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1.
黄河上游气候变化对地表水的影响   总被引:29,自引:2,他引:27  
利用1961~2002年黄河上游唐乃亥水文站水文资料及同期该流域气象资料,研究黄河上游流域气候变化及其对地表水资源的影响,结果表明: 黄河上游年流量呈现出逐年减少趋势,20世纪90年代以来减少趋势更为明显;黄河上游流域气候变化表现出气温升高、降水减少和蒸发增大的干旱化趋势,这一变化趋势在90年代以来尤为突出;气温升高、降水量减少和蒸发量增大是导致黄河上游流量减少的气候原因,其中降水量是影响流量的主要气候因子,降水量的减少特别是夏季降水量的减少直接导致了黄河上游流量的减少。  相似文献   

2.
黄河源区径流对气候变化的响应及未来趋势预测   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
李林  申红艳  戴升  肖建设  时兴合 《地理学报》2011,66(9):1261-1269
利用1956-2010 年黄河源区流域水文、气象观测数据和2010-2030 年区域气候模式系统PRECIS输出数据降尺度生成的未来气候情景资料,通过分析流量的演变规律和揭示气候归因,预测了未来流量可能的演变趋势。研究表明:近55 年来黄河源区年平均流量总体呈减少趋势,并具有5a、8a、15a、22a 和42a 的准周期变化;南海夏季风减弱引起流域降水量的减少与全球变暖背景下蒸发量的增大和冻土的退化是导致黄河源区流量减少的气候归因;根据区域气候模式系统PRECIS预测结果,未来20 年黄河源区流量变化趋势可能仍以减少为主。  相似文献   

3.
刘璐璐  曹巍  邵全琴 《地理科学》2017,37(2):311-320
基于20 世纪70 年代中后期、90 年代初期、2004 年和2012年共4 期土地覆被数据,利用转移矩阵、土地覆被状况指数和土地覆被转类指数,对比分析了长江源区和黄河源区近30 a来土地覆被与生态状况的变化特征。结果表明:2012年草地是两源区最主要的土地覆被类型,但黄河源区的草地面积占比比长江源区高17%,同时,长江源区存在永久冰川雪地及荒漠,黄河源区没有;从土地覆被状况来看,过去30 a黄河源区优于长江源区,长江源区土地覆被状况指数平均为16.82%,黄河源区为38.84%;从土地覆被转类来看,过去30 a长江源区土地覆被总体变好,黄河源区则总体变差,在20世纪70年代中后期至90年代初、20世纪90年代初至2004年和2004~2012年3时段内,长江源区土地覆被经历了变差-好转-持续好转的变化过程,而黄河源区则是变差-显著变差-略有好转,且黄河源区土地覆被状况的变化程度较长江源区更为剧烈;长江源区因分布有大量的冰川、冻土,自20世纪90年代气温升高开始,冰川冻土融化,导致水体与沼泽面积扩张,后期叠加生态工程的积极影响,使得其土地覆被状况持续好转,黄河源区则因2004 年以来暖湿的气候状况及生态保护工程的实施,使得土地覆被退化趋势得到遏制并逐渐呈现转好态势。  相似文献   

4.
黄河源区径流量与区域气候变化的多时间尺度相关   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
采用交叉小波变换方法,分析了黄河源区实测径流量与区域降水量、蒸发量以及最高、最低气温之间的时频域统计特征,讨论了黄河源区径流与区域气候变化之间的多时间尺度相关.结果表明,黄河源区径流和区域气候变化具有多时间尺度结构,两者都存在准2a、4a、6~8a、12~14a和20a以上尺度的显著变化周期,不同尺度周期振荡能量的强弱和时域分布的位相差异是两者相关不稳定和存在时延相关的重要原因.径流与区域降水量之间正相关振荡的凝聚性最强,区域降水量对径流变化起主控作用,前期降水异常对后期径流变化具有持续性影响.径流变化与区域蒸发量存在显著负相关振荡,年际尺度相关存在不稳定和时延现象.年代际尺度上径流与最高气温的负相关比其与最低气温的正相关凝聚性更强,最高气温升高对增大流域蒸发量导致径流补给的减少作用大于最低气温升高引起冰雪融水补给的增大作用;两者年际尺度相关不稳定,径流对气温变化的响应时间不同.分析认为,区域降水量是黄河源区径流变化的主导因子,最高气温是重要因子;在区域降水量逐年减小的背景下,气温升高进一步加剧了径流量的减小.区域蒸发量和最低气温变化对径流量也有不同程度的影响,气候因子的综合作用是黄河源区径流变化的根本原因.  相似文献   

5.
塔里木河三源流区气候变化对径流量的影响   总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2  
结合对近50年塔里木河源流区气象、水文资料的分析,探讨了过去半个世纪塔里木河源流区气候变化及其对河川径流的影响。研究结果显示,在过去50年里,塔里木河三源流径流流量总体呈现增加的趋势,期间有波动过程;对影响径流变化的气温、降水和蒸发等因子分析发现,降水量变化对塔里木河径流量变化影响最为显著,而温度的升高,加速了山区冰雪资源的消融,加大了冰雪融水对径流量的补给,但同时导致蒸发量增大,增加了地表淡水资源的消耗,对山区来水量的增大起到一定的削弱作用。  相似文献   

6.
三江源区径流演变及其对气候变化的响应   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用水循环模型、统计检测、对比分析等手段对三江源区水循环过程进行了分析,模拟和检测了1958-2005 年黄河源区出口唐乃亥站、长江源区直门达站、澜沧江源区昌都站汛期、非汛期和年径流过程的变化趋势。在此基础上,检测CSIRO和NCAR两种气候模式A1B和B1 排放情景下未来2010-2039 年源区出口断面的径流演变趋势,对比分析了气候变化的影响。研究表明过去48 年三江源区出口唐乃亥站年径流和非汛期径流过程呈显著减少趋势,而直门达和昌都站径流过程变化趋势并不显著。这将导致对黄河中下游地区的水资源补给显著减少,加剧黄河流域水资源短缺。气候变化背景下,未来30 年黄河源区径流量与现状相比有所减少,尤其是在非汛期,将持续加剧黄河中下游流域水资源短缺的现象。长江源区径流量将呈增加趋势,而且远远高于现状流量,尤其是在汛期,长江中下游地区防洪形势严峻。而澜沧江源区未来30 年径流量均高于现状流量,但汛期和年径流变化并不显著,而非汛期径流变化存在不确定性,CSIRO模式B1 情景显著减小,而NCAR模式B1 情景显著增加。气候变化对长江源区径流影响最显著,黄河源区其次,而澜沧江源区最小。  相似文献   

7.
黄土高原典型流域地下水补给-排泄关系及其变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于长序列实测日径流资料,分析了无定河流域的地下水补给-排泄关系。结果表明:①流域多年平均地下水补给量为11.38~15.69 mm,降水入渗补给系数为2.9%~4.4%,基流补给率约为73.6%~86.8%;②就三个分区而言,年均地下水补给模数、降水入渗系数以黄土区最大,河源区次之,风沙区最小;而基流补给率以河源区最大,黄土区次之,风沙区最小;③趋势分析表明,研究区地下水补给量总体呈显著减少趋势,并进一步导致了基流量的减少。但是基流的减少程度高于补给量。  相似文献   

8.
黄河源区径流量的季节变化及其与区域气候的小波相关   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
孙卫国  程炳岩  李荣 《中国沙漠》2010,30(3):712-721
采用交叉小波分析方法,分析了黄河源区达日站四季径流量与区域降水量、蒸发量以及最高、最低气温之间的时频域统计特征,讨论了黄河源区河川径流的季节变化及其与气候要素之间的多时间尺度相关。结果表明,黄河源区径流量具有明显的年际和年代际变化,存在着2~4 a、6~8 a和12~22 a尺度的显著变化周期。夏秋季径流变化与区域降水量之间年际和年代际尺度正相关振荡的凝聚性最强,秋季两者相关程度更高;夏季径流与区域蒸发量、最高和最低气温的年代际尺度相关凝聚性高于秋季,径流变化对区域蒸发和气温异常的响应时间也不相同。冬春季径流变化与最高、最低气温的高凝聚性相关表现在年际尺度共振周期上,春季径流与最高气温的负相关程度高于冬季,冬季径流与最低气温的正相关高于春季。分析认为,区域降水量是黄河源区丰水期径流变化的主导因子,最高、最低气温对枯水期径流变化具有重要影响;不同季节气候要素对河川径流的影响机制不同,径流变化对区域气候异常的响应时间存在差异,黄河源区径流变化是气候要素综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

9.
为掌握黄河源区植被变化趋势及其与气候因子的关系,本研究利用2000—2013年Terra/MODIS NDVI数据和同期气温、降水资料,通过一元线性回归分析、相关分析等方法,对黄河源区生长季植被时空变化及其与气候因子进行关联分析。结果表明:黄河源区多年平均生长季NDVI整体表现为由东南向西北递减。2000—2013年,黄河源区生长季NDVI呈波动上升趋势(P0.01);生长季各期NDVI均在增加,其中生长季初期NDVI增加较显著。近十几年NDVI无显著变化区域占黄河源植被覆盖区面积的69.58%,分布广泛;极显著和显著增加区域占28.88%,集中在黄河源东北部、扎陵湖和鄂陵湖周围;极显著和显著减少区域仅占1.54%,主要以小斑块状分布在扎陵湖、鄂陵湖以上源头区。生长季NDVI与气候因子显著正相关区域和NDVI增加区域高度一致,意味着黄河源区暖湿化促进了植被生长,而降水是影响黄河源区植被生长的主导因子。气温和降水对黄河源区植被生长影响的最大时间滞后效应约为16天或32天,且气温对黄河源区植被生长的影响还具有显著的同期效应。  相似文献   

10.
基于黄河源区有关水文、气象台站的观测数据,对该区及黄河沿水文站以上、黄河沿水文站-吉迈水文站区间、吉迈水文站-玛曲水文站区间、玛曲水文站-唐乃亥水文站区间各区域1960—2014年期间径流变化的季节特征、趋势及其对气候变化响应的区域差异进行了分析。结果表明:近55 a来黄河源区径流及其各分区径流总体上呈减少的态势,但减少幅度各区有所不同;但在2000年代中期后径流量回升比较明显。在上述分析的基础上,基于周期外延叠加方法对黄河河源区径流未来30 a的可能变化进行了预测。预测显示,未来30 a内,黄河源区径流的变化为先增后减,但总体变化平稳,其均值与目前55 a实测系列均值没有显著差异。  相似文献   

11.
Taking the source region of the Yellow River as a study area and based on the data from Madoi Meteorological Station and Huangheyan Hydrological Station covering the period 1955–2005, this paper analyses the changing trends of surface water resources, climate and frozen ground and reveals their causes. Results show that there exist frequent fluctuations from high to low water flow in the 51-year period. In general, the discharge has shown a de-clining trend in the 51 years especially since the 1990s. The annual distribution shows one peak which, year on year is getting smaller. (1) Precipitation has a significant and sustained influence on discharge. (2) A sharp rise of temperature resulted in the increase of evaporation and the decrease of discharge, which has a greater effect than on ice-snow melting. (3) Frozen ground tends to be degraded markedly. There is a significant positive correlation be-tween the permafrost thickness and the discharge. (4) Evaporation rates are significantly increasing, leading to the decrease of discharge. 70% of the discharge reduction resulted from climate change, and the remaining 30% may have been caused by human activities.  相似文献   

12.
黄河源区水资源变化及其影响因子   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Taking the source region of the Yellow River as a study area and based on the data from Madoi Meteorological Station and Huangheyan Hydrological Station covering the period 1955-2005, this paper analyses the changing trends of surface water resources, climate and frozen ground and reveals their causes. Results show that there exist frequent fluctuations from high to low water flow in the 51-year period. In general, the discharge has shown a de- clining trend in the 51 years especially since the 1990s. The annual distribution shows one peak which, year on year is getting smaller. (1) Precipitation has a significant and sustained influence on discharge. (2) A sharp rise of temperature resulted in the increase of evaporation and the decrease of discharge, which has a greater effect than on ice-snow melting. (3) Frozen ground tends to be degraded markedly. There is a significant positive correlation be- tween the permafrost thickness and the discharge. (4) Evaporation rates are significantly increasing, leading to the decrease of discharge. 70% of the discharge reduction resulted from climate change, and the remaining 30% may have been caused by human activities.  相似文献   

13.
黄河源区径流对气候变化的响应及未来趋势(英文)   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
This study examines the hydrological and meteorological data of the source region of the Yellow River from 1956 to 2010 and future climate scenarios from regional climate model (PRECIS) during 2010-2020. Through analyzing the flow variations and revealing the climate causes, it predicts the variation trend for future flows. It is found that the annual mean flow showed a decreasing trend in recent 50 years in the source region of the Yellow River with quasi-periods of 5a, 8a, 15a, 22a and 42a; the weakened South China Sea summer monsoon induced precipitation decrease, as well as evaporation increase and frozen soil degeneration in the scenario of global warming are the climate factors, which have caused flow decrease. Based on the regional climate model PRECIS prediction, the flows in the source region of the Yellow River are likely to decrease generally in the next 20 years.  相似文献   

14.
黄河源区多年冻土空间分布变化特征数值模拟   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
马帅  盛煜  曹伟  吴吉春  胡晓莹  王生廷 《地理学报》2017,72(9):1621-1633
基于IPCC第五次评估报告预估的气温变化情景,采用数值模拟的方法对黄河源区典型冻土类型开展模拟,推算过去及预测未来黄河源区冻土分布空间变化过程和发展趋势。结果表明:1972-2012年源区多年冻土只有少部分发生退化,退化的冻土面积为833 km2,季节冻土主要集中在源区东南部的热曲谷地、小野马岭以及两湖流域南部的汤岔玛地带;RCP 2.6、RCP 6.0、RCP 8.5情景下,2050年多年冻土退化为季节冻土的面积差别不大,分别为2224 km2、2347 km2、2559 km2,占源区面积的7.5%、7.9%、8.6%;勒那曲、多曲、白马曲零星出现季节冻土,野牛沟、野马滩以及鄂陵湖东部的玛多四湖所在黄河低谷大片为季节冻土;2100年多年冻土退化为季节冻土的面积分别为5636 km2、9769 km2、15548 km2,占源区面积的19%、32.9%、52.3%;星宿海、尕玛勒滩、多格茸的多年冻土发生退化,低温冻土变为高温冻土,各类年平均地温出现了不同程度的升高。到2100年,RCP 2.6情景下源区多年冻土全部退化为季节冻土主要发生在目前年平均地温高于-0.15 oC的区域,而-0.15~-0.44 oC的区域部分发生退化;RCP 6.0、RCP 8.5情景下目前年平均地温分别为高于-0.21 oC以及-0.38o C的区域多年冻土全部发生退化,而-0.21~-0.69 oC以及-0.38~-0.88 oC的区域部分发生退化。  相似文献   

15.
黄河源区生态环境退化研究   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
生态环境退化是黄河源区所面临的重要的生态问题和社会经济问题。源区生态环境退化不但影响本区经济的可持续发展,而且对中下游地区的生态环境和水文条件构成很大威胁。在收集区内现有研究成果的基础上,通过对2000年TM影像的解译,对黄河源区生态环境退化现状和特征作了全面系统的研究。源区生态环境退化主要表现在冰川退缩、冻土面积的减小和冻融侵蚀面积的扩大,植被退化和土地退化的加剧等过程。最后,在分析未来气候变化和人类活动的基础上,对生态环境变化趋势作了预测。  相似文献   

16.
江河源区NDVI时空变化及其与气候因子的关系(英文)   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are important water conservation areas of China. In recent years, ecological deterioration trend of the source regions caused by global climate change and unreasonable resource development increased gradually. In this paper, the spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation cover in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are analyzed in recent 10 years based on 1-km resolution multitemporal SPOTVGT-DN data from 1998 to 2007. Meanwhile, the correlation relationships between air temperature, precipitation, shallow ground temperature and NDVI, which is 3×3 pixel at the center of Wudaoliang, Tuotuohe, Qumalai, Maduo, and Dari meteorological stations were analyzed. The results show that the NDVI values in these two source regions are increasing in recent 10 years. Spatial distribution of NDVI which was consistent with hydrothermal condition decreased from southeast to northwest of the source regions. NDVI with a value over 0.54 was mainly distributed in the southeastern source region of the Yellow River, and most NDVI values in the northwestern source region of the Yangtze River were less than 0.22. Spatial changing trend of NDVI has great difference and most parts in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers witnessed indistinct change. The regions with marked increasing trend were mainly distributed on the south side of the Tongtian River, some part of Keqianqu, Tongtian, Chumaer, and Tuotuo rivers in the source region of the Yangtze River and Xingsuhai, and southern Dari county in the source region of the Yellow River. The regions with very marked increasing tendency were mainly distributed on the south side of Tongtian Rriver and sporadically distributed in hinterland of the source region of the Yangtze River. The north side of Tangula Range in the source region of the Yangtze River and Dari and Maduo counties in the source region of the Yellow River were areas in which NDVI changed with marked decreasing tendency. The NDVI change was980 Journal of Geographical Sciences positively correlated with average temperature, precipitation and shallow ground temperature. Shallow ground temperature had the greatest effect on NDVI change, and the second greatest factor influencing NDVI was average temperature. The correlation between NDVI and shallow ground temperature in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers increased significantly with the depth of soil layer.  相似文献   

17.
Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper. According to the comprehensive analysis of topographical characteristics, climate conditions, vegetation distribution and hydrological features, the source region ranges for eco-environmental study are defined. The eastern boundary point is Dari hydrological station in the upper reach of the Yellow River. The watershed above Dari hydrological station is the source region of the Yellow River which drains an area of 4.49×104 km2. Natural environment is characterized by the major topographical types of plateau lakes and marshland, gentle landforms, alpine cold semi-arid climate, and steppe and meadow vegetation in the source region of the Yellow River. The eastern boundary point is the convergent site of the Nieqiaqu and the Tongtian River in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The watershed above the convergent site is the source region of the Yangtze River, with a watershed area of 12.24×104 km2. Hills and alpine plain topography, gentle terrain, alpine cold arid and semi-arid climate, and alpine cold grassland and meadow are natural conditions in the source region of the Yangtze River.  相似文献   

18.
全球气候变化对黄河流域天然径流量影响的情景分析   总被引:23,自引:6,他引:23  
张光辉 《地理研究》2006,25(2):268-275
本文从干旱指数蒸发率函数出发,以HadCM3 GCM对降水和温度的模拟结果为基础,在IPCC不同发展情景下,分析了未来近100年内黄河流域天然径流量的变化趋势。研究结果表明,在不同气候变化情景下,多年平均年径流量的变化随着区域的不同而有显著差异,其变化幅度在-48.0%203.0%之间。全球气候变化引起的多年平均天然径流量的变化从东向西逐渐减小。就黄河流域而言,20062035年、20362065年、20662095年A2情景下(人口快速增长、经济发展缓慢)多年平均天然径流量的变化量分别为5.0%、11.7%、8.1%,B2情景下(强调社会技术创新)相应的变化分别为7.2%、-3.1%、2.6%。  相似文献   

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