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1.
Shehong LI Baoshan ZHENG Jianming ZHU Xiaoying YU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):43-44
Uranium and Th are important radioactive elements. Most studies were focused on their environmental impact from uranium deposits and mining sites. But other sorts of mines such as rare metals mines are associated highly with uranium and thorium, too. In China, the Irtysh River is the only river that runs into the Arctic Ocean. The famous Koktokay rare metal pegmatite deposit is located in the headwater region of this river and has been exploited for several decades. The waste ore piled along the riverside as long as several kilometers. The wastewater flom the concentrating plant is discharged into the river directly. In addition, uranium and thorium can be leached from the waste ore into the river in the weathering process. So it is necessary to study the uranium and thorium distribution in the branch and trunk streams of the Irtysh River and the wastewater from the mining site impact on it. In this study, the contents of uranium and thorium in water samples from the Irtysh River and rare metal mine wastewater have been detected directly with ICP-MS. Uranium and thorium distribution and geochemical behaviors in the Irtysh River basin have been studied. The environmental uranium and thorium pollution status in the Irtysh River and wastewater from a rare metal mine impact on it have also been evaluated. The study shows that uranium and thorium contents in wastewater from a rare metal mine are as high as 78.311 μg/L and 0.627 μg/L, respectively, so we should also pay attention to the radioactive pollution from the rare metal mine. The average contents of U and Th in the branch streams of the Irtysh River are 0.572 μg/L and 0.015 μg/L, respectively. At the mean time, in the trunk of the Irtysh River, average thorium content is 0.019 μg/L while U is up to 2.234 μg/L, much higher than the average content （0.0309 μg/L） of the world rivers. From upstream to downstream in the trunk of the Irtysh River, thorium content declines gradually due to dilution by other branches and deposition itself. 相似文献
2.
The Huangshui River,an important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,has been regarded as a mother river which gestates Qinghai civilization in China.This paper presents the results of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic and water chemical analyses for the summer and winter Huangshui River water to study its seasonal recharge and major dissolved solutes.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that precipitation in the Qilian Mountains is the original recharge of the Huangshui River.However,in winter,the basic flow of the Huangshui River only depends on spring recharge and spring water originates from melt and infiltration of bottom layer glaciers.In summer,besides spring water,much rainfall directly recharges the Huangshui River,thus making its flux increase greatly.Water chemistry shows that the processes affecting dissolved solutes in the Huangshui River are also different between summer and winter.In summer,major ions in the river water are dominantly derived from carbonate and evaporate dissolution and anthropogenic inputs.In winter,carbonate dissolution decreases greatly while anthropogenic inputs play a much more important role for dissolved solutes in the river.Hence,further measures should be taken to lay stress on the winter Huangshui River water in order to protect the environment of the Huangshui River and reduce effects of dissolved solutes on,or prevent their pollution toward the upper Yellow River.Moreover,some measures also need to be introduced to prevent the possibility of water eutrophication caused by agricultural activities or stock raising in summer. 相似文献
3.
The Yalong River is an important river that runs across the abruptly changing terrain of the SE Tibetan Plateau. The terraces and Quaternary sediments in its valleys preserve the information of tectonic uplift,climate changes,and landform evolution since the Middle Pleistocene. Based on geomorphological,sedimentological,and chronological investigations,6–8 terraces are identified in the lower reaches of Yalong catchment and its tributary—the Anning River. The electron spin resonance(ESR) or optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) data on the alluvial sediments in the upper portion of terraces indicate that they formed in 1.10,0.90,0.72,0.06–0.04,0.03–0.02,and 0.01 Ma. Tectonic uplift and the climatic cycle controlled the formation of the Yalong River terraces. The former dominated the dissection depths and incision rates,whereas the latter controlled the transformation between accumulation,which developed during the glacial period,and incision,which developed during the glacial-interglacial transition. The Yalong downstream incised rapidly from 1.10 to 0.72 Ma and rapidly from 0.06 Ma until the present; the terraces developed during these two periods. The incision rates in space during the two periods indicate the uplifting extent of the Jinpingshan area,which decreases toward the east and the south. The results reveal two rapidly uplifting stages in the SE Tibetan Plateau,including an accelerated uplifting since 0.06 Ma. Since the Middle Pleistocene,the tectonic uplift of the SE and NE parts of the Tibetan Plateau is synchronous,according to the same development stages of the river terraces of the Yalong downstream and the Yellow River in the Lanzhou area of the NE Tibetan Plateau. The difference in the horizontal displacement between the Xianshuihe Fault and the Anninghe Fault bend resulted in the rapid uplift of the Jinpingshan area. The incision rate for the spatial distribution of the Yalong downstream is the geomorphological response of crustal shortening and uplift differences in the SE margin block of the Tibetan Plateau. The southeastward diffusion process of the Tibetan Plateau was recorded. 相似文献
4.
This paper mainly analyzed the isotopic effect of precipitation in the Yarlung Zangbo River.On the whole,the isotopic compositions of most water samples fall on the upper right of the global meteoric water line.According to δD and δ18O data of the samples,the precipitation equation is figured out as δD=8 δ18O+10,showing that they are derived from precipitation but have experienced intensive evaporation.With obvious region-continental effect(a continuous depletion in heavy isotopes in water bodies occurs with increasing distance from the coast),the water presents a reducing trend of δD and δ18O westwards and southwards.Altitudinal effect is evident here,occur-ring in both trunk stream and main branches of the Yarlung Zangbo River.The distribution of water isotopic compo-sitions is concerned with the movement of precipitation clouds from the Bay of Bengal and the Nujiang River and is affected by the topographic and climatic conditions of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
5.
Snow is an important part of the cryosphere and plays an important role in the hydrological cycle and energy balance. Study of the spatiotemporal characteristics of snow cover and its change is the prerequisite for analyzing the formation,distribution and variation of runoff from mountains in inland river basins. In this study,we selected the upper reaches of the Taolai River basin of Qilian Mountains as the study area,used down⁃ scaling methods to obtain high-resolution snow depth data,and adopted methods of spatial statistics,sensitivity analysis and contribution separations to quantify snow cover distribution and variation influenced by terrain and the regional climate during the time period from 2002 to 2018. Results showed that basin early average snow depth ranged from 0 cm to 2. 5 cm,with variation from -0. 19 cm·a-1 to 0. 06 cm·a-1. The area of snow depth re⁃ duction during the study period accounted for 68. 30% of the total area. It was found that the snow depth increase more with altitude and less with the increase of slope. Variation of snow depth increased below 2 500 m a. s. l. and decreased above 2 500 m a. s. l. As the slope increases,it first increases and then decreases;the snow depth of each aspect decreases,especially in the northwest orientation. The sensitivity of snow depth to air tempera⁃ ture and solar radiation were found negative in general,while that of the precipitation was found positive. The precipitation in high-altitude areas has a relatively large contribution to the snow depth variation,while in the val⁃ ley areas,the contribution of temperature to snow cover is more significant. This work provides an example for the study of snow dynamics in the upper reaches of inland river watersheds,and benefits model simulation and prediction of mountain runoff and regional water management. © 2023 The Author(s). 相似文献
6.
SUN Yangui CHEN Zhengxing LIU Yong''an WANG TongqingQinghai Regional Survey Comprehensive Geological Party Nanchuan West Ro Xining Qinghai Province ZHANG Zhiyong Qinghai Institute of Geological Mineral Exploration Xining Qinghai 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):223-228
As the main part of the "central mountain system" in the continent of China, the Qinling, Qilian and Kunlun orogenic belts have been comprehensively and deeply studied since the 1970s and rich fruits have been reaped. However, these achievements were mostly confined to an individual orogenic belt and the study of the mutual relationship among the three orogenic belts was obliged to depend on comparative studies. Different views were produced therefrom. The material composition and structural features of the junction region show that there are several epicontinental and intracontinental transform faults developed in different periods. Restricted by these transform faults, the large-scale lateral movements and, as a consequence, complicated magrnatism and tectonic deformation took place in the orogenic belts. According to these features, the authors put forward a three-stage junction and evolution model and point out that there is not a single junction zone traversing from west to east but that the three 相似文献
7.
Temporo-Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Ore Deposits in the West Sector of the Northern Qilian Mountains 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
MAO Jingwen ZHANG Xiaoyu ZHANG Zhaochong REN Fengshou ZUO Guochao ZHANG Zuoheng YANG Jianmin WANG Zhiliang YE Dejin 《《地质学报》英文版》1999,73(2):230-241
The west sector of the northern Qilian Mountains is well-known for the Jingtieshan-type iron deposits. A new breakthrough has been made in prospecting for gold and copper in recent years. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of ore deposits in the study area are discussed from the viewpoint of tectonic evolution. It is suggested that there are 9 stages of mineralization from the Palaeoproterozoic to Indosinian. Four minerogenetic series and two minerogenetic subseries of ore deposits are recognized. Iron mineralization occurred in several stages, while most of the metals were accumulated in large amounts in the Caledonian. The enrichment and mineralization of gold is related to large-scale shear-strike-slip faults and the ascent and unloading of deep-seated fluids. 相似文献
8.
Isotope Method for Confined Groundwater Recharge of the Lower Reaches of the Heihe River, Inner Mongolia, China 
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下载免费PDF全文 CHEN Jiansheng ZHAO Xia FAN Zhechao WANG Jiyang 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(4):668-673
Environmental isotopes have been applied to analyze confined groundwater recharge in the lower reaches of the Heihe River,Inner Mongolia.CFC is regarded as a tracer that determines the date of groundwater,the date being less than 45 a.The confined groundwater within the Gurinai area and Ejin Basin other than the surface water of Heihe River might have originated from precipitation from Qilian Mountain or/and the Tibetan Plateau.The deep confined groundwater overflows into an upper aquifer and emerges into the ground,forming springs and lakes within the low-lying area.The recharge volume is estimated to be around 400 million-cubic meters. 相似文献
9.
The section is drawn in the western part of Kansu province (Fig.1.A-B).The mountainous region on the left hand of Huangho is the east endof the Nanshan or Chihlienshan mountain range which is divided here into twomain branches;those are the Maomaoshan on the north and the Tienmashan onthe south.The section was taken almost in S-N direction starting from the 相似文献
10.
Geology, Geochemistry and Minerogenesis of the Shijuligou Zinc–Copper Deposit in Gansu, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LI Wenyuan DENG Jun GAO Yongbao GUO Zhouping ZHANG Zhaowei SONG Zhongbao 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(6):1052-1063
Abstract: The Shijuligou deposit was separated by an arcuate ductile shear zone cross the center of the deposit region, resulting in the difference between the southern and northern ore bodies. The lead (Pb) isotopic data of ores of the Shijuligou copper deposit have averages of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb in 17.634, 15.444, and 37.312, respectively. It has been shown that ore-forming metals originated from intrusive and extrusive rocks in the upper part of ophiolites. The sulfur isotopic data of pyrite and chalcopyrite in the northern part change from +7.61‰ to +8.09‰ and +4.95‰ to +8.88‰ in the southern part. Isotopes of δ18O in the Shijuligou copper deposit are between +11.1‰ and +18.6‰, with the calculated δ18OH2O at +0.65‰. It is suggested that the mineralized fluid is a mixture of magma fluid, meteorological water, and seawater through circulating and leaching metals from the volcanic rocks. The zircon uranium-lead (U–Pb) dating of gabbro is 457.9±1.2 Ma, and the lower crossing age of the discordant and concordia curves of pyroxene spilite of zircon is 454±15 Ma. It is indicated that the Shijuligou deposit formed in a new ocean crust (ophiolite) of the back-arc basin in the late Ordovician. Mineralization should occur in the intermittence period after strong volcanic activity, and the age should be the late Ordovician. Moreover, the mineralization of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the ancient orogenic belt of the late Ordovician in the northern Qilian Mountains was controlled by the primary fault/fracture, with the forming of a metallogenic hydrothermal system by a mixture of volcanic magma fluid and seawater, which circularly leached the metallogenic metals from the volcanic rocks, resulting in their accumulation. The ore bodies were transformed with morphology and metallogenic elements. Jasperoid is an important sign for prospecting such deposits. There were many island arcs in the continent of China. This study provides evidence for understanding and exploration of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in western China, especially in the area of northern Qilian Mountains. 相似文献
11.
基于我国河西内陆河流域有关水文、气象台站的观测数据,对1960年代以来河西走廊的石羊河、黑河、疏勒河三大内陆河水系上游山区降水变化特征、趋势及区域时空变化差异进行了分析.结果表明：受全球变暖的影响,石羊河、黑河、疏勒河流域上游的降水量年代际、年际及季节性的变化总体上呈增加的态势,但不同区域降水增幅存在着一定的差异.其中,1960年代,位于祁连山东部的石羊河水系上游山区、中部的黑河水系上游山区及西部的疏勒河水系上游山区普遍少雨;1970年代,石羊河山区降水偏多并持续至今,黑河、疏勒河水系上游山区则降水偏少;1980年代,三大水系上游山区均多雨;1990年代的黑河、疏勒河山区和2000年代的三大水系上游山区均多雨;2010年以来,黑河山区降水偏少,石羊河与疏勒河山区降水均偏多.相对而言,位于祁连山西部山区的疏勒河水系上游年降水量与夏季降水量的增长较为显著. 相似文献
12.
Based on GIMMS NDVI data of Qilian Mountains region during 1982-2006, using the maximum synthesis, mean method, slope analysis and correlation analysis, the spatial and temporal changes of vegetation cover and its correlations with climatic factors were studied in Qilian Mountains. The results showed that: ①Vegetation NDVI of Qilian Mountains increases from west to east in general, showing the distribution pattern of much more vegetation in east regions than in west regions; ②Vegetation NDVI of Qilian Mountains has generally increased in the past twenty five years, but there are obvious spatial differences, especially vegetation NDVI of middle and east regions increase obviously; ③There have been obvious differences on spatial variation of seasonal NDVI in the past twenty five years in Qilian Mountains, and the increased area of vegetation NDVI is the largest in summer, followed by autumn, spring, but the most reduced area of vegetation NDVI is in winter. The regions of increased vegetation NDVI concentrate on southern mountain of Qinghai Province and in Buha River Basin, while the regions of reduced vegetation NDVI concentrate on Wushaoling, Lenglongling and Daban mountain in each season; ④The correlations between monthly average vegetation NDVI and temperature and precipitation are very significant, which indicates that temperature and precipitation are the main factors affecting the change of vegetation NDVI in Qilian Mountains, but intensive human activities are also important factors affecting the change of vegetation NDVI in some areas. 相似文献
13.
气候变化对河西内陆干旱区出山径流的影响 总被引：14，自引：7，他引：14
根据祁连山区与河西走廊平原区有关水文气象台站的降水、气温和径流观测资料，分析了该区域近50a来气候变化的特征及其与全球气候变暖的关系。出山径流对气候变化的响应以及未来的变化趋势，结果表明，河西内陆干旱区的山区和走廊平原区近几十年来气温变化总的呈上升趋势，与全球增温存在着某种种度的一致性。但山区气温的变化幅度一般大于走廊平原区，其中祁连山中段温度升幅为最大。全球增温对河西内陆干旱区气候与出山径流的影响有着明显的地域性差异，受此影响影响，河西祁连山东部地区出山径流呈明显的下降趋势，中部地区出山径流的增加趋势不是十分明显，西部出山径流在山区降水量与气温同时上升的情况下，呈明显的上升趋势。 相似文献
14.
河西内陆河流域出山径流对气候转型的响应 总被引：39，自引：14，他引：25
对甘肃河西内陆河流域出山径流变化过程与趋势的研究表明,从20世纪80年代中后期开始,受西风环流降水的影响,祁连山区中、西部的黑河、疏勒河流域的气候环境发出了由增温变干转为变湿的讯号,具体表现为随着山区气温升高,降水量增加,出山径流相应增大.采用区域气候模式预测和水文统计模式的计算,亦同样证实出山径流有显著的增加趋势.但受季风影响的祁连山东部的石羊河流域则尚未出现这种转变,从20世纪50年代起,出山径流量持续下降,表明其气候环境仍向增温变干的方向发展. 相似文献
15.
气候变化对祁连山石羊河出山口径流的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据近50a来石羊河流域上游祁连山山区的气温、降水及出山径流观测数据,用遗传算法和自动寻优-人机对话法,建立了出山径流对于气温、降水变化的响应模型,并以该模型为基础,初步预测了石羊河流域上游山区未来气温、降水的变化趋势以及该气候情景下出山径流的相应变化.结果表明:未来数十年间,山区气温仍呈缓慢的上升趋势,山区降水变化总体趋势是下降的,但下降幅度不大.受山区气温、降水变化的影响,未来出山径流亦呈下降的趋势,下降幅度主要取决于山区降水减少的幅度. 相似文献
16.
由于全球显著变暖和水循环加快,使得中国西北主要是新疆地区于1987年气候发生突然变化,随着温度上升,降水量、冰川消融量和径流量连续多年增加,内陆湖泊水位显著上升,洪水灾害也迅猛增加,同时,植被有所改善,沙尘暴日数锐减,从而改变了19世纪末期至20世纪70年代的变暖变干趋势.以降水量增加超过蒸发量增加所导致的径流量增长及湖泊水位上升作为气候向暖湿转型的主要标准,西北地区目前的气候变化可分为3个区域,即1)显著转型区;2)轻度转型区;3)未转型区.作者初步认为,西北气候向暖湿转型可能是世纪性的,预期西北东部在21世纪上半期也会向暖湿转变,但预测有较大的不确定性. 相似文献
17.
为探讨河西地区内陆河径流对气候变化的响应, 选取1955-2008年石羊河、黑河和疏勒河的河流流量资料进行计算和分析. 结果表明: 50多年来, 石羊河年径流总体呈明显下降趋势, 黑河呈略有增加趋势, 疏勒河呈明显增加趋势, 地域上呈现愈往西部的河流年径流量增加愈明显. 三大河流进入1990年代后有下降趋势, 进入21世纪均有明显增多趋势. 三大河流径流对气候变化有不同响应, 石羊河流域主要受季风气候影响, 气候变暖, 蒸发加剧, 水分散失量大, 是造成径流减少的主要原因;黑河和疏勒河流域主要受西风带环流影响, 径流增多的重要原因是气候变暖降水明显增多. 为减缓气候变化对流域水资源利用的不利影响, 在分析三大内陆河流量对气候变化响应特征的基础上, 提出了适应性水资源管理的建议. 建议应提高水资源利用效率;改变生产方式, 调整农业种植业结构与布局;加大祁连山自然保护区建设, 搞好水资源可持续利用;积极开发祁连山丰富的空中云水资源、哺育祁连山冰川等流域适应性水资源管理对策, 对流域进行综合治理与开发利用, 这些措施和对策将为流域水资源开发提供科学依据. 相似文献
18.
北祁连-河西走廊志留系包括下志留统鹿角沟砾岩和肮脏沟组、中志留统泉脑沟山组和上志留统旱峡组，泥盆系包括中、下泥盆统老君山组和上泥盆统沙流水组。鹿角沟砾岩为水下冲积扇沉积，断续分布于北祁连西段。肮脏沟组在北祁连-河西走廊分布广泛，主要为半深海碎屑复理石沉积。泉脑沟山组和旱峡组分布于北祁连和河西走廊西段，前者以浅海相砂泥岩和泥灰岩为主，后者以滨海潮坪-浅海碎屑岩沉积为主。老君山组分布于古祁连山山前和山间盆地，为粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。沙流水组分布于河西走廊东段，为湖相沉积。区域古地理分析表明，北祁连-河西走廊志留纪-泥盆纪的古地理主要受北祁连加里东-早海西期不规则造山作用控制。鹿角沟砾岩标志着弧-陆碰撞最早发生于早志留世早期。早志留世北祁连-河西走廊由弧后残余盆地向前陆盆地转化。中、晚志留世北祁连东段剧烈造山并与阿拉善古陆的连接，前陆盆地限于北祁连-河西走廊西段。志留纪末期为北祁连的主造山期，泥盆纪形成高峻的古祁连山。早、中泥盆世形成山前和山间盆地的粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。晚泥盆世造山带西段造山作用剧烈，形成剥蚀区。东段造山作用微弱，山地被剥蚀，山前形成湖泊相的晚泥盆世沉积。 相似文献
19.
祁连山云和空中水汽资源的季节分布与演变 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
祁连山云和空中水汽资源具有明显的季节变化特征：总云量春季最多，夏季次之，低云量夏季最多，春季次之。近45年中的春季和夏季，总云量在减少，低云量在增加，对应降水也在增加；秋季三者都为减少趋势；冬季总云量和降水在增加，但低云却呈减少趋势。相关分析表明，总云和降水在夏季、秋季呈显著正相关，低云和降水在春季、夏季及秋季呈正相关；值得注意的是冬季低云和降水在祁连山的中东段呈负相关，但通不过信度检验。空中水汽主要沿两条路径输送到祁连山，平均状况下祁连山存在较强的水汽辐合，且东段辐合（-0.1～-0.05 kg/(m2·s）)强于中西段（-0.05～0 kg/(m2·s））。地中海、黑海、里海、咸海、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾是祁连山的水汽输送源地，但各个季节又有所不同。祁连山区域的水汽收支表明，春季净水汽通量在1979年以后一直为正且呈增加趋势，夏季整个区域基本上是个“水汽汇”，秋季和冬季则一直为负。分析认为祁连山春、夏两季空中云水资源具有较好的开发潜力。 相似文献
20.
准确定量计算降水中稳定同位素的垂直递减率对水文、古气候及古海拔高度重建等研究有重要意义.使用方差分析方法,分析了黑河流域上游祁连山区3个站点2007年10月至2008年9月降水中δ18O与海拔的关系.结果表明：由于青藏高原北缘气候特征受西风环流控制,水汽的主要运移路径与祁连山脉走向基本平行,导致降水过程中缺乏水汽沿海拔爬升的过程,以及存在广泛的水汽混合等因素的影响,使得在显著性水平α=0.05下,祁连山区海拔1600～3300 m之间降水中δ18O在年尺度和季节尺度上均没有表现出明显的高程效应,其年均值为-7.1‰.结果说明除水汽来源外,山脉走向与主要水汽运移轨迹之间的空间关系也是影响降水中稳定同位素特征的重要因素.最后,讨论了青藏高原降水δ18O垂直递减率的区域变化特征. 相似文献