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不稳定斜坡危险度的判别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为判别不稳定斜坡的危险度,在斜坡表面的变形迹象、斜坡本身的内部条件及外界的触发因素中,分出12项定性定量判别指标,它们各自有因子判别值Xj(i为判别指标的编号,1—12;j为因子判别值等级编号,1—6)。把各判别指标的因子判别值Xj叠加并予以综合后,便得叠加因子判别值Y=sum from 1 to N(Xj/N)(N为判别指标的数目,至少取6个),再查表13,定出不稳定斜坡危险度D。 相似文献
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斜坡岩体由小变形到大变形乃至滑坡的发生，实质上是由组成斜坡的各子系统协同作用的结果．将协同学引入斜坡的稳定性预测评价中，并提出了一种新的斜坡失稳时间预测模型──协同预测模型．经实例检验，该模型预测精度较高，可用于滑坡的短期或临滑预报． 相似文献
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利用micaps常规资料对曲靖市2007年7月22日至8月3日的连续性强降水过程进行分析,结果表明此次连续性强降水过程与中高纬冷空气不断南下有关,同时两高副合使川滇切变辐合作用加强。分析OLR平均场可以看出此次强降水过程有两条水汽输送带,同时OLR低值带与强降水落区对应关系一致。过程期间,垂直螺旋度的变化对暴雨的强度变化有很好的指示性,暴雨区位于垂直螺旋度正值中心,同时位势不稳定能量的释放是暴雨产生发展的可能机制之一。 相似文献
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本文在文献[1,2]的基础上,说明坡风是一种耗散结构,并对形成坡风的热力不稳定条件进行了初步讨论,给出了临界瑞利数Rc作为坡风热力不稳定的判据。 相似文献
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In this paper, we explore migration aspects of the 1995 Quebec Sovereignty Referendum with data from a survey administered to non-francophones in Montreal two weeks prior to the Referendum. While the Quebec sovereignty issue has been around for some time and earlier exodus from the province, particularly among anglophones, is largely regarded as “forced” in some way, this study neither confirms the 1995 Sovereignty Referendum as a paramount factor in explaining outmigration from Quebec nor points to a real reluctance to leave Montreal. The decision to move is influenced by the interplay of a multitude of factors. The political influence is only an added factor to longstanding economic decline and cultural clash. Moreover, if there is any impulsion, the degree varies among different cultural and socioeconomic groups. 相似文献
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"居住不稳定性"对中国大城市流动人口健康的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着城镇化加速和人口“流动性”增强,中国大城市流动人口的健康问题备受关注。流动人口的居住具有典型不稳定特征,分析其对流动人口身心健康的影响具有重要意义。为此,本文采用北京、深圳、上海等9个大城市的实地调研数据,运用层级回归和分组回归,探讨影响流动人口身心健康的因素,关注“居住不稳定性”因素的影响。研究表明：城市内部多次迁居和城市间频繁流动对流动人口健康具有显著负面影响;住房因素中,自有住房和选择居住在本地人居多的邻里对其健康具有显著正面影响。另外,“性别”因素具有调节效应;居住不稳定性对主观幸福感和自评生理健康的影响程度因“性别”不同而有所差异,男性健康对时空因素更为敏感和脆弱,女性健康不佳多归因于住房和邻里。 相似文献
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从岩石力学系统运动稳定性的基本理论出发,将边坡力学系统的破坏分成五类,对其中的连续协调变形边坡的稳定性问题进行了描述,并分析了该系统的稳定性及其判据,找出了系统的控制变量是系统的广义刚度系数,同时对影响系统控制变量的因素进行了初探,指出影响边坡系统稳定性的控制变量主要是系统的几何结构因素和系统的力学参数性质,最后提出对系统控制变量进行人为的调控,达到调整系统、加强系统稳定性和防灾的目的． 相似文献
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The onset of extension during lithospheric shortening:a two-dimensional thermomechanical model for lithospheric unrooting 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Anna Maria Marotta Manel Fernàndez & Roberto Sabadini 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,139(1):98-114
We model the evolution of the lithosphere during its shortening and consequent gravitational collapse with special emphasis on the induced variations in the surface stress regime and dynamic topography. In particular, we analyse the conditions leading, immediately after lithospheric failure, to local extension, eventually coeval with compression. Different crustal rheologies and kinematic conditions as well as thermally imposed mechanical rupture are considered. Numerical calculations have been performed by using a 2-D finite element code that couples the thermal and mechanical equations for a Newtonian rheology with a temperature-dependent viscosity. The results show that, after the failure of a gravitationally unstable lithospheric root, the replacement of lithospheric mantle by warmer asthenospheric material induces a considerable variation in the dynamic topography and in the surface stress regime. The occurrence of local extension, its intensity and its spatial distribution depend mainly on whether convergence continues throughout the process or ceases after or before the lithospheric failure. Similarly, uplift/subsidence and topographic inversion are controlled by kinematic conditions and crustal rheology. Mechanical rupture produces drastic changes in the surface stress regime and dynamic topography but only for a short time period, after which the system tends to evolve like a continuous model. 相似文献
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Catastrophic detachment and high-velocity long-runout flow of Kolka Glacier, Caucasus Mountains, Russia in 2002 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stephen G. Evans Olga V. Tutubalina Valery N. Drobyshev Sergey S. Chernomorets Scott McDougall Dmitry A. Petrakov Oldrich Hungr 《Geomorphology》2009,105(3-4):314-321
In September 2002, a catastrophic geomorphic event occurred in the Caucasus Mountains, southern Russia, in which almost the entire mass of Kolka Glacier detached from its bed, accelerated to a very high velocity (max. 65–80 m/s), and traveled a total distance of 19 km downstream as a glacier-debris flow. Based on the interpretation of satellite imagery obtained only 8.5 h before the event occurred, the analysis of seismograms from nearby seismic stations, and subsequent detailed field observations and measurements, we suggest that this remarkable event was not a response to impulse loading from a rock avalanche in the mountainside above the glacier, or to glacier surging, but due entirely to the static and delayed catastrophic response of the Kolka glacier to ice and debris loading over a period of months prior to the September 20 detachment. We reconstruct the glacier-debris flow using field observations in conjunction with the interpretation of seismographs from nearby seismic stations and successfully simulate the behaviour (runout, velocity, and deposition) of the post-detachment glacier-debris flow using a three-dimensional analytical model. Our demonstration of a standing-start hypothesis in the 2002 Kolka Glacier detachment has substantial implications for glacier hazard assessment and risk management strategies in valleys downstream from unstable debris-covered glaciers in the mountain regions of the world. 相似文献
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The present study aims the evaluation of bio-physical characteristics towards soil-water-vegetation stress and a rule is envisaged to assess the degree of temporal changes. The digital rule for assessment is initialized through the index of land Instability (ILI) where the variance indicates the temporal instability of the pixel i.e., smallest land unit. It is assumed that the biophysical characteristic of land is in command of land-dynamics where there is no change in Land Use/Land Cover (LU&LC). The intensity map on tendency of albedo (IALB) assesses the intensity of soil erosion and water stress whereas intensity map on tendency of NDVI (INDVI) appraises the stress on vegetation. The carry-out study covers a part of semiarid Western India. Primarily remote sensing technique, which carries the digital information of land temporally and spatially, is adopted in this paper. A part of the study area is represented using two sets of IRS 1A/1B LISS-I data of March with a decadal time domain (1989-1998) as a test area. It is assumed that the soil-water-vegetation stress is maximum during summer(March-April-May) in any tropical belt and decadal data will stretch the possibility of climate as well as man-made activity over the land. 相似文献
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The present study aims the evaluation of bio-physical characteristics towards soil-water-vegetation stress and a rule is envisaged to assess the degree of temporal changes. The
digital rule for assessment is initialized through the index of land Instability (ILI) where the variance indicates the temporal instability of the pixel I.e., smallest land unit. It is assumed that the biophysical characteristic of land is in command of land-dynamics where there is no change in Land Use/Land Cover (LU&LC). The intensity map on tendency of albedo (IALB) assesses the intensity of soil erosion and water stress whereas intensity map on tendency of NDVI (INDVI) appraises the stress on vegetation. The carry-out study covers a part of semiarid Western India. Primarily remote sensing technique, which carries the digital information of land temporally and spatially, is adopted in this paper. A part of the study area is represented using two sets of IRS 1A/lB LISS-I data of March with a decadal time domain (1989-1998) as a test area. It is assumed that the soil-water-vegetation stress is maximum during summer(March-April-May) in any tropical belt and decadal data will stretch the possibility of climate as well as man-made activity over the land. 相似文献
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Spatial variability, mechanisms and propagation of change in an active meandering river 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
This paper addresses questions of the spatial pattern of instability and the mechanisms of change in an active meandering river, particularly whether and how change is propagated. More than 20 years of monitoring of a sequence of nearly 100 bends on one dynamic meandering river, combined with historical data and previous analyses of processes of change, provide a unique insight into the link between annual changes produced by erosion and deposition and the longer-term changes in planform. The study reach of the River Dane in NW England exhibits stable and unstable sections adjacent to one another. Rates of movement range up to 3 m a− 1, with maxima occurring in high curvature, free bends. Stable reaches are due to factors of gradient, curvature and bank resistance. Analysis of the large amount of data on occurrence of erosion and deposition in each bend each year reveals no definite association of changes in one bend with another. The detailed evidence of the morphological features in the bends shows that changes do not take place by bars moving progressively through reaches. Case studies of bends upstream of constrained, stable reaches indicate an oscillation of widening and narrowing of the channel, over a period of a few years, producing a net rotation of the bend. These areas are zones of stalling of sediment and change takes place by absorption and lateral movement. Overall, changes tend to be localised and fit the bend theory of meanders, but with low sensitivity reaches pinning the planform for longer periods in certain locations. 相似文献
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气候不稳定性的重要发现：对国外冰芯研究进展的综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冰芯分析使气候环境变化研究取得重大进展。最近格陵兰冰盖顶部的一对冰芯证实了末次冰期出现过多次冷暖时段的快速转换。ＧＲＩＰ冰芯还发现未闪间冰期盛期也为冷期所打断。安第斯山注芯提示了末次冰期热带气候变化之谜。过去被广泛接受的气候稳定的间冰斯和气候多变的冰斯的结论，以及恒温式热带冰期气候运转模式都面临挑战。 相似文献