共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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本文介绍了山西省专题地图数据库项目的建设背景,重点阐述了数据库设计、数据库管理以及关键技术特点,以期进一步推进专题地图数据库的深层次应用。 相似文献
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由中国科学院、国家计委地理研究所研制的《专题地图色谱》于87年8月公开出版。 这本色谱根据色彩学理论、以色彩的数据化、标准化为目的,总结了国内外地图,尤其是专题地图的用色和制印特点,给出了极其丰富的颜色样品,为地图色彩设计、彩色 相似文献
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在庆祝我国专业冰川冻土研究机构成立三十周年之际,回顾和展望冰川测量与制图工作也是很有益的。测量与制图室是我所技术系统中最早筹建的一个以摄影测量为主的技术室,其主要方向是为冰川、冻土和泥石流研究测量和编绘各种比例尺的专题地图、观测和积累冰川运动、冰面升降和末端进退变化等有关定量资料,以及改进高山冰川区测量与制图的方法。 我国的冰川测绘工作,解放前,只有少数外国学者曾深入我国的喀喇昆仑山、喜马拉雅山和横断山等地区,对某些冰川作过零星、粗糙的考察测绘。解放后,除国家基本地图外,冰川的测绘工作始于1958年的祁连山冰川考察,但较全面系统的冰川测绘工 相似文献
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黑龙江省１：５０万比例尺数字地质图数据库的建立,能对地质、地理资料进行二次开发和及时更新,能灵活地按用户要求形成各种专题地图。本文通过实践总结了建立数据库的方法、工艺流程、质量标准等方面的经验及注意的问题,介绍了应用本数据库的方法。 相似文献
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以新疆焉耆盆地地下水埋深制图为例,分析了基于Google Earth(GE)的专题地图的制图原理与技术,提出了一套基于GE的地理专题图的制图技术流程,并讨论了其关键技术,指出了GE制图工具目前存在的两个缺陷,提出了相应的解决方法,并介绍了焉耆盆地地下水埋深GE制图结果和应用. 相似文献
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The susceptibility of slopes in open pit coal mines to various modes of failure (i.e., plane, wedge, circular and toppling failure) could be envisaged by virtue of processing and analysis of pertinent satellite data. The aim of the present study was to integrate thematic maps generated using remote sensing image processing techniques, in order to finally produce slope failure hazard zonation maps in and around Singrauli coalfield, India. The various failure-inducing factors, variables and parameters can be extracted from different satellite data and imageries. The data acquired by different sensors such as TM, ETM+, etc., of LANDSAT series and CARTOSAT of ISRO Bhuvan was used in this study. All these data were subsequently used to create different thematic maps such as slope map, lithological map, land use/land cover map, principal component analysis map, digital elevation model (DEM), etc. An advanced analysis for extraction of lineament attributes was also undertaken. 相似文献
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Landslides are one of the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both property and life every year, and therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) is necessary for planning future developmental activities. In this paper, apart from conventional weighting system, objective weight assignment procedures based on techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy set theory and combined neural and fuzzy set theory have been assessed for preparation of LSZ maps in a part of the Darjeeling Himalayas. Relevant thematic layers pertaining to the causative factors have been generated using remote sensing data, field surveys and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. In conventional weighting system, weights and ratings to the causative factors and their categories are assigned based on the experience and knowledge of experts about the subject and the study area to prepare the LSZ map (designated here as Map I). In the context of objective weight assignments, initially the ANN as the black box approach has been used to directly produce an LSZ map (Map II). In this approach, however, the weights assigned are hidden to the analyst. Next, the fuzzy set theory has then been implemented to determine the membership values for each category of the thematic layer using the cosine amplitude method (similarity method). These memberships are used as ratings for each category of the thematic layer. Assuming weights of each thematic layer as one (or constant), these ratings of the categories are used for the generation of another LSZ map (Map III). Subsequently, a novel weight assignment procedure based on ANN is implemented to assign the weights to each thematic layer objectively. Finally, weights of each thematic layer are combined with fuzzy set derived ratings to produce another LSZ map (Map IV). The maps I–IV have been evaluated statistically based on field data of existing landslides. Amongst all the procedures, the LSZ map based on combined neural and fuzzy weighting (i.e., Map IV) has been found to be significantly better than others, as in this case only 2.3% of the total area is found to be categorized as very high susceptibility zone and contains 30.1% of the existing landslide area. 相似文献
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Spatial prediction of landslides is termed landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ). In this study, an objective weighting approach based on fuzzy concepts is used for LSZ in a part of the Darjeeling Himalayas. Relevant thematic layers pertaining to landslide causative factors have been generated using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The membership values for each category of thematic layers have been determined using the cosine amplitude fuzzy similarity method and are used as ratings. The integration of these ratings led to the generation of LSZ map. The integration of different ratings to generate an LSZ map has been performed using a fuzzy gamma operator apart from the arithmetic overlay approach. The process is based on determination of combined rating known as the landslide susceptibility index (LSI) for all the pixels using the fuzzy gamma operator and classification using the success rate curve method to prepare the LSZ map. The results indicate that as the gamma value increases, the accuracy of the LSZ map also increases. It is observed that the LSZ map produced by the fuzzy algebraic sum has reflected a more real situation in terms of landslides in the study area. 相似文献
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Landslide Hazard Zonation using Remote Sensing and GIS: a case study of Dikrong river basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Landslides are among the most costly and damaging natural hazards in mountainous regions, triggered mainly under the influence
of earthquakes and/or rainfall. In the present study, Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) of Dikrong river basin of Arunachal
Pradesh was carried out using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Various thematic layers namely slope,
photo-lineament buffer, thrust buffer, relative relief map, geology and land use / land cover map were generated using remote
sensing data and GIS. The weighting-rating system based on the relative importance of various causative factors as derived
from remotely sensed data and other thematic maps were used for the LHZ. The different classes of thematic layers were assigned
the corresponding rating value as attribute information in the GIS and an “attribute map” was generated for each data layer.
Each class within a thematic layer was assigned an ordinal rating from 0 to 9. Summation of these attribute maps were then
multiplied by the corresponding weights to yield the Landslide Hazard Index (LHI) for each cell. Using trial and error method
the weight-rating values have been re-adjusted. The LHI threshold values used were: 142, 165, 189 and 216. A LHZ map was prepared
showing the five zones, namely “very low hazard”, “low hazard”, “moderate hazard”, “high hazard” and “very high hazard” by
using the “slicing” operation. 相似文献
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This research paper assesses the vulnerability of landslide for the Bodi-Bodimettu Ghat section, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India, using remotely sensed data and geographic information system (GIS). Landslide database was generated using IRS-1C satellite LISS III data and aerial photographs accompanied by field investigations using differential global positioning system to generate a landslide inventory map. Topographical, spatial, and field data were processed to construct the spatial thematic layers using image processing and GIS environment. Twelve landslide-inducing factors were used for landslide vulnerability analysis: elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, proximity to road, drainage and lineament, land use/land cover, geology, geomorphology, and run-off. The first five factors were derived from digital elevation model, and other thematic layers were prepared from spatial database. Frequency ratio of each factor was computed using the above thematic factors with past landslide locations. Landslide vulnerability map was produced using raster analysis. The landslide vulnerability map was classified into five zones: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The model is validated using the relative landslide density index (R-index method). The consistency of R-index indicates good performance of the vulnerability map. 相似文献
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Groundwater vulnerability assessment in the Melaka State of Malaysia using DRASTIC and GIS techniques 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S. M. Shirazi H. M. Imran S. Akib Zulkifli Yusop Z. B. Harun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2293-2304
The present work attempts to interpret the groundwater vulnerability of the Melaka State in peninsular Malaysia. The state of groundwater pollution in Melaka is a critical issue particularly in respect of the increasing population, and tourism industry as well as the agricultural, industrial and commercial development. Focusing on this issue, the study illustrates the groundwater vulnerability map for the Melaka State using the DRASTIC model together with remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). The data which correspond to the seven parameters of the model were collected and converted into thematic maps by GIS. Seven thematic maps defining the depth to water level, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity were generated to develop the DRASTIC map. In addition, this map was integrated with a land use map for generating the risk map to assess the effect of land use activities on the groundwater vulnerability. Three types of vulnerability zones were assigned for both DRASTIC map and risk map, namely, high, moderate and low. The DRASTIC map illustrates that an area of 11.02 % is low vulnerability, 61.53 % moderate vulnerability and 23.45 % high vulnerability, whereas the risk map indicates that 14.40 % of the area is low vulnerability, 47.34 % moderate vulnerability and 38.26 % high vulnerability in the study area. The most vulnerability area exists around Melaka, Jasin and Alor Gajah cities of the Melaka State. 相似文献
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An approach is presented for the evaluation of groundwater potential using remote sensing, geographic information system, geoelectrical, and multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. The approach divides the available hydrologic and hydrogeologic data into two groups, exogenous (hydrologic) and endogenous (subsurface). A case study in Salboni Block, West Bengal (India), uses six thematic layers of exogenous parameters and four thematic layers of endogenous parameters. These thematic layers and their features were assigned suitable weights which were normalized by analytic hierarchy process and eigenvector techniques. The layers were then integrated using ArcGIS software to generate two groundwater potential maps. The hydrologic parameters-based groundwater potential zone map indicated that the ‘good’ groundwater potential zone covers 27.14% of the area, the ‘moderate’ zone 45.33%, and the ‘poor’ zone 27.53%. A comparison of this map with the groundwater potential map based on subsurface parameters revealed that the hydrologic parameters-based map accurately delineates groundwater potential zones in about 59% of the area, and hence it is dependable to a certain extent. More than 80% of the study area has moderate-to-poor groundwater potential, which necessitates efficient groundwater management for long-term water security. Overall, the integrated technique is useful for the assessment of groundwater resources at a basin or sub-basin scale. 相似文献