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1.
汾河流域地貌发育对构造运动和气候变化的响应 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
自中更新世中晚期以来，由于构造运动及气候变化，在汾河流域系列盆地中无论是地貌还是沉积都出现了相应的变化。根据对系列盆地中普遍发育的三级冲湖积台地的成因分析，发现发生于0.76MaBP,0.55MaBP及0.13MaBP的3次大幅度区域构造抬升是导致古湖盆湖退，三级台地形成的根源，根据对太原盆地东南边缘的一台地-洪山台地湖积层的分析，发现在相邻两次构造抬升之间的构造相对稳定期，气候变化完全控制着湖盆的演化，由第四纪气候的干湿变化对象太原盆地这样大的湖盆，一般只引起不大于4.5m的湖面升降，与构造抬升引起的湖面变动相差甚大，作为影响河湖地貌发育的2个主导因素，构造运动是主要的，气候变化只是在构造稳定期才突出地显示其影响。 相似文献
2.
黄河三门峡至扣马段的阶地序列及成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对黄河三门峡至扣马段的野外地貌调查, 结合黄土地层学、年代学分析, 发现黄 河在位于豫西断隆的三门峡至孟津段发育至少4 级阶地, 其形成时代由老到新分别为: 0.86 Ma BP、0.62 Ma BP、0.13 Ma BP 和0.05 Ma BP; 在位于华北断坳的孟津至扣马段仅发育 3 级阶地, 形成时代分别为: 1.24 Ma BP、0.25 Ma BP 和0.05 Ma BP。黄河各级阶地的河流 相沉积物顶部都有一层古土壤发育表明, 黄河下切形成阶地的过程发生在古土壤发育的间冰 期, 气候变化对阶地的形成有一定影响, 但是, 黄河流经豫西断隆和华北断坳两个抬升状况 差异较大的构造单元所表现出来的阶地序列和年代的迥然差异则证明了地面抬升也是控制黄 河阶地发育的重要因素。 相似文献
3.
新疆主要尾闾湖演变的构造环境 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
亚洲中部大地构造格局及地貌轮廓均以山盆体系为特征，所有封闭性盆地中都发育有尾闾湖。晚第三纪以来印度大陆与欧亚大陆强烈碰撞和右旋挤压，将板内构造激活并以冲断、走滑方式将早第三纪晚期准平原化的大部分山地和相关地段再次抬升，形成了现代亚洲中部的山盆体系，同时导致了湖盆的形成演化和湖泊的变迁。湖盆演化包括湖盆联合、分解、迁移和变形等。湖泊不仅随湖盆的构造演化而变迁，而且构造对水系的调控也直接影响湖泊的物理、化学、水文和生态特性。亚洲中部尾闾湖在新构造作用下的演变具有区域同步性和地域差异性。许多尾闾湖，如艾丁湖、艾比湖、玛纳斯湖等都明显受活动构造的影响。 相似文献
4.
目前对含大荔人化石的地层年代认识仍存很大争议。采用黄土—古土壤序列定年法广泛调查渭河盆地东北部区域和大荔人化石点附近洛河上下游河段过去的河湖环境演变历史;在此基础上,结合产出大荔人化石的地貌沉积体特征,分析其形成时所处的区域演化阶段及其中含化石的沉积层位堆积年代。结果显示,区域曾在S14、L9、L6、S2、L2和L1SS发育或堆积时期发生过数次古湖湖退或河流下切;含大荔人化石的沉积层是在区域发生于L6晚期的一次湖退后,洛河于出露至气下的古湖湖底上堆积而成的,其堆积时代与S5古土壤发育时代相当,平均年龄约0.55 Ma BP。由该研究结果推论,学界对北京猿人年龄估计的老的年龄框架可能偏年轻。 相似文献
5.
自1954年发现“丁村人”化石至今,“丁村组”的年代长期存在很大争论。通过对S5以来临汾盆地地貌沉积演化过程的研究,揭示出“丁村组”的堆积是在S1早期的一次区域构造抬升引起盆地湖退后才开始发生的,时间距今大约13万年。结合上覆“丁村组”的黄土古土壤分析,发现其堆积结束于距今约5.2万年。“丁村组”的堆积与气下S1古土壤的发育和L1黄土下半段的堆积几乎是同期的,其形成时代横跨了中、晚更新世。 相似文献
6.
天山北麓河流阶地序列及形成年代 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
天山北麓河流阶地序列及其年代一直是悬而未决的问题。根据详细的野外工作, 确定天山北麓发育7 级河流阶地, 其中T7、T6、T5 及T2 等主要阶地为河流切割先期冲积扇而形 成, 与4 级阶地对应的4 期冲积扇分别为F1、F2、F3 与F4。由于天山北麓构造隆升向盆地方 向迁移, 冲积扇呈串珠状发育, 背斜带间发育的冲积扇平面形态则由于南北背斜的限制而变 得不规则。基于黄土-古土壤序列对比分析、ESR 与OSL 测年以及前人研究成果, 确定天山 北麓河流下切形成T7、T6、T5 及T2 等阶地的时间分别为约0.54 Ma BP、0.3~0.2 Ma BP、 28~8 ka BP 和全新世早期。阶地年代表明, 天山北麓3 级主要阶地T7、T6、T5 及对应冲积扇 发育与天山更新世3 个冰期间冰期旋回基本对应。 相似文献
7.
《地理学报》2015,70(1)
在对汉江上游河谷进行野外考察的基础上,就郧县盆地汉江Ⅰ级阶地及其风成黄土-古土壤覆盖层沉积学和理化性质进行了研究,并且采用OSL方法进行了测年断代.获得了26个OSL年龄数据,证实厚层风成黄土L1底部的年龄在25 ka BP,而剖面底部风成黄土-冲积砂层交互层(T1-al2)年龄范围在55-25 ka BP之间.地层年龄说明Ⅰ级阶地上黄土的堆积过程基本连续,汉江Ⅰ级阶地的发展经历了早期新构造抬升与河流下切阶段(55-25 ka BP)和晚期阶地面稳定接受沉积(25-0 ka BP)两个阶段.距今55 ka BP前后,新构造运动抬升和汉江下切作用加剧,河漫滩相沉积层开始脱离水面并接受风尘堆积物.这个过程持续到距今约25 ka BP,期间河水不时地淹没阶地面,从而形成了风成黄土-冲积砂交互的沉积学特征.距今约25 ka BP以来,河水不再淹没阶地,汉江Ⅰ级阶地最终形成,阶地面开始接受连续的风尘堆积.在汉江下切作用加剧的同时,全球性末次冰期的发展也逐步进入冰盛期,风尘活动强烈,在阶地表面堆积形成了厚层黄土.汉江Ⅰ级阶地形成以来,气候的变化使黄土覆盖层受到不同程度的风化成壤改造,形成了黄土-古土壤地层,其地层序列从下向上依次为:河流相砂卵石层(T1-al1)→黄土-冲积砂互层(T1-al2)→马兰黄土(L1)→过渡黄土(L1)→古土壤(S0)→近代黄土(L0)→表土(MS).这个层序记录汉江上游流域自从25 ka BP以来的气候变化经历末次冰期后东南季风逐渐加强、中全新世季风强盛、晚全新世季风衰退和气候变干的演变模式. 相似文献
8.
东南极内部发育毛德和普里兹两条新元古代晚期-早古生代(泛非期)造山带,这两条造山带中均发育大量同-后构造花岗岩类。本文系统总结了以往东南极泛非期花岗岩类的岩石学、地球化学和年代学方面的研究成果,对不同地区岩体的岩石类型、岩浆源区及形成的构造环境进行了对比研究。结果表明：除南龙达讷山为I型花岗岩外,大部分花岗岩类表现出与碰撞造山作用相关的A型(或S型)花岗岩的特征。泛非期岩浆作用与区域高级变质作用的时代吻合(600-500 Ma)。两条造山带中泛非期岩浆作用与碰撞后岩石圈减薄、岩浆底侵以及上地壳的伸展垮塌相联系,均具有碰撞造山带的构造演化特点。所以,冈瓦纳超大陆的形成很可能是通过西冈瓦纳、印度－南极陆块和澳大利亚－南极陆块等三个陆块沿着两条造山带(毛德造山带和普里兹造山带)近于同期发生拼合碰撞的结果。 相似文献
9.
浙江江郎山丹霞地貌发育的年代与成因 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
江郎山位于华南褶皱系、江山-绍兴深断裂和保安-峡口-张村断裂带之间.白垩纪早期这两大断裂的拉张断陷导致峡口盆地的形成,随之主要有下白垩统永康群馆头组(K1g)、朝川组(K1c)和方岩组(K1f)在盆地中的沉积.白垩纪晚期上述两大断裂发生强烈挤压活动,峡口盆地逐渐隆升.新生代以来,峡口盆地在构造抬升中,产生大量张断裂和节理,加速了对岩体的切割,以及岩体被切割后的崩塌,导致了丹霞地貌的发育.江郎山丹霞地貌申报世界自然遗产的主要依据是其特有的壮观而独特的老年期孤峰-巷谷以及生动而逼真的象形石丹霞地貌特征、独特的地台活化现象与重要的岩石学科学研究意义以及该区特有的重要事件地层学和古生物学研究的科学意义.本文根据对江郎山亚峰垂直贯穿于丹霞地貌岩层永康群中辉绿岩脉标本K-Ar法的测年,揭示了当地峡口红层盆地抬升的时代为晚白垩世77.89±2.6Ma BP(K2),这也是我国目前丹霞地貌研究中所测得的可靠年代学数据. 相似文献
10.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(11)
There are a series of basins in the Fenwei Graben.Field survey found that there took place several paleolake regressions or intensive stream down-incisions in all basins during the Mid-Late Quaternary.The lowest and oldest paleosol/loess units overlying three of the lacustrine terraces or alluvial ones and some paleomagenetism data from the lacustrine sediment indicate that the onset times of three paleolake regressions or intensive stream down-incisions are synchronous with the formation of L_9,L_6 and L_2 respectively in the Weihe Basin,S_8,S_5 and S_1 respectively in the Linfen-Taiyuan-Xingding Basins,and L_8,L_5 and L_1 respectively in the Datong Basin.The difference in the onset time of each lake regressions or intensive stream down-incision in different basins reveals that the farther the basin is from the Tibetan Plateau,the later it took place.Taking these field facts and the former research results in terms of the regional tectonic movement into account,it is inferred that the tectonic movement of the Tibetan Plateau most probably controlled such geomorphological-sedimentary evolution in the graben. 相似文献
11.
西峰与段家坡黄土剖面中有机质的特征及古环境信息 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
对甘肃西峰（X）黄土剖面L1－L6共163个样品进行总有机碳（TOC）和R ock-Eval热解分析，对比分析了西峰和陕西段家坡（D)剖面L5－S5－1层段及其中趋磁细菌的正烷烃与脂肪酸组成，结果显示西峰剖面的TOC与磁化率呈良好的对数关系，两个剖面L5－S5－1层段正烷烃和脂肪酸的分布表明，黄土地区当时古气候偏干冷，黄土高原由西北而东南，古气候呈变暖趋势，西峰剖面从S5－1形成到L5堆积，其古湿度可能有一个突变，即古气候由较湿润突然转变为极干燥，而段家坡地区当时的气候变化则可能较为缓和。 相似文献
12.
There are a series of basins in the Fenwei Graben. Field survey found that there took place several paleolake regressions or intensive stream down-incisions in all basins during the Mid-Late Quaternary. The lowest and oldest paleosol/loess units overlying three of the lacustrine terraces or alluvial ones and some paleomagenetism data from the lacustrine sediment indicate that the onset times of three paleolake regressions or intensive stream down-incisions are synchronous with the formation of L9, L6 and L2 respectively in the Weihe Basin, S8, S5 and S1 respectively in the Linfen-Taiyuan-Xingding Basins, and L8, L5 and L1 respectively in the Datong Basin. The difference in the onset time of each lake regressions or intensive stream down-incision in different basins reveals that the farther the basin is from the Tibetan Plateau, the later it took place. Taking these field facts and the former research results in terms of the regional tectonic movement into account, it is inferred that the tectonic movement of the Tibetan Plateau most probably controlled such geomorphologicalsedimentary evolution in the graben. 相似文献
13.
Tectonic movements and climate changes are two main controllers on the development of landform. In order to reconstruct the history of the evolution of the landform in the Fenhe drainage basin during middle-late Quaternary comprehensively, this paper has provided a variety of geomorphological and geologic evidences to discuss how tectonic movements and climate changes worked together to influence the landform processes. According to the features of the lacustrine and alluvial terraces in this drainage basin, it is deduced that it was the three tectonic uplifts that resulted in the three great lake-regressions with an extent of about 40-60 m and the formation of the three lacustrine terraces. The times when the tectonic uplifts took place are 0.76 MaBP, 0.55 MaBP and 0.13 MaBP respectively, synchronous with the formation of paleosol units S8, S5 and S1 respectively. During the intervals between two tectonic uplifts when tectonic movement was very weak, climate changes played a major role in the evolution of the paleolakes and caused frequent fluctuations of lake levels. The changes of the features of lacustrine sediment in the grabens show the extent of such fluctuations of lake level is about 2-3 m. 相似文献
14.
Tectonic movements and climate changes are two main controllers on the development of landfrorm.In order to reconstruct the history of the evolution of the landform in the Fenhe drainage basin during middle-late Quaternary comprehensively,this paper has provided a variety of geomorphological and geologic evidences to discuss how tetonic movements and climate changes worked together to influence the landform processes,According to the features of the lacustrine and alluvial terraces in this drainage basin,it is deduced that it was the three tectonic uplifts that resulted in the three great lake-regressions with an extent of about 40-60 m and the formation of the three lacustrine terraces.The times when the tectonic uplifts took place are 0.76 MaBP,0.55 MaBP and 0.13 MaBP respectively,synchronous with the formation of paleosol units S8,S5 and S1 respectively.During the intervals between two tectonic uplifts when tectonic movement was very weak ,climate changes played a major role in the evolution of the paleolakes and caused frequent fluctuations of lake levels.The changes of the features of lacustrine sediment in the grabens show the extent of such fluctuations of lake level is about 2-3m. 相似文献
15.
16.
Mapping in the Galweda-Elayu area of northern Somalia has revealed depositional and erosional marine terraces at elevations of approximately 16 m, 8 m, and 2 m. These terraces vary from 0–2300 m, 200–2200 m, and 0–800 m in width, respectively. Sediments exposed in stream-valley walls demonstrate that the two higher terraces were formed by marine transgressions followed later by regressions to below present sea level. Beach ridges on the terraced alluvial fan at the mouth of togga Galweda imply that sea level and/or land elevation varied by at least 6 m during the formation of the 16-m terrace and by at least 3 m during the formation of the 8-m terrace. 230Th/234U ages of corals suggest that the 8-m terrace was formed during deep-sea isotope substage 5c (105 kyr B.P.) and the 2-m terrace during substage 5a (80 kyr B.P.). A 7-kyr-old coral from above the present storm beach on the outer flanks of the 2-m terrace suggests that sea level in the Gulf of Aden was close to its present level by the middle Holocene. No material suitable for dating was recovered from the 16-m terrace, but on morphological grounds and based on marine-terrace elevations elsewhere in the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift zone, we believe that the 16-m terrace was formed during isotope substage 5e (132–120 kyr B.P.), when global sea level was about 6 m above present. 相似文献
17.
湖北江汉盆地潜江凹陷深层地下卤水水文地球化学研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
潜江凹陷是我国东部的一较大型油盐沉积盆地．凹陷内的Ｑ组（渐新统）含盐系地层是一套内陆盐湖相沉积，其中不仅蕴藏着丰富的石油和固体盐类，而且卤水资源也十分丰富．卤水为高矿化度、高ＳＯ含量、低Ｃａ（２＋）、Ｍｇ（２＋）含量的硫酸盐型陆相古盐湖沉积卤水．卤水的ｐＨ值平均为５．６６，总矿化度平均为２８３．２５克／升．水盐体系主要为Ｎａ，Ｋ／／Ｃｌ，ＳＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ，古卤水水化学类型为Ｎａ２ＳＯ４亚型．卤水中含近２８种化学成分，ＳＯ的平均含量达９６６５．８毫克／升，Ｃａ（２＋）和Ｍｇ（２＋）的平均含量才分别为８９９．４毫克／升和１７３．８毫克／升．Ｋ、Ｂ、Ｌｉ、Ｂｒ、Ｉ等的含量较大，Ｋ、Ｂ、Ｌｉ的含量随Ｃｌ浓度的增加而增加，Ｂｒ、Ｉ的含量随矿化度的增加而增加，随ＳＯ浓度的增加而减少．卤水中绝大多数离子的含量在沉积盆地浓缩中心区大，在理深较大的第四、五、六水层高． 相似文献
18.
Hugo Campos Doris Soto Oscar Parra Wladimir Steffen Gloria Aguero 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(4):301-314
Amarga Lagoon, lat. 50°29 S and long. 73°45 S, it is located at the Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. The physical, chemical, and biological features of the lake were studied. According to salinity, the lake is mesosaline. Sodium and chloride were the dominant ions. Nitrogen was potentially limiting for phytoplankton growth. One Cyanophyceae species andArtemia were the predominant species in the plankton.Artemia provided abundant food for flamingoes. 相似文献