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1.
Modeling strategy for jointed rock masses reinforced by rock bolts in tunneling practice 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Shunsuke Sakurai 《Acta Geotechnica》2010,5(2):121-126
This paper deals with the modeling of jointed rock masses reinforced by rock bolts. It is well known that rock bolts are extremely
effective in reinforcing jointed rocks. However, if a continuum approach is adopted for modeling jointed rock masses, it is
often misleading to evaluate the effectiveness of the rock bolts by numerical analyses such as the finite element method.
This may be due to the fact that since no more joints exist in the continuum, the effectiveness of the rock bolts in constraining
the relative displacements along the joints cannot be evaluated properly. In order to investigate the reinforcement effect
of rock bolts, physical model tests were performed in the laboratory. The test results revealed that jointed rock masses should
be modeled as an equivalent continuum after the installation of rock bolts and that the mechanical parameters of the equivalent
continuum should be evaluated by considering the reinforcement effect of the rock bolts. Therefore, the values of the mechanical
parameters differ from place to place in accordance with the relation between joint orientation and rock bolt direction, even
though joint systems are homogeneous. In conclusion, in the continuum approach for modeling jointed rock masses, it should
be emphasized that rock bolts and jointed rock masses should not be modeled separately but should be modeled simultaneously
by considering the reinforcement effect of the rock bolts in constraining joint movement. The modeling of shotcrete reinforced
by steel ribs is also discussed in comparison to the modeling by rock bolts. 相似文献
2.
节理岩体几何结构非常复杂,研究其渗流特性对于指导含水岩层稳定性分析具有重要价值。应用离散裂隙网络模型DFN方法,基于VC++6.0软件平台,建立了平面渗流分析方法,分析了节理岩体不同几何分布情况下的渗透率张量特征,通过定义渗流定向性系数对岩体渗流的定向性特征进行了定量分析。结果表明：单组节理岩体渗流具有明显的各向异性特征,渗流定向性随着节理角度变化显著;节理随着节理贯通性增加,节理渗透率呈现对数增加趋势;两组节理情况下,各向异性特征随着节理组间夹角变化;两组节理岩体渗流特征研究中,正交分布下,岩体仍存在各向异性,但渗流定向性系数较低;当节理倾角服从正态分布时,随着节理倾角标准差增大,渗透率增加;两组节理夹角不同时,节理渗透主方向倾角随着夹角增大而相应增大,基本沿两组节理夹角方向的角平分线方向。 相似文献
3.
以重庆梁-忠（梁平县-忠县）高速公路礼让隧道为工程研究背景,通过测线法调查现场节理,获得了节理产状分布概率密度函数,并从分形几何学的角度分析了节理间距及迹长的分形分布规律,推导出能反映节理间距及迹长分布状态的分形维数D及分形分布概率密度函数。在该基础上采用Matlab软件以及Monte-Carlo随机分析方法,产生节理参数随机数,结合3DEC中最新模块离散裂隙网络(DFN)技术,建立了能反映节理裂隙分布特征的离散裂隙网络模型并验证了模型的有效性,结果表明,分形分布比负指数分布包含更多的间距、迹长分布信息,更接近于实际分布;分形维数D反映了节理间距、迹长在其变化范围内的分布特征,分形维数的大小取决于小间距、小迹长部分数量在总节理数量中的比例,为节理裂隙岩体网络模型构建提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
4.
Strength and Deformational Behaviour of a Jointed Rock Mass 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary
An assessment of the strength and deformational response of jointed rock masses is an essential requirement in the site selection,
design and successful execution of Civil and Mining Engineering projects. A quick estimate of these properties for preliminary
evaluation of alternate sites, will reduce considerable expenditures for field tests. An attempt has been made in the present
study to develop a link between strength and deformability of jointed block masses with the properties of intact specimens,
obtained from simple laboratory tests, taking into account the influence of the properties of the joints. Extensive experimentation
has been carried out on large specimens of jointed block masses under uniaxial compression. The model material represents
a low strength rock. Various joint configurations were introduced to achieve the most common modes of failure occurring in
nature. A coefficient called Joint Factor has been used to account for the weakness brought into the intact rock by jointing.
Methods of computing the Joint Factor for various modes of failure of a jointed mass in an unconfined state have been established.
The effect of Joint Factor on strength and tangent modulus of the mass has been studied and the values have been correlated
with those of intact rock. Guidelines for assessing probable modes of failure of a jointed mass will enable one to estimate
the relevant strength and tangent modulus of the mass. 相似文献
5.
岩体统计均质区是裂隙岩体研究的一个重要内容,是三维裂隙网络等的基础研究范围。在列联表卡方检验基础上建立起考虑裂隙岩体迹长的方法用来划分岩体的统计均质区,即在统计均质区划分过程中考虑裂隙迹长的因素,通过列联表卡方检验建立两对比样本,计算对比样本各属性之间的实际频率,计算卡方值与临界卡方值。在判断样本之间是否具有统计相似性的基础上,建立了确定统计均质区的划分方法,使得裂隙岩体统计均质区划分更为全面与客观。 相似文献
6.
In nature, there exist several forms of anisotropy in rock masses due to the presence of bedding planes, joints, and weak layers. It is well understood that the anisotropic properties of jointed rock masses significantly affect the stability of surface and underground excavations. However, these critical anisotropic characteristics are often ignored in existing uniaxial dynamic failure criteria. This study investigates the effect of a pre-existing persistent joint on the rate-dependent mechanical behaviours of a rock mass using a particle mechanics approach, namely, bonded particle model (BPM), to realistically replicate the mechanical response of the rock mass. Firstly, in order to capture the rate-dependent response of the jointed rock mass, the BPM model is validated using published experimental data. Then, a dynamic strength model is proposed based on the Jaeger criterion and simulation results. To further investigate the dynamic behaviours, the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) for anisotropic rock masses with various joint orientations is investigated by subjecting the BPM models to uniaxial compression numerical tests with various strain rate. The proposed dynamic strength model is validated based on numerical simulation results. Finally, the fragmentation characteristics of the jointed rock masses are analysed, which demonstrate that the failure mode affects the dynamic UCS. This is further confirmed by the analysis of the orientations of microscopic cracks generated by the compression loading. 相似文献
7.
Strength and dilatancy of jointed rocks with granular fill 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ashutosh Trivedi 《Acta Geotechnica》2010,5(1):15-31
It is well recognised that the strength of rock masses depends upon the strain history, extent of discontinuities, orientation
of plane of weakness, condition of joints, fill material in closely packed joints and extent of confinement. Several solutions
are available for strength of jointed rock mass with a set of discontinuities. There is a great multiplicity in the proposed
relationships for the strength of jointed rocks. In the present study, the author conceives the effect of increasing stresses
to induce permanent strains. This permanent strain appears as micro crack, macro crack and fracture. A fully developed network
of permanent deformations forms joint. The joint may contain deposits of hydraulic and hydrothermal origin commonly known
as gouge. The joint factor numerically captures varied engineering possibilities of joints in a rock mass. The joints grow
as an effect of loading. The growth of the joints is progressive in nature. It increases the joint factor, which modifies
the failure stresses. The dilatancy explains the progressive failure of granular media. Hence, a mutual relationship conjoins
effectively the strength of jointed rock and a dilatancy-dependent parameter known as relative dilatancy. This study provides
a simple and integral solution for strength of jointed rocks, interpreted in relation to the commonly used soil, and rock
parameters, used for a realistic design of structure on rock masses. It has scope for prediction of an equivalent strength
for tri-axial and plane strain conditions for unconfined and confined rock masses using a simple technique. 相似文献
8.
岩体统计均质区的划分是岩体工程设计的首要步骤,因为不同的均质区内岩体的结构特性和力学特性都存在差异。大多研究考虑产状或者其他单一参数划分岩体统计均质区,却很少有人考虑多参数进行划分研究。考虑了裂隙产状、迹长两个参数,提出了一种划分裂隙岩体统计均质区的新方法,即基于秩和检验评价两个样本之间的相似性,从而实现对裂隙岩体统计均质区的划分。结合工程实例即云南省马吉水电站左岸坝肩某两高程4个平硐的岩体结构统计均质区划分,分析了多参数对裂隙岩体统计均质区划分的影响。研究结果表明：PD241和PD253、PD201和PD241分别划分为一个统计均质区,而PD201和PD251 以及PD251和PD253不具有统计相似性。考虑了产状和迹长因素对岩体统计均质区的影响,划分结果较Miller方法更加合理可靠。结合现场调查分析,新方法的结果更加吻合实际情况。 相似文献
9.
In this paper, an anisotropic strength criterion is established for jointed rock masses. An orientation distribution function (ODF) of joint connectivity, is introduced to characterize the anisotropic strength of jointed rock masses related to directional distributed joint sets. Coulomb failure condition is formulated for each plane of jointed rock masses by joint connectivity, where the friction coefficient and cohesion of the jointed rock mass are related to those of the intact rock and joint and become orientation dependent. When approximating joint connectivity by its second‐order fabric tensor, an anisotropic strength criterion is derived through an approximate analytical solution to the critical plane problem. To demonstrate the effects of joint distribution on the anisotropic strength of jointed rock masses, the failure envelopes are worked out for different relative orientations of material anisotropy and principal stress axes. The anisotropic strength criterion is also applied to wellbore stability analyses. It is shown that a borehole drilled in the direction of the maximum principal in situ stress is not always the safest due to the anisotropic strength of the jointed rock mass. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
A Numerical Study on Wave Transmission Across Multiple Intersecting Joint Sets in Rock Masses with UDEC 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper presents a numerical study on wave transmission across jointed rock masses with UDEC, where multiple intersecting joint sets exist. The capability of UDEC of studying wave transmission across rock joints is validated through comparison with analytical solutions and experimental data. Through parametric studies on wave transmission across jointed rock masses, it is found that joint mechanical and spatial parameters including joint normal and shear stiffnesses, nondimensional joint spacing, joint spacing ratio, joint intersecting angle, incident angle, and number of joint sets together determine the wave transmission. And for P wave incidence, compared with other parameters, joint normal stiffness, nondimensional joint spacing, and joint intersecting angle have more significant effects on wave transmission. The physical reasons lying behind those phenomena are explained in detail. Engineering applications and indications of the modeling results are also mentioned. 相似文献
11.
Most natural rock masses contain a large number of random joints and fissures, and most of the rock masses at the rock engineering are commonly in both compression and shear stress environment. However, the research on the failure characteristics of complex random jointed rock mass under compressive-shear loading is still limited. To address this gap, this paper uses the particle flow code 2D to establish a discrete fractured rock mass model and carry out a series of numerical tests with different compressive-shear angles (α) and different joint geometric parameters. The effects of compressive-shear angle and joint geometric parameters on the strength and failure characteristics of fractured rock masses are studied. The results indicate that with the increase of α, the peak strength of the specimen decreases gradually, and the failure mode changes from the composite shear failure mode (Mode-I) to a plane shear failure mode (Mode-II) and then to intact shear failure mode (Mode-III). Specifically, the three failure modes occur in the specimens with α?=?15°, 30° or 45°, 60°, respectively. The existence of joints affects stress distribution on rock mass during the loading process. Furthermore, the stress at the joint tip is relatively concentrated, while on both sides of the joint is smaller. Three kinds of crack coalescence patterns are observed: tensile, shear, and tensile-shear mixed coalescence. The inclination angle of the rock bridge between adjacent joints affects the specific type of coalescence.
相似文献12.
In order to study the damage constitutive model of rock mass with non-persistent joints in engineering practice, the assumption that the rock mesoscopic elements strength obeys the Weibull distribution function of random, the Drucker–Prager criterion is used as a representation method to describe the strength of the mesoscopic elements, and mesoscopic damage variable is deduced. Combined with the energy principle and the fracture damage theory, the macroscopic damage variable formula is deduced considering the crack propagation length and the friction effect of joint closure in the rock mass. Finally, based on the strain equivalent hypothesis of Lemaitre and considering the coupling of macro and micro defects, the composite damage variables are derived. A macro–meso composite damage constitutive model of rock mass with non-persistent joints is established based on the Drucker–Prager criterion. The theoretical constitutive curves of the model are in good agreement with the experimental constitutive curves of the non-persistent jointed rock masses. The considering effects of crack propagation length and joint closure friction effect are compared with those without considering the crack propagation length and joint closure friction effect, which finds that the former is superior to the latter, and the rationality and validity of the model is verified. 相似文献
13.
Microplane damage model for jointed rock masses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The paper presents a new microplane constitutive model for the inelastic behavior of jointed rock masses that takes into account the mechanical behavior and geometric characteristics of cracks and joints. The basic idea is that the microplane modeling of rock masses under general triaxial loading, including compression, requires the isotropic rock matrix and the joints to be considered as two distinct phases coupled in parallel. A joint continuity factor is defined as a microplane damage variable to represent the stress‐carrying area fraction of the joint phase. Based on the assumption of parallel coupling between the rock joint and the rock matrix, the overall mechanical behavior of the rock is characterized by microplane constitutive laws for the rock matrix and for the rock joints, along with an evolution law for the microplane joint continuity factor. The inelastic response of the rock matrix and the rock joints is controlled on the microplane level by the stress–strain boundaries. Based on the arguments enunciated in developing the new microplane model M7 for concrete, the previously used volumetric–deviatoric splits of the elastic strains and of the tensile boundary are avoided. The boundaries are tensile normal, compressive normal, and shear. The numerical simulations demonstrate satisfactory fits of published triaxial test data on sandstone and on jointed plaster mortar, including quintessential features such as the strain softening and dilatancy under low confining pressure, as well as the brittle–ductile transition under higher confining pressure, and the decrease of jointed rock strength and Young's modulus with an increasing dip angle of the joint. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Two artificial neural network models for the prediction of elastic modulus of jointed rock mass from the elastic modulus of
corresponding intact rock and joint parameters have been demonstrated in this paper. The data collected from uniaxial and
triaxial compression tests on different rocks with different joint configurations and different confining pressure conditions,
reported in the literature are used as input for training the networks. Important joint properties like joint frequency, joint
inclination and roughness of joints are considered separately for making the network more versatile. Two different techniques
of artificial neural networks namely feed forward back propagation (FFBP) and radial basis function (RBF) are used to predict
the elastic modulus ratio. 相似文献
15.
节理岩体超声测试及单轴压缩试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了获取节理岩体各向异性力学特性和声波传播规律的相互关系,通过制作圆柱形单一预制贯通节理试件,开展了7种不同倾角节理试件的超声波波速测试和单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：（1）节理试件波速测试值离散性较大,但总体服从正态分布,波速平均值介于石膏试件和完整试件之间,波速随节理倾角增大呈线性递减;（2）不同倾角的节理面对节理试件力学特性的影响很大,在应力-应变关系、变形特征、强度特征和破坏模式上均表现出显著的各向异性特征;（3）节理试件的力学性质和超声波传播特性变化规律区别很大,采用超声波波速确定节理试件的力学参数会存在很大误差。 相似文献
16.
节理岩体中隧道开挖与支护的数值模拟 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
由于节理、断层等不连续面的存在造成岩体变形的不连续性,并且这些不连续面对岩体变形、应力等力学行为造成重要影响。对已有的非连续变形分析程序进行了两点改进,应用改进的程序模拟了节理岩体中隧洞开挖与支护的过程,研究了不同节理倾角岩体的应力分布特性、开挖后隧洞围岩的变形和应力分布规律以及支护后衬砌的变形与应力特点。研究结果表明,节理倾角对节理岩体系统的应力和变形有着直接的影响,并且影响着隧洞开挖后的内空收敛效应;隧洞开挖顺序对围岩的变形和稳定也有重要影响。改进后的非连续变形分析方法和程序可以用来分析复杂节理岩体系统中隧洞的开挖与支护。 相似文献
17.
18.
针对节理化岩体的自身特点,提出沿岩体层面产生的应力集中以及层面与节理之间的残余完整岩桥破坏,将可能导致岩体产生复合式滑移破坏。并在室内利用岩石三轴刚性伺服机,通过模型试验对岩体的层面和一组与层面正交的节理的情况进行模拟研究,分析了结构面性状和围压对复合式滑移破坏的影响,给出了在贯通性结构面(层面)倾角、非贯通性结构面以及围压等因素共同作用下,节理化岩体发生复合式滑移破坏的条件以及破坏面特征。在与前人的试验资料进行对比分析的基础上得到可靠的结论,期望为在将来的实践工作中正确评估节理化岩体的破坏模式提供指导性意见。 相似文献
19.
城市地下管线采用承插式接口连接,管线结构的连续性与否取决于接口刚度。然而,现有研究大都假定地下管线为连续结构,忽略了接口转角对管线变形的影响。开展土工离心模型试验和两阶段有限元参数分析,系统研究了盾构下穿不同接口刚度管线的变形特性。发现非连续管线的薄弱接口导致其整体抗弯刚度明显小于连续管线,且接口转动导致非连续管线具有更好的与土体协调变形能力。因此,盾构下穿施工引起的非连续管线沉降明显大于连续管线。非连续管的结构连续性假定将大大低估管线沉降。盾构下穿引起的接口转角与地层损失呈线性关系。基于系统的有限元参数分析,建立了区分相对刚性、柔性管线的无量纲组。针对相对刚性、柔性的非连续管线,分别建立了管节相对长度、管-土相对刚度与接口转角的预测方法,利用离心模型试验结果验证了预测方法的合理性。新方法能有效地预测盾构穿越地下管线的接口转角,研究成果可应用于城市地下管网改造工程。 相似文献
20.
M. Singh 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2000,33(2):141-147
Summary ?Deformational behaviour of jointed rocks is governed both by the properties of the joints and the intact rock. The applicability
of a constitutive model to predict the stress-strain behaviour of a jointed block mass is discussed in this note. The stress-strain
curves predicted by the model are compared with the experimental curves from physical model tests. It is observed that the
model predicts the tangent modulus of the mass very closely. The failure strains are, however, underestimated, which may be
due to the constant value of shear stiffness, resulting in linear stress-strain response by the model. The non-linear response
of stress-strain curves can be obtained by using a variable value of the shear stiffness of the joints. A simple approach
has been presented to assign variable stiffnesses, based on direct shear test results on joints. It is found that by assuming
a variable stiffness the axial strains can also be predicted accurately. The transverse strain, however, remains highly underestimated
by the model. 相似文献