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洮河流域土地利用/土地覆被变化及其驱动机制研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
系统收集和整理1970s后期至2000s洮河流域土地利用/土地覆被、水文气象和经济社会发展数据,采用综合利用指数、转移矩阵、动态度、相关性和主成分分析方法及多元线性回归方法,得到结果表明,过去30 a,洮河流域总体表现为林、草面积减少、耕地面积增加、土地开发利用程度进一步提升。驱动因子相关性及主成分分析表明,洮河流域LULCC受“区域经济+农耕因素+城镇化和气候”3个主成分大类的交互影响和驱动;基于此构建的LULCC多元回归驱动模式,在率定期和验证期精度良好,能够反映洮河流域经济社会发展及区域气候对LULCC的驱动和影响。 相似文献
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采用M-K检验、小波分析和Sen斜率等方法, 对1951-2010年60 a来洮河流域不同地理-生态区间水文气象要素变化的时空特征进行了综合研究.结果表明: 洮河流域水文气象要素呈现多种周期不同尺度的振荡特性, 气温、降水和径流的年代际变化周期以9~13 a和2~5 a最为常见.气温从1990年代中期开始明显上升, 突变的时间北部略早于南部, 西部明显迟于东部;除上游草原牧区外, 降水总体于1990年代初期开始减少;受降水变化影响, 流域河川径流量1990年代发生明显减少.过去60 a, 洮河流域气温以0.18 ℃·(10a)-1的速率增温;降水以0.03 mm·(10a)-1的速率减少;河川径流量以11.36 mm·(10a)-1的速率减小;近30 a来洮河流域以0.63 ℃·(10a)-1的速率增温, 降水以8.86 mm·(10a)-1的速率减少, 径流以21.00 mm·(10a)-1的速率减少.降水和径流变化在不同时期和不同生态-地理区间差异明显, 与区域气候和下垫面因素变化所致的流域能水通量过程的变异有关. 相似文献
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Snow is an important part of the cryosphere and plays an important role in the hydrological cycle and energy balance. Study of the spatiotemporal characteristics of snow cover and its change is the prerequisite for analyzing the formation,distribution and variation of runoff from mountains in inland river basins. In this study,we selected the upper reaches of the Taolai River basin of Qilian Mountains as the study area,used down⁃ scaling methods to obtain high-resolution snow depth data,and adopted methods of spatial statistics,sensitivity analysis and contribution separations to quantify snow cover distribution and variation influenced by terrain and the regional climate during the time period from 2002 to 2018. Results showed that basin early average snow depth ranged from 0 cm to 2. 5 cm,with variation from -0. 19 cm·a-1 to 0. 06 cm·a-1. The area of snow depth re⁃ duction during the study period accounted for 68. 30% of the total area. It was found that the snow depth increase more with altitude and less with the increase of slope. Variation of snow depth increased below 2 500 m a. s. l. and decreased above 2 500 m a. s. l. As the slope increases,it first increases and then decreases;the snow depth of each aspect decreases,especially in the northwest orientation. The sensitivity of snow depth to air tempera⁃ ture and solar radiation were found negative in general,while that of the precipitation was found positive. The precipitation in high-altitude areas has a relatively large contribution to the snow depth variation,while in the val⁃ ley areas,the contribution of temperature to snow cover is more significant. This work provides an example for the study of snow dynamics in the upper reaches of inland river watersheds,and benefits model simulation and prediction of mountain runoff and regional water management. © 2023 The Author(s). 相似文献
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