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1.
This article highlights the relationship between speleothems growing inside gypsum caves and the particular climate that existed
during their development. Speleothems in gypsum caves normally consist of calcium carbonate (calcite) or calcium sulphate
(gypsum) and the abundance of such deposits greatly differs from zone to zone. Observations carried out over the last 20 years
in gypsum caves subjected to very different climates (Italy, Spain, New Mexico, northern Russia, Cuba, Argentina) highlight
wide variation in their cave deposits. In arid or semi-arid climates, the speleothems are mainly composed of gypsum, whilst
in temperate, humid or tropical regions, carbonate formations are largely predominant. In polar zones no speleothems develop.
These mineralogical details could be useful paleoclimatic indicators of climate change. The interpretation proposed is based
on the fact that in gypsum karst the kind of speleothems deposited is determined by competition between the two principal
mechanisms that cause precipitation of calcite and gypsum. These mechanisms are completely different: calcite speleothem evolution
is mainly controlled by CO2 diffusion, while gypsum deposits develop mostly due to evaporation. Therefore, the prevalence of one kind of speleothem over
the other, and the relationship between the solution–precipitation processes of calcite and gypsum, may provide evidence of
a specific paleoclimate. Additionally, other non-common deposits in gypsum caves like moonmilk, cave rafts and dolomite speleothems
can be used as markers for the prevalence of long, dry periods in humid areas, seasonal changes in climate, or rainfall trends
in some gypsum areas. Moreover, the dating of gypsum speleothems could contribute paleoclimatic data relating to dry periods
when calcite speleothems are not deposited. In contrast, the dating of calcite speleothems in gypsum caves could identify
former wet periods in arid zones. 相似文献
2.
旅游网络关注度是旅游者需求状况和行为习惯在网络上的直观表现。基于百度指数,运用变异系数、基尼系数等定量测算方法,以中国最美五大旅游洞穴为例,对中国旅游洞穴网络关注度的时空特征进行了研究。研究结果显示:旅游洞穴在网络上的关注度较高,并呈现上升的态势,月变化曲线呈双“M”形;网络关注度的省际差异明显,关注度较高的区域主要是洞穴所在的省（市）、邻近省（市）以及东部经济发达省份;旅游洞穴网络关注度的高峰、低谷与国内旅游活动的季节性差异具有耦合性,洞穴的吸引力和吸引范围具有明显的区域性。研究结论为洞穴旅游的发展提供了启示:应充分重视互联网在景区营销中的作用,将网络关注度作为景区经营管理的重要工具,加强与周边景区（点）的合作。 相似文献
3.
Yi Ding Daizhao Chen Xiqiang Zhou Chuan Guo Taiyu Huang Gongjing Zhang 《Sedimentology》2019,66(6):2511-2537
Speleothems, mostly composed of calcium carbonate, are widely present in modern karst‐originated caves, but have rarely been reported in palaeokarst systems. This study presents a novel type of dolomite speleothem and subsequent submarine dolomite cement, which are widely present in the upper Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the upper Yangtze area. These precipitated materials occur in the cavity system that cuts across several peritidal cycles. The interconnected cavity networks with irregular shapes, embayed walls, internal breccias on cavity floor and their preferential development in the shallower cycle tops (for example, tepee‐deformed beds) suggest that they were initially generated by subaerial dissolution. As the earliest infills, the hemispherical protrusions, icicle‐like pendants and ground‐up columns show similar morphological features and occurrence patterns to the cave popcorn, stalactites and stalagmites, respectively. Thus, these earliest infills are speleothems resulting from associated meteoric precipitation during subaerial exposure. The isopachous growth pattern of subsequent more extensive fibrous dolomite cements points to a submarine diagenetic environment in which they were precipitated. Microscopically, the micritic to micro‐crystalline dolomite, acicular dolomite in speleothems and the subsequent fibrous dolomite share similar crystal fabrics to metastable precursors (for example, Mg‐calcite). Meanwhile, the carbon‐oxygen isotope compositions of the speleothem and fibrous dolomite, although partly altered by burial diagenesis, share a large overlap with host rock and coeval marine carbonates all over the Yangtze Platform. For these reasons, these speleothems and fibrous cements are considered to have been initially precipitated as metastable carbonate precursors in meteoric and submarine environments, respectively, and stabilized during submarine mimetic dolomitization. The cyclic occurrence of cavity systems filled with speleothems and submarine cements reflects periodic subaerial exposure and marine flooding of broad tidal flat in the upper Yangtze area, driven by high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations. Furthermore, the Neoproterozoic seawater chemistry that favoured early dolomitization of carbonate precursor mineralogies was an advantage for the preservation of fabrics from metastable precursor minerals. 相似文献
4.
洞穴滴石石笋与陆地古环境记录研究进展 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
洞穴碳酸盐沉积与其它自然材料相比 ,具有分布广 ,时间跨度大 ,生长机制对环境敏感 ,保存信息完整 ,适合于 U系测年等特点。可与海洋沉积物、冰芯、树轮相媲美。尤其是洞穴滴石石笋为大陆气候替代指标提供了一类独特的数据源。从稳定同位素地球化学、石笋微层、微量元素地球化学、洞穴碳酸盐结晶学和岩石学等方面论述了该领域的最新研究进展。如利用洞穴碳酸盐δ函数定量地分离出纯的温度信号 ;利用石笋碳同位素变化及草原与森林生态系统光合作用的差异特征 ,恢复草原 -森林间的演变过程 ,显示了其在全球变化研究中的重要地位和作用。 相似文献
5.
重庆丰都雪玉洞群包括羊子洞、雪玉洞和水鸣洞,西南大学的研究团队从2008年开始对雪玉洞群开展了系统的现代过程监测,以了解洞穴系统气候和环境信息的传输、转化和记录过程。通过对雪玉洞洞穴内外的大气、植被、土壤、基岩、滴水和洞穴沉积物等的动态监测,研究了碳酸盐沉积过程的水化学指标变化,揭示了现代洞穴滴水的影响因素和变化过程,以及碳酸盐沉积物对现代气候环境变化的响应,也为古气候的定量化研究提供了基础支撑。现代过程监测记录表明:雪玉洞CO2主要来源于上覆土壤,其季节变化受降水的影响较大;在短时间尺度上受到游客旅游活动的影响明显,但幅度远远小于自然过程引起的变化。雪玉洞内次生沉积物的沉积速率具有明显的旱季、雨季特征,不同滴水点下方沉积物的沉积速率变化较大。雪玉洞群三个洞穴的石笋古环境记录研究表明,本区石笋的230Th/232Th比值较适合高精度铀系测年;部分石笋沉积速率较快,平均沉积速率达到0.25 mm·a?1,可以开展高分辨率的气候和环境变化研究。羊子洞YZ1石笋的年龄范围在116~3 ka B.P.之间（平均测年精度2σ,269年）,覆盖了整个末次冰期,δ18O和δ13C的变化曲线和东亚季风区的其他记录具有明显的一致性。同位素测试的时间分辨率平均为88年,成功记录了一些百年－千年尺度的气候突变事件,如Heinrich事件、7.2 ka事件、小冰期等。在精确年代学的基础上,雪玉洞群石笋具有重建高分辨率气候环境变化的潜力。 相似文献
6.
Activity ratios of 234U/238U, 230Th/234U, and 230Th/232Th have been determined for calcite, gypsum and halite speleothems from caves of the Nullarbor Plain, mostly in the area N and NW of Mundrabilla Station, for the purpose of U-series dating. All calcite speleothems contain adequate amounts of uranium for dating, but some show an excess of 230Th. Stratigraphic relationships indicate that there were at least three phases of calcium carbonate deposition in the Nullarbor caves. The calcite samples, with one possible exception, have ages in excess of ca. 400000 yrs BP. This suggests that no significant amounts of calcium carbonate deposition have taken place during the last 400ka. At present, active deposition of speleothems is restricted almost entirely to gypsum and halite. The only gypsum speleothem dated was found to have a finite age of ca. 185 ka. Six dates on a small halite speleothem containing insect and arachnid remains indicate that it formed rapidly during Holocene time. 相似文献
7.
洞穴碳酸盐有机质荧光发光特征研究及其展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
洞穴碳酸盐是洞穴滴水沉淀的结果,其有机质的荧光性质响应于外界气候与生态环境的高频率、周期性变化,是高分辨率反映气候- 环境变化的有效手段。本文详细分析了洞穴碳酸盐荧光物质的组成、来源及影响其荧光光谱的因素,并总结了其分析方法; 回顾了国内外在洞穴碳酸盐荧光发光性的古气候- 环境研究方面的应用,并对其将来的发展方向作了展望; 认为洞穴碳酸盐发光微层及其光谱特征形成机制的现代过程、微层层内物质组成,以及土壤、植被、气候三者响应关系是值得今后进一步加强研究的主要内容。 相似文献
8.
洞穴钟乳石类的分类方案 总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4
为填补我国洞穴钟乳石类尚无一较系统的分类方案的空白,根据我国洞穴调查与探测的现有研究程度与发现,和我国主要属“雨水型喀斯特”的基本特点,提出了一个以钟乳石类形成的水动力机制为基础,以形态特征为主导,较适宜于中国洞穴应用的分类方案,共有重力水沉积、非重力水沉积、协同沉积、叠置沉积和异因同形沉积五大类,列出和讨论了在国内洞穴中已被发现分属于各类的60多种个体形态名称及其部分特征。 相似文献
9.
岩溶洞穴中钟乳石类沉积物色泽变化的成因浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在溶洞开发利用过程中发现,一些原为晶莹洁白的洞内钟乳石类沉积物逐渐变得色泽暗淡发红或产生其它颜色,失去了原有的亮丽色泽。笔者认为产生这种现象的主要原因是由于洞穴开放程度增高或当地气候等环境条件发生较大变化,增强了洞内空气与洞外大气的循环交替,洞内空气中氧含量增大,造成渗入洞中水氧化还原条件发生较大变化,致使铁、锰等金属化合物在钟乳石类沉积物中沉积所致。此外,泥质、有机质以及其它金属矿物等在钟乳石类沉积物表面的沉积或附着,也是促使颜色变化的另一原因。 相似文献
10.
通过对贵州荔波凉风洞5个滴水点进行为期1年的动态监测,表明除大气降雨携带的较少物质成份外,凉风洞滴水中的物质主要来源于土壤,同时,示踪结果显示出凉风洞滴水对大气降雨的响应较快,滴水的物质组成直接源自于洞穴环境。洞穴滴水的化学组成中元素含量的变化主要由水运移过程中水-土、水-岩作用导致的方解石溶解-沉淀过程所控制,稀释作用、水来源的差异或者活塞流产生了一定的效果,但其影响较弱,表明凉风洞滴水点的次生沉积物可能记录了环境变化信息。但水在洞穴顶板内运移过程中发生的水文地球化学过程(岩石的溶解、方解石沉淀作用过程)以及洞穴滴水响应大气降雨的时间尺度、水动力过程、水流形式等因素,影响到凉风洞洞穴次生沉积物过去环境记录指标。因此,岩溶次生沉积物过去环境变化指标的解译应该有洞穴滴水水动力地球化学过程的结果作为支撑。这些过程的清晰化可以更好地为研究洞穴环境次生沉积记录的高分辨率、短时间尺度的过去变化提供依据。 相似文献
11.
以往的研究中一般认为石笋δ13C变化的影响因素复杂,但在大多数报道中地表植被仍被认为是影响石笋δ13C变化的主要因素之一.本文综合国内外已发表的模拟试验研究结果及川东北地区已发表和未发表的石笋δ18O-δ13C数据,特别是Heinrich事件中石笋δ18O-δ13C的表现,指出地表植被不一定是影响石笋δ13C变化的主要因素,洞穴水文(如地下水流速、滴水速率、水文化学,等等)的变化可以解释通常观察到的石笋δ13C变化.植被变化的效应可以叠加在洞穴水文变化的效应上.洞穴系统的水文变化复杂性可能是造成石笋δ13C变化呈现较复杂特征的主要原因. 相似文献
12.
Speleothems occurring in some caves of the carbonate Dinarides line all channel surfaces, and have been deposited from meteoric waters under phreatic conditions. Such phreatic speleothemic deposition modifies common experience (l) that meteoric phreatic conditions cause dissolutional widening of cave voids, and (2) that speleothems imply vadose conditions. The phreatic speleothems described here postdate an early polygenetic evolution of the cave voids, and predate the last, vadose stage. They were likely produced during the late/postglacial warming period, when dissolved carbonate was amply supplied, and when there was much water available for saturation of underground voids. Phreatic speleothems may be used as a tool for time correlation of internal deposits, both within one cave and within a karst region. They indicate an important stage in the history of the ground-water regime of an area. In general, phreatic speleothems help in better understanding of the development of subterranean voids and related karst/palaeokarst. 相似文献
13.
The suitability of speleothems for interpreting palaeoclimate is typically determined by using either the Hendy Test, overlapping analysis or long‐term cave environment monitoring. However, in many cases, these methods are not applicable, because a speleothem lacks clearly traceable layers for the Hendy Test, it is difficult to obtain an overlapping speleothem nearby, or long‐term cave monitoring is impractical. The authors propose a multiple cave deposit approach to assess the suitability of speleothems for palaeoclimate study. Speleothems collected from two sites within Raccoon Mountain Cave, Tennessee (USA) exhibit remarkable spatial variation (δ13C: ?10·3‰ to ?2·2‰) over a relatively short distance (ca 260 m). Drip water δ18O values exhibit a seasonal precipitation signal at Site 1 and an annual signal at Site 2. Combining field observations, water isotope analysis and trace‐element data, the authors propose that the speleothem formation at Site 1 and Site 2 tapped distinct sources of CO2: (i) CO2 derived from overlying soils for Site 1; and (ii) limestone dissolved inorganic carbon induced by ground water dissolution for Site 2. Using fresh cave deposits (modern speleothem) δ13C (100% C3 vegetation) as an analogue, a simple model was developed to estimate land surface vegetation for speleothems. The speleothem formation temperature estimated using fresh cave deposit δ18O values generally reflects the mean annual temperature in this region. This study indicates that spatial variations in carbon isotopes could be caused by different carbon sources dominating in different parts of the cave, which should be taken into consideration by researchers when using speleothem δ13C values to reconstruct temporal palaeo‐vegetation changes. This study demonstrates a practical sampling strategy for verifying suitability of speleothems for palaeo‐vegetation and palaeo‐temperature reconstructions by analysing multiple cave deposits, especially for cases in which the Hendy Test, parallel sampling and long‐term monitoring of cave environment are not feasible. 相似文献
14.
Chemical kinetics, speleothem growth and climate 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
WOLFGANG DREYBRODT 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1999,28(3):347-356
The morphology and stratigraphy of speleothems are controlled by parameters that depend on climate. These are the water supply rates feeding the speleothem, e.g. a stalagmite, the growth rates dependent on the chemical kinetics of calcite precipitation and the supersaturation of the solution from which calcite is precipitated. To elucidate the basic principles of speleothem growth, a physical-chemical model of calcite precipitation is used to estimate growth rates under various geologically relevant conditions. Furthermore, we present a model that allows the computation of the growth history of stalagmites, i.e. their morphology and stratigraphy under varying climatic conditions. This enables us to see how climatic signals are inscribed into stalagmites. Owing to the counter-balancing effects of some parameters, it is not possible to read climatic conditions backwards from the morphology and stratigraphy of a speleothem in a simple way, but a basic understanding of the growth of speleothems can be a helpful supporting tool in the interpretation of palaeoclimatic records. 相似文献
15.
通过对北京石花洞滴水地球化学一个水文年的观测,揭示了洞穴滴水水文地球化学季节变化与外界气候变化的关系,3个滴水点的滴率随降雨量的增加都有明显的变化,但不同滴水点滞后时间不同。滴水滴率、Mg2+和SO2-4含量的季节变化数据显示,雨季洞穴滴水主要来源于当季降水,但也存在岩层滞留水的混入。滴水中Mg/Ca比值存在明显季节变化,旱季较低而雨季较高,但在雨季初期出现较大的波动。分析洞穴上覆土壤和洞内裂隙土壤数据,认为雨季初期滴水中Mg/Ca比值的波动是由土壤中Mg2+的快速淋溶造成的,上覆土壤结构性质和组分变化均影响滴水地球化学特征。 相似文献
16.
岩溶洞穴滴水环境监测研究进展 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
通过对已有成果的疏理总结,前人的洞穴滴水环境监测研究取得了以下几个方面的主要认识:(1)滴水的氢氧同位素组成虽然基本反映了大气降水的同位素构成,但由于洞穴上覆岩层厚度及裂隙的差异等,导致滴水对降水时间响应不同,滴水氢氧同位素变化存在多样性。(2)滴水化学组成主要受到水—土—岩—气之间相互作用影响,其中的溶解无机碳同位素及有机酸等还受到上覆植被类型以及密度的影响。(3)洞穴物理环境条件是决定洞穴滴水—沉积物中氧碳稳定同位素能否达到平衡分馏的重要因素。(4)由于滴水化学组成指示气候环境变化仍存在多解性和不确定性,需要将洞穴监测研究从洞穴内部扩大到洞穴上覆土壤、植被等中间过程,建立立体监测体系。(5)目前的洞穴环境监测仍缺乏不同自然条件下的综合对比研究,有待今后开展和加强。 相似文献
17.
我国丰富的岩溶洞穴资源的开发，目前多处于供观赏形态的初期阶段，未赋予旅游地学内涵。将岩溶洞穴堆积研究与旅游地学相结合，不仅可恢复洞穴古水文状况，探究洞穴成因，具有科学研究价值；而且可以指导合理开发利用和科学保护这些地质遗迹，具有重大的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。 相似文献
18.
随着人们生活水平的不断提高，岩溶洞穴旅游活动日益频繁，使得对洞穴环境的综合研究以及洞穴旅游管理变得尤为重要。通过调研国内外岩溶洞穴旅游管理的现状，结合岩溶洞穴环境的研究成果，综合分析岩溶洞穴环境因子，如温度、相对湿度、洞穴CO2浓度等，对岩溶景观的影响，探讨溶洞环境的自净能力以及景观保护与修复措施等问题；针对目前岩溶洞穴旅游开发的有限空间与无序客流的矛盾，提出了合理调控洞穴旅游客流量，增强洞穴旅游景观资源保护意识，从地学、旅游、环境以及健康等角度评估和开发洞穴，使旅游活动对环境因子的影响限制在可控范围，实现洞穴旅游的可持续发展。 相似文献
19.
The possibility of inferring paleoseismicity from paleomagnetic dating of speleothems, western Japan 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hayao Morinaga Takafumi Yonezawa Yasuhisa Adachi Hiroo Inokuchi Hiroya Goto Katsumi Yaskawa 《Tectonophysics》1994,230(3-4):241-248
Paleomagnetic dating of continuously growing stalagmites by comparing their paleomagnetic records with a standard record, has been applied to study the paleoseismic history of a region of western Japan. Three stalagmites (speleothems), which are assumed to have started growing since collapse of the limestone blocks on which they are formed, were collected from two limestone caves located below the Akiyoshi plateau, western Japan. From the paleomagnetic results, it is estimated that they began to grow at 6000, 2500 and 2000 yr B.P., respectively. On the assumption that their growth began immediately after their host limestone blocks fell, these three ages are interpreted to indicate the dates of past earthquakes in this region which triggered the break-off and fall of the blocks. Earthquakes are suggested because many huge collapsed limestone blocks and speleothems are observed in many caves in this region. 相似文献
20.
北京市房山区中西部约有 90 0km2 覆盖着碳酸盐岩 ,岩溶景观发育 ,可以划分出“十渡岩溶峡谷风景区”、“石经山—上方山佛教名胜区”、“周口店古人类社会风情名胜区”、“石花洞—银狐洞岩溶洞穴风景区”、“圣米石塘—万顷园岩溶峡谷风景区”5个景区。以这 5个景区为基础 ,提出建立“北京岩溶国家公园”的构思。建园要与保护环境、发展山区、治理地质灾害同步进行。 相似文献