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1.
盆地卤水化学成分的一级控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
世界范围内许多沉积盆地地下卤水的矿化度变化范围超过４个数量级，主要受大气水，海水和地表蒸发卤水与来自地下蒸发岩脱水和溶解的流体相混合的物理作用所控制，尽管在任意给定矿化度下地下卤水中的主要离子含量相关１０倍以上，但随着矿化度的增加，水中的Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋和Ｃａ＾２＋普遍系统地增加而ＰＨ值和ＨＣＯ＾－３系统地减小却支持了这样的假设，即接近由硅酸盐－碳酸盐士（卤化物）矿物组合控制的热力学缓 相似文献
2.
对江汉盆地Ｔ油田主要的工业储层－下第三系新光沟嘴组沉积岩石的成岩流体进行了热力学研究。实测的成岩矿物流体包裹体的均一温度为１１０－１３９℃，属于该区中成岩阶段的温度范围（６７－１５５℃）。成岩流体的压力为１０．２－５６ＭＰａ。成岩流体中阳离子的活度出现Ｃａ＾２＋＞Ｍｇ＾２＋＞Ｎａ＾＋＞Ｋ＾＋＞Ｆｅ＾３＋＞Ｆｅ＾２＋；阴离子的活离出现ＨＣＯ３＾－＞ＳＯ４＾２－＞Ｆ＾－＞Ｃｌ＾－＞ＣＯ３＾２－；气相成 相似文献
3.
四川盆地西部富钾富矿卤水的发现及其地球化学特征和意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
四川盆地西部新发现的富钾富矿卤水，其水文地化学特征与海水迥然不同，钾含量异常高，构成世界见的液态钾矿资源，Ｂ＾３＋、Ｉ＾－，Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｌｉ＾＋，Ｒｂ＾＋、Ｂｒ＾－等有用组分也远远超出综合利用和单独开采工业品位，为优质化工原料水。钾富矿卤水为沉积变质和钾矿溶滤复合成因。 相似文献
4.
新疆巴里坤盐湖是一个常年性固、液并存的硫酸盐型盐湖。盐湖卤水中含Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｃｌ－、ＳＯ２－４、ＨＣＯ－３、ＣＯ２－３等主要成分，沉积物中有芒硝、无水芒硝、石膏、水钙芒硝、半水石膏、石盐等盐类矿物及碳酸盐和泥质矿物。盐湖中有大量卤虫及卤虫卵自湖中心向湖岸呈环带状分布，在成盐过程中起着重要作用。盐湖形成于第三纪，第四纪以来，曾经历２次成岩期，约自１７ｋａＢ．Ｐ．湖水多次蒸发浓缩，成岩作用加强，形成芒硝等矿产 相似文献
5.
大柴达木盐湖硼同位素地球化学研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以测定Ｃｓ２ＢＯ２＾＋离子的热电离质谱法，用ＶＧ－３５４型质谱计测定了大柴达木盐湖卤水及其外围水系的硼同位素组成。其卤水的δ＾１１Ｂ值为＋４．９６‰－＋９．１１‰，外围水系的δ＾１１Ｂ值为－３．８５％￣－４２．６８‰。同时也测定了其湖底沉积物，外围碳酸盐泉华和硼酸盐的硼同位素组成，它们的δ＾１１Ｂ值分别为－１７．７８‰￣＋２．５６‰、－３１．９７‰￣＋０．１７‰和－１１．８７‰￣－９．５９‰。这些 相似文献
6.
7.
胶东台上金矿成矿机制模拟实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
模拟实验研究表明，台上金矿床的成矿机制为：胶东群地层重熔形成滦家河花岗岩岩浆时，初始浆为几乎均匀的熔体相；随着结晶成岩作用的进行，由于局部岩浆结晶分异作用，产生富Ｋ＾＋，Ｎａ＾２＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＾＋，Ｆ＾－，Ｃｌ＾－，Ｓ＾２＾－，ＣＯ３＾２＾－及挥发份ＣＯ２，ＣＯ，Ｈ２Ｏ等的流体相，并不断从已结晶矿物及残熔体中，以［Ａｕ（ＨＳ）２］＾－，［Ａｕ（ＨＳ）Ｓ］＾２＾－，ＡｕＣｌ４］＾－等络 相似文献
8.
内蒙古合同察汁淖碱湖成碱过程中的生物地球化学作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文介绍了内蒙古合同察汁淖碱湖的自然环境，地质演变过程和碱湖卤水的形成演化机理。指出补给碱湖的初淡不中２（Ｃａ＾２＋Ｍｇ＾２＋）／ＨＣＯ＾－３的摩尔比值接近于１（０．９６），不利于向碱性卤水的演化。 相似文献
9.
东川式铜矿地球化学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
东川式铜矿赋矿围岩落雪组白云岩的常量元素投影点在Ａｌ２Ｏ３──ＳｉＯ２──（ＣａＯ＋ＭｇＯ）图解、ｌｇ（ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３）──ｌｇ［（ＣａＯ＋ＮａＯ）／Ｋ２Ｏ］图解和（ａｌ─ａｌｋ）──Ｃ图解上有一些非正常沉积的特点，并与红海现代热水化学沉积物有相似的特征。黄铜矿Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ值及落雪组白云岩微量元素在Ｃｏ＋Ｎｉ─Ａｓ＋Ｃｕ＋Ｍｏ＋ｐｂ＋Ｖ＋Ｚｎ图解上也反映出热水沉积特征。稀土元素研究成果表明落雪组是热水沉积与正常沉积相混合的产物。包裹体研究后认为成矿热水属Ｎａ＋（Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋）─ＨＣＯ－３─Ｃｌ－型，并含ＣＯ、Ｈ２Ｏ（气）、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４等气相组分，成矿温度１１０─２１４℃，成矿深度３─１５０ｍ。硫、碳、氧和氢的同位素反映了这四种组分多来自海水，成矿热水主要是下渗对流循环而受加热的海水及部分建造水。结合地质研究成果，本文提出“热水微裂隙喷溢沉积成矿”的新认识，即海水下渗，受裂谷高热流加热，萃取流经围岩中的硅质及矿质在还原环境中，沿落雪期尚未彻底固结沉积物中的微裂隙间断式喷溢沉积成矿。 相似文献
10.
本文通过钢铁工业废水淋溶钢铁工业渗漏区土壤，不同ｐＨ值，不同含Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｆ＾－浓度与放心水与工业淋溶各种土壤，以及电厂冲灰水淋溶粉煤灰的三种试验，讨论废水中Ｃ６Ｈ５ＯＨ、ＣＮ＾－ＡＳ、Ｃｒ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｈ２Ｓ，ＢＯＤ，ＣＯＤ，Ｆ＾－，Ｃｌ＾－，ＳＯ＾２－Ｒ，ＮＯ＾－３，ＮＨ＾＋４，Ｎａ＾＋和硬度等的污染与自净规律，并提出了防治地下水污染的措施。 相似文献
11.
It has been proposed that brines in Phanerozoic sedimentary basins inherited their chemistries and salinities from evaporated paleoseawaters during times when the world oceans were Ca-rich and SO4-poor, such as the Silurian and Devonian. However, the compositions of typical Silurian and Devonian-hosted brines in the Illinois and Michigan basins show significant deviations from calculated Silurian seawater evaporation trends, reflecting instead, diagenetic control of compositions. In addition, brines in many basins show evidence for the dissolution of halite being an important source of salinity in addition to, or instead of, evaporated seawater. As long as there is halite present, generation of salinity could continue to occur long after the deposition of evaporites and the influx of evaporated seawater. Thus, even the concept of assigning an age to a basinal brine is problematic given the dynamics of fluid flow, mixing, and solute transport which can occur in sedimentary sequences. 相似文献
12.
The behavior of lithium and its isotopes in oilfield brines: evidence from the Heletz-Kokhav field, Israel 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Twenty-four brine samples from the Heletz-Kokhav oilfield, Israel, have been analyzed for chemical composition and Li isotope ratios. The chemical composition of the brines, together with geological evidence, suggests derivation from (Messinian) seawater by evaporation that proceeded well into the gypsum stability field but failed to reach the stage of halite crystallization. The present salinity of the samples (18-47 g Cl/L) was achieved by dilution of the original evaporitic brine by local fresh waters. Like brines from other sedimentary basins, the Li/Cl ratios in the Heletz-Kokhav samples show a prominent Li enrichment (five-fold to eight-fold) relative to modern seawater. The isotopic ratios of Li, expressed in the δ 6Li notation, vary from −26.3 to −17.9‰, all values being significantly higher than that of modern seawater (−32‰) irrespective of their corresponding Li concentration (1.0-2.3 mg/L). The isotopic composition of Li and the Li/Cl ratio in the oilfield brines were acquired in two stages: (a) The original evaporated seawater gained isotopically light Li during the diagenetic interaction between the interstitial Messinian brine and the basin sediments. A parent brine with an elevated Li/Cl ratio was formed. The brine was later diluted in the oilfields. (b) The δ 6Li values of the final brines were determined during epigenetic interaction with the Heletz-Kokhav aquifer rocks. At the same time, the Li/Cl ratio inherited from stage (a) remained largely unchanged. This work represents the first use of lithium isotopic composition to elucidate the origin and evolution of formation waters in sedimentary basins. 相似文献
13.
柴达木黑北凹地深部砂砾石层内的承压水是近期在柴达木西部新发现的规模巨大的孔隙卤水,水位埋深8~24 m,接近地表;富水性中等偏强;矿化度较高,KCl含量达到可开发利用的要求,井采时不易结盐,可作为后续开发钾盐的备选区域.离子统计分析结果显示,TDS、Cl-、Na+、Cs+、B2O3、Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr+、NO3-、Rb+在卤水中的浓度变化幅度小,分布较均匀;SO42-的变化幅度大,分布极不均匀;Br-、I-、Li+、K+变化幅度和均匀程度介于二者之间;Na+、Cl-、Ca2+、Sr2+、TDS呈正态负偏高峰态,K+、SO42-、Li+呈非正态正偏高峰态.成分聚类分析图中,K+、SO42-、Li+首先聚为一亚类,Cl-、TDS、Na+聚为一亚类.从离子含量变化曲线图中可以看到,该孔隙卤水从东至西,Na+、Cl-含量和变化趋势相同,且它们与TDS、B2O3的变化趋势相同.K+、SO42-、Mg2+三种组分含量较一致,变化趋势相同,且同时与Li+的变化趋势相同.孔隙卤水钠氯系数CNa/CCl值为0.85~0.96,溴氯系数为0.01~0.34,与盐岩溶滤卤水接近.在Na+、K+、Mg2+//Cl--H2O四元体系和Na+、K+、Mg2+//Cl-、SO42--H2O五元体系25 ℃介稳相图中反映出2种析盐规律,一种为硫酸镁亚型,另一种是氯化物型.其形成可能与化学沉积层中高矿化度晶间卤水与砂砾石层中原始孔隙(淡)水相互作用有关. 相似文献
14.
In natural resource exploration, Ca–Cl basinal brines are important for understanding the origin and spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbons and sedimentary ore deposits. Little attention has been paid to the possible connection between fossil basinal brines and paleo-seawaters and to the implications for reconstructing paleo-seawater compositions. Secular variations of Ca/Mg and Ca/Sr ratios in seawater have been documented mainly using fluid inclusions in halite, calcareous fossils and mineral analyses. However, brines and other sedimentary records connected to paleo-seawater or its evaporated residues may be chemically affected by burial diagenesis or the effects of continental waters of meteoric origin, thus complicating interpretations of the analytical results. To investigate these effects on fluids and minerals related to the Messinian salinity crisis of the Mediterranean basin, we re-evaluate published data from: (1) brackish-to-brine waters from onshore (Northern Apennine foredeep; Levantine basin) and offshore (porewaters from the Deep Sea Drilling Project); (2) Messinian parental seawater deduced from calcareous fossils, fluid inclusions and sulfate minerals; (3) meteoric waters dissolving evaporites. The compositional trends related to seawater evaporation, diagenesis and mixing that affect the Ca/Mg and Ca/Sr molar ratios of the basinal brines are effectively discriminated on a binary plot depicting the proper fields for seawater and meteoric-derived fluids. Brines showing stronger dolomitization start from Ca/Mg and Ca/Sr molar ratios of Messinian seawater deduced from the published analysis of fluid inclusions and open ocean fossils, that are therefore here validated ex post. 相似文献
15.
本文将龙女寺储卤构造深层地下卤水与不同浓缩阶段的黄海水两者的化学组分进行比较,以及对不同储卤层卤水之间的化学组分进行比较,结果表明该储卤构造地下卤水以高矿化度和富含Br,I,Sr,Ba等元素为特征,可分为两种类型,即碎屑岩储卤层的Cl NaCa型卤水和碳酸盐岩储卤层的Cl Na型卤水。前者来源于以陆相为主的同生沉积水,泥岩和页岩的隔膜渗滤作用可能对卤水化学组分的富集有着重要的影响;而后者则来源于海相同生沉积残余卤水,其化学组分主要受蒸发岩沉积的控制 相似文献
16.
沉积盆地深层地下卤水资源量评价之若干探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沉积盆地深层地下卤水(包括富钾卤水)处于深埋封闭和无补给状态; 卤水具有很高的测压水头, 天然条件下处于停滞状态, 不同储卤构造之间无水力联系; 具有多个平行叠置的储卤层, 不同储卤层之间无水力联系; 储卤层空隙性和渗透性差, 卤水主要富集于背斜、裂隙带和断层裂隙带; 卤水水化学和物理特性在短期内比较稳定; 卤水储存资源量较大, 在开采条件下卤水资源逐渐减少趋于衰竭。本文在分析总结沉积盆地深层地下卤水资源量评价的现状和卤水特征的基础上, 讨论和阐明深层地下卤水资源评价中的若干问题, 包括深层卤水资源量的类型和评价方法的选取、储卤层计算范围和边界的概化处理、渗透性分区和卤水密度影响的处理、测压水头的换算、钻井预测水头降深的确定等, 目的在于提高深层地下卤水资源量评价计算的精度。 相似文献
17.
Lynton S. Land 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1995,1(2):137-145
Most sedimentary basins contain saline pore water. Saline formation waters can form during burial diagenesis as the result of normal processes of water/rock interaction involving incongruent halite dissolution, bittern salt destruction, and albitization of detrital plagioclase. The kinds of Na-Ca-Cl saline formation waters typical of sedimentary basins can also result from modification of surficial brines formed by the precipitation of NaCl from evaporated seawater. As the porosity of rocks is reduced during burial, discharge of saline formation waters contributes to crustal chloride cycling, and helps explain riverine chloride loads. During burial, the dissolution of metastable detrital minerals derived from crustal rocks in corrosive, saline water transfers incompatible elements such as Li and B from the igneous crust to the sedimentary crust. Similarly, albitization transfers Ca from the crustal silicate (igneous) mineral reservoir to the crustal carbonate and aqueous (sedimentary) reservoirs. Metamorphism and then melting of albite-enriched rocks accounts for the elevated sodium contents of igneous rocks relative to sedimentary rocks. In this way average sediments have become enriched through time in Ca, Cl, Br, S, Li, and B, and depleted in Na relative to average igneous crust. 相似文献
18.
During the Cenozoic numerous shallow epicontinental evaporite basins formed due to tectonic movements in the Northern Province of the Central Iran Tectonic Zone (the Great Kavir Basin). During the Miocene, due to sea‐level fluctuations, thick sequences of evaporites and carbonates accumulated in these basins that subsequently were overlain by continental red beds. Development of halite evaporites with substantial thickness in this area implies inflow of seawater along the narrow continental rift axis. The early ocean basin development was initiated in Early Eocene time and continued up to the Middle Miocene in the isolated failed rift arms. Competition between marine and non‐marine environments, at the edge of the encroaching sea, produced several sequences of both abrupt and gradual transition from continental wadi sediments to marginal marine evaporites in the studied area. These evaporites show well‐preserved textures indicative of relatively shallow‐brine pools. The high Br content of these evaporites indicates marine‐derived parent brines that were under the sporadic influence of freshening by meteoric water or replenishing seawater. However, the association of hopper and cornet textures denotes stratified brine that filled a relatively large pool and prevented rapid variations in the Br profile. Unstable basin conditions that triggered modification of parent brine chemistry prevailed in this basin and caused variable distribution patterns for different elements in the chloride units. The presence of sylvite and the absence of Mg‐sulphate/chlorides in the paragenetic sequence indicate SO4−depleted parent brine in the studied sequence. Petrographic examinations along with geochemical analyses on these potash‐bearing halites reveal parental brines which were a mixture of seawater and CaCl2‐rich brines. The source of CaCl2‐rich brines is ascribed to the presence of local rift systems in the Great Kavir Basin up to the end of the Early Miocene. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Central Andes in Bolivia and northern Chile contain numerous internal drainage basins occupied by saline lakes and salt crusts (salars). Salts in inflow waters stem from two origins: alteration of volcanic rocks, which produces dilute waters, and brine recycling, which leads to brackish waters. Chilean alteration waters are three times more concentrated in average than Bolivian waters, which is related to a higher sulfur content in Chilean volcanoes. Brackish inflows stem from brines which leak out from present salars and mix with dilute groundwater. Most of the incoming salts are recycled salts. The cycling process is likely to have begun when ancient salars were buried by volcanic eruptions. Three major brine groups are found in Andean salars: alkaline, sulfate-rich, and calcium-rich brines. Evaporation modeling of inflows shows good agreement between predicted and observed brines in Chile. Alkaline salars are completely lacking in Chile, which is accounted for by higher sulfate and lower alkalinity of inflow waters, in turn related to the suspected higher sulfur content in Chilean volcanic rocks. Six Bolivian salars are alkaline, a lower number than that predicted by evaporative modeling. Deposition on the drainage basin of eolian sulfur eroded from native deposits shifts the initial alkaline evolution to sulfate brines. The occurrence of calcium-rich brines in Andean salars is not compatible with volcanic drainage basins, which can only produce alkaline or sulfate-rich weathering waters. The discrepancy is likely due to recycled calcic brines from ancient salars in sedimentary basins, now buried below volcanic formations. Calcic salars are not in equilibrium with their volcanic environment and may slowly change with time to sulfate-rich salars. 相似文献
20.
Formation water samples from deep drillings in southern Israel fall into three regional groups, each of which shows distinct chemical and isotopic characteristics. Waters from the Mediterranean coastal plain appear to be of marine lagoonal origin; some of these brines are associated with occurrences of oil. In the mountain region the top part of the sedimentary sequence has been flushed by fresher waters, apparently during Pleistocene time. In Jurassic and deeper-lying formations one encounters concentrated brines of seawater origin, with low Na/Ca ratios, which have undergone a process of ultrafiltration. In the Rift Valley proper, magnesium-rich brines have invaded the deeper formations, and are evidently of continental lake origin.The absence of oil occurrences in association with the CaCl2 brines of the inland locations is interpreted as being due mainly to loss of oil as a result of the tectonic events associated with the formation of the Jordan Rift Valley. 相似文献