in various proportions, is presented. The precursor precipitates are heated in air at 700?°C. X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, BET, FTIR, optical reflection analysis, TEM and Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature and 80?K of the resulting products indicate that single-phase hematites are formed with structural Al substitution of up to 10 at%. Interestingly, the particle size (>100?nm) is not substantially reduced by the Al content. Although it remains difficult to obtain a homogeneously distributed Al substitution in the final hematite, this processing line offers a unique opportunity to separate the effects of grain size and Al substitution on the Morin transition temperature (T M) of Al hematite. From the comparison between the present hematites and a series of Al-substituted hematites with lepidocrocite as precursor, it could be shown that the effect on T M, associated with a change of a factor 10 in grain size, is about 1/3 of the effect caused by a change of 10 in the degree of substitution. Finally, it is suggested that proper thermal treatments under different conditions of the same precursors are likely to produce spinel phases. 相似文献
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Secondary textures formed in natural zircon crystals under the influence of hydrothermal solutions are interpreted as products
of metasomatic substitution. Such textures are clearly seen in metamict zircons and zircons enriched in radioactive elements,
which are often found in potassic granites, pegmatites, and other rocks with high U and Th contents. Specific secondary textures
in zircons contained in microcline granites, metasedimentary and eclogite-like rocks of the Kola Peninsula are reviewed. Detailed
mineralogical and geochemical studies of zircons (CL, BSE, microprobe analysis of incompatible elements) have been carried
out with the subsequent U-Pb dating of different zircon zones. The mechanism of secondary texture formation is considered
in terms of metasomatic isomorphic substitution. Analogy between natural structure of zircon and products of experimental
isomorphic substitution makes it possible to obtain additional information on conditions of the natural zircon growth important
for interpreting geochronological data. When metamict zircons are substituted without gaining new material and with a decrease
in volume, the U-Pb age of initial zircon remains unchanged and the lower intercept of discordia and concordia corresponds
to the time of fluid impact. Substitution with a gain in matter is accompanied by excess volume. In this case, the timing
of zones of transitional composition is devoid of geological sense. 相似文献
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Zn在生物磷灰石中的晶体化学行为不同于在地质体中,传统的磷灰石类质同像替代理论对生物磷灰石中的Ca位替换并不完全适用。为了解释生物磷灰石中Zn的出现,本文对已知的生物磷灰石中Zn的存在情况、Zn对Ca的替代机制以及Zn替代对生物磷灰石的影响等内容进行了综述,并就Zn在生物磷灰石中的晶体化学研究对人体肿瘤诊疗的启示作用进行了简单的讨论。理论和实验均表明Zn可以进入生物磷灰石晶格,占据有Ca缺陷的磷灰石晶格中的Ca2位空缺,使局部结构整体收缩。Zn的掺入对生物磷灰石的晶粒尺寸、结晶度、晶胞参数等均会产生较大的影响。当Zn被固定在人体肿瘤伴有的病理性钙化晶格中时,其可能对周围组织及体液中的Zn含量产生影响,进而影响人体内Zn的新陈代谢。 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2006,225(3-4):373-387
Rock-forming zeolites often exhibit complex solid solutions reflecting isomorphous substitutions between Si and Al in tetrahedral framework sites, between charge-balancing extraframework cations, and between water molecules and vacancies. Although the number of moles of charge on extraframework cations in a zeolite must equal the moles of Al in order to maintain charge balance, the relationships between Si–Al and extraframework substitutions vary considerably across this mineral group. Review of available compositional data suggests that there are three main modes of Si–Al substitution in zeolites: 1) coupled CaAl–NaSi substitution; 2) coupled substitution of a single extraframework cation plus Al for Si; and 3) completely uncoupled substitution among extraframework cations and Si and Al on tetrahedral sites. Among zeolites that exhibit the latter two modes of solid solution, Si–Al substitution can be described by an SiO2 (± H2O) compositional exchange vector from a hypothetical, pure-silica endmember composition. Recent calorimetric, structural, and theoretical investigations suggest that Si–Al substitution follows a non-ideal, athermal solution model characterized by no excess enthalpies of mixing and negative excess entropies of mixing. Because Si–Al exchange in these minerals can be explicitly or implicitly described by exchange of an SiO2 component, the Si/Al ratio in their framework can be predicted solely as a function of temperature, pressure, and the chemical potential of SiO2. Application of this model leads to calculated Si/Al ratios in stilbite (coexisting with albite), analcime, and chabazite consistent with observed mineral compositions and parageneses in very low-grade metamorphic environments. Coexistence of silica polymorphs with zeolites containing SiO2·nH2O exchange vectors potentially provides a means of performing thermobarometric calculations in very low-grade metamorphic and diagenetic environments. 相似文献
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We present detailed experimental results on the partitioning of rare earth elements (REE) between titanite and a range of different silicate melts. Our results show that Henry’s law of trace element partitioning depends on bulk composition, the available partners for heterovalent substitution, crystal composition, and melt composition. We illustrate that the partition coefficients for Sm depend very strongly on the bulk concentration of Sm in the system. The substitution mechanism, by which rare earth elements are incorporated into the crystal structure, plays an important role for trace element partitioning and also for the onset of Henry’s law. Our data show that there are clear differences between substitution mechanisms of major elements compared to elements which are present only as traces. Our experiments also clearly show that the onset of Henry’s law depends on the concentrations of the sum of all trace elements which are incorporated into the crystal by the same substitution mechanism. For geochemical modelling of magmatic processes involving titanite, and indeed other accessory phases, it is of crucial importance to first evaluate whether the REE, and other trace elements, are present as traces or as major elements, only then appropriate D values may be chosen. 相似文献
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给出云母化学成分比值FM=6(Fe+2+Mn)/(Fe2++Mn+Mg),用以表示Mg-Fe云母成分变化的基本趋势。根据291个云母的化学成分相对于FM值的异常变化,提出了天然Mg-Fe云母自然分类的新方案:把FM≌1.20(1.05-1.35)、4.80作为区分金云母、黑云母和铁叶云母的界线;FM>0.60的金云母称为铁金云母;以FM=2.70、3.60把黑云母再细分为富镁黑云母、镁铁黑云母和富铁黑云母。Mg-Fe云母自然分类的本质是各成员云母之间白云母置换方式和限度的潜在差异在不同的自然结晶条件下的反映。 相似文献
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碎石桩复合地基承力性状有限元分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文通过对碎石桩复合地基的简化，采用有限元方法分析了复合地基的附加应力与桩身应力的分布特征；讨论了桩土应力此与桩土模量比，以及荷载及置换率的相互关系；揭了桩体变形和复合地基塑性区扩展的基本规律。即从不同角度探讨了复合地基的承力性状。 相似文献