共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
我国水循环的生物学过程研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
作为IGBP核心计划之一的水循环与生物圈相互作用(BAHC)研究一直是国际学术研究的前沿性热点课题。本文从森林水文生态、山坡水文学、防护林水土保持效益、水生生态系统净化作用等方面,综述了我国在水循环与生物圈相互作用研究方面的进展。并指出了从水循环的生物过程来分析我国的水资源安全、西部地区的生态环境建设和经济开发战略问题,探讨东西部协调发展模式和生态系统与水资源管理方略时必须解决的有关科学问题。 相似文献
2.
国际地圈——生物圈计划:全球变化研究(IGBP),是当代国际最大的生态研究计划。1987年1月,国际科学联合会(ICSU)执行委员会遵照1986年9月召开的ICSU第21届全会的决定,筹备成立了国际地圈-生物圈计划:全球变化研究 相似文献
3.
1988年6月4日—10日在匈牙利布达佩斯召开了环境问题专门委员会全体会议例会(每三年召开一次)。尽管有些主要报告带有宣言式彩色,但总的来讲这次会议所宣读的报告水平还是比较高的。参加会议的人数在100—150人之间,其中有许多人是世界闻名的生物圈和生态研究方面的专家,从而提高了大会的身价。但是从另一个方面来看与会者的平均年龄偏高,年青的研究人员几乎没有参加。会议所讨论的问题涉及到以下5个方面:环境变化监测国际地圈和生物圈计划国际委员会主席 D.D.马卡尔季教授(美国)就有关国际地圈和生物圈计划主要目的讨论作了综述性报告。 相似文献
4.
IGBP是“国际地理—生物圈研究计划”(The International Geosphere—BiosphereProgramme),是国际科学联合会理事会(ICSU)组织下的又一项新的世界范围的科学研究计划。此项计划将通过对地球环境每十年、特别是本世纪最后十年里变化过程的研究,使人类对下个世纪环境变化状况及规律有一个较透彻的了解和较准确的把握。 相似文献
5.
由全球变化四大研究计划国际地圈生物圈计划(IGBP)、世界气候研究计划(WCRP)、国际全球环境变化人文因素计划(IHDP)、生物多样性计划(DIVERSITAS)的中国国家委员会主席和世界数据中心(WDC)中国中心秘书长共同发起的"CNC-IGBP、CNC-WCRP、CNC-IHDP、CNC-DIVERSITAS和WDC-China 2006年联合学术大会"于2007年1月20-22日在北京举行. 相似文献
6.
7.
海面变化研究是具重要理论和实践意义的地学研究领域。全球性气候变化、海面升降和环境变迁的预测等研究,引起国际学术界和各国政府部门高度重视,成为国际地圈－生物圈计划 相似文献
8.
香山科学会议"中国全球环境变化研究"学术讨论会召开 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年4月26～28日在北京召开了以“中国全球环境变化研究”为主题的香山科学会议第252次学术讨论会。本次会议由国际全球环境变化人文因素计划中国国家委员会(CNC—IHDP)、国际地圈生物圈计划中国全国委员会(CNC—IGBP)、世界气候研究计划中国委员会(CNC—WCRP)、国际生物多样性计划中国国家委员会(CNC—DIVERSITAS)共同组织发起。会议共设有4个中心议题：全球环境变化与人类活动、全球环境变化与可持续发展、全球环境变化与构建和谐社会、中国全球环境变化研究战略。这次香山会议,得到了徐冠华院士、叶笃正院士和孙鸿烈院士的大力指导,得到了我国全球环境变化研究领域学者的积极响应,叶笃正院士、施雅风院士等60多位活跃在我国全球环境变化研究领域的著名学者参加了会议。 相似文献
9.
全球环境变化研究的核心领域——土地利用／土地覆被变化的国际研究动向 总被引：728，自引：29，他引：728
土地利用／土地覆被变化已列为“国际地圈与生物圈计划”的核心项目，在该领域的研究工作逐渐加强。本文论述了全球环境变化中的土地利用／土地覆被变化的内涵，在全球环境变化中的作用，其主要研究内容，关键问题及研究方法，并介绍了国外有关研究项目的情况。 相似文献
10.
国际山地综合开发中心(ICIMOD,以下简称开发中心)于1983年12月在尼泊尔首都加德满都成立,同时举办题为“山地开发2000年”的国际讨论会。 建设亚洲中南部山地开发新中心的设想,是由德国国际发展基金会于1974年在慕尼黑举行山地环境发展会议期间提出的;1975年在尼泊尔召开的联合国人与生物圈计划地区会议的支持下,授权建立这个机构。开发中心已经得到了西德和瑞士政府为它提供约200万美元的资助。尼泊尔王国政府为它培训人员,收集和贮存资料,为研究兴部 相似文献
11.
This paper attempted to identify fractal and chaotic characteristics of the annual runoff processes in headwaters of the Tarim
River. Methods of fractal analyses were used to explore several aspects of the temporal changes from 1957 to 2002. The main
findings are as follows: (1) The annual runoff processes of the three headwaters of the Tarim River are complex nonlinear
systems with fractal as well as chaotic dynamics. (2) The correlation dimensions of attractor derived from the time series
of the annual runoff for the Hotan, Yarkand and Aksu rivers are all greater than 3.0 and non-integral, implying that all three
rivers are chaotic dynamical systems that are sensitive to initial conditions, and the dynamic modeling of their annual runoff
process requires at least four independent variables. (3) The time series of annual runoff in each river presents a long-term
correlation characteristic. The Hurst exponent for the period of 1989 to 2002 suggests that we may expect to see an increasing
trend in the annual runoff of the Aksu and Yarkand rivers in the years after 2002, but a decreasing tendency for the Hotan
River in the same period.
Foundation: Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-XB2-03; Major Direction of Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-YW-127;
Shanghai Academic Discipline Project (Human Geography), No.B410
Author: Xu Jianhua (1965–), specialized in geographical quantitative methods and GIS. 相似文献
12.
构建了生态治理政策的成本结构指数和过程绩效指数,将生态治理结果纳入绩效体系,形成“过程+结果”的综合绩效评价模型体系。对翁牛特旗的生态治理政策绩效进行了计算：中德合作造林的综合绩效指数为0.877 2,退耕还林的综合绩效指数为0.822 9,小流域治理的综合绩效指数为0.716 9,草原禁牧的综合绩效指数为0.411 2。这四种生态治理政策的过程绩效和终端绩效存在差别：中德合作造林、退耕还林工程、小流域治理项目、草原禁牧政策的过程绩效分别是终端绩效的99.86%、91.76%、84.57%和49.75%。该绩效评价模型是不同生态政策绩效分析的新视角,具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
With the implementation of the Grain for Green Project,vegetation cover has expe-rienced great changes throughout the Loess Plateau (LP).These changes substantially in-fluence the intensity of evapotranspiration (ET),thereby regulating the local microclimate.In this study,we estimated ET based on the Penman-Monteith (PM) method and Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) model and quantitatively estimated the mass of water vapor and heat absorption on the LP.We analyzed the regulatory effect of vegetation resto-ration on local microclimate from 2000 to 2015 and found the following:(1) Both the leaf area index (LAI) value and actual ET increased significantly across the region during the study period,and there was a significant positive correlation between them in spatial patterns and temporal trends.(2) Vegetation regulated the local microclimate through ET,which increased the absolute humidity by 2.76-3.29 g m-3,increased the relative humidity by 15.43％-19.31％and reduced the temperature by 5.38-6.43℃ per day from June to September.(3) The cooling and humidifying effects of vegetation were also affected by the temperature on the LP.(4) Correlation analysis showed that LAI was significantly correlated with temperature at the monthly scale,and the response of vegetation growth to temperature had no time-lag effect.This paper presents new insights into quantitatively assessing the regulatory effect of vege-tation on the local microclimate through ET and helps to objectively evaluate the ecological effects of the Grain for Green Project on the LP. 相似文献
14.
北京西北地区景观格局优化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Supported by the technologies of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS), we chose northwest of Beijing
as a study area and gave priority to understanding of the spatial-temporal characteristics of landscape pattern change through
visually interpreted Landsat TM images of 1989, 1996 and 2005. It is believed that there were a series of landscape ecological
problems caused by city expansion: landscape ecological connectivity was low; landscape structure was simplified; the fragmentation
of green land patch was more obvious on the plain areas, moreover, spatial distribution of green land was unbalanced. For
this reason, this study adopted accumulative cost distance model, combined with ecosystem services and spatial interactions
of landscape types, analyzed the spatial difference of the ecological function and the compactness of landscape structure
in the study area, and further discussed the landscape pattern optimization proposal. We find that it is essential to protect
and establish ecological sources, to establish urban ecological corridors, and to establish ecological nodes at the landscape
ecological strategic positions so as to intensify spatial relationships among landscape elements and maintain continuity of
landscape ecological process and pattern in the course of city expansion. The methods and final results from this study are
expected to be useful for landscape ecological planning in Beijing region.
Foundation: Program for New Century Excellent Talent in the University, No.NCET-06-0122; The National Water Special Project, No.2008ZX07526-002-02;
Specific Financial Funds Project of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (BJAST), Platform Construction for Typical Contaminated
Soil Remediation Technology of Beijing (2008A-1); Plan Support for Innovative Team (2008A-6) of BJAST; NSFC, No.30871964;
BJNSFC, No.4073036
Author: Yue Depeng (1963–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in desertification control, landscape ecology and land evaluation. 相似文献
15.
三峡库区重庆段水土流失的时空格局特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Soil and water loss has been the most serious eco-environmental problem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. In
this paper the authors studied the spatiotemporal features of soil and water loss from 1999 to 2004 based on RS and GIS techniques.
The results showed that: (1) The soil and water loss area decreased from 1999 to 2004. (2) Soil and water loss mainly exists
in purple soil, yellow soil, limestone soil, paddy soil and yellow brown soil distributed areas. (3) The dry slope land and
sparse woodland that are intensively influenced by human activities experienced most serious soil and water loss. (4) Soil
and water loss in the study area indicated an obvious vertical differentiation characteristic. (5) There is a significant
correlation between soil and water loss and slope. (6) There is no obvious correlation between soil and water loss and aspect.
(7) Soil and water loss mainly exists in the values of R between 300 and 340 distribution area. The very-high soil and water
loss has obvious correlation with R.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801077; Science & Technology Research Project Supported by Chongqing Municipal
Education Commission, No.KJ070811; Doctoral Fund of Chongqing Normal University, No.06XLB004; Project by Chongqing Water Conservancy
Bureau
Author: Li Yuechen (1974–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in the study of remote sensing application and land use/land
cover change. 相似文献
16.
中国北方农牧交错带风水蚀复合区的粮食与退耕还林(草)问题 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
中国北方农牧交错带风水蚀复合区是一个非常特殊的生态脆弱区,通过对该类型区60个典型县域的实地考察和统计资料分析表明：①该类型区的人均粮食产量自给有余,但粮食单产较低,较高的人均粮食产量是以扩大耕地面积,牺牲生态为代价的,今后粮食增产的主要潜力重点应放在提高水浇地单产上。②从区域和国家生态安全角度考虑,该类型区不适宜大规模开垦耕地,而应在粮食自给的基础上逐渐转变为以牧为主的发展方向,退耕还林(草)正是实现这一重要转变的最有效途径和措施。③农户调查结果表明,退耕对农户粮食产量和家庭经济收入的影响不大,大部分农户能够自觉接受退耕还林(草)政策,但目前正处于相持阶段,仍需要国家给予适当经济补偿。因此,该类型区的退耕还林(草)工程不但不能压缩,而且应该进一步扩大规模,加大投资力度。 相似文献
17.
生态脆弱区社会—生态景观恢复力时空演变及情景模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从最具操作性的景观尺度探究社会—生态系统恢复力的时空分异及其演变,对于揭示人类活动变化对生态环境及其景观服务的影响机制,促进区域可持续发展意义重大。以黄土丘陵沟壑区米脂县作为典型案例地,从生态、社会、生产3个系统维度构建社会—生态景观恢复力评价指标体系,分析研究区各子系统和整体社会—生态景观恢复力时空演变及其相互关系。结果显示：① 研究区2000-2015年社会—生态景观3子系统恢复力空间分异显著且都有增强。其中,“退耕还林”第1阶段（2000-2009年）增强突出,生态、社会、生产三系统恢复力指数分别上升0.134、0.048、0.028;第2阶段（2009-2015年）增强相对减缓,生态、社会、生产三系统恢复力指数分别上升0.038、0.017、0.021。② 总体社会—生态景观恢复力空间分异同样显著,其恢复力指数上升11.60%,呈现中间高东西低的空间格局。③ 子系统与整体景观系统恢复力变化之间有主导性正向关系,且3个子系统恢复力变化协同关系显著,两个或三个系统协同率达到90%以上。最后,运用有序加权平均法,基于干扰指标与适应能力指标的不同权重设置情景偏好,绘制出“不可持续导向型”“维持现状型”和“可持续导向型”3种情景下的社会—生态景观恢复力模拟图,为区域景观适应性管理提供决策支持。 相似文献
18.
选取了坡度、土地利用类型、土壤类型、海拔高度、坡向等5个主导评价因子.采用等差指数多因子综合分析与最低限制性因子分析相结合的方法,利用ARCGIS 9.0软件提取相关信息,对南水北调中线工程水源区农耕地进行了分等定级.结果表明,最适宜和中度适宜的土地面积分别占3.4%和36.5%,以中低产田为主;临界适宜和不适宜的土地面积占16.8%和43.4%,具有潜在的宜林宜牧利用价值.研究结果对于水源区制定农业发展政策,科学合理、高效利用土地尤其是耕地资源,实现生态环境保护与经济的协调发展具有重要意义. 相似文献
19.
亚洲国际河流研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1 General situation Entering the 21st century, resource and environmental diplomacy is regarded as a new element for establishing future international patterns of cooperation. Transboundary resources and environmental issues in international river basins … 相似文献