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1.
近期长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
圆陀角位于长江北支岸线与江苏海岸线的交会处,独特的互花米草潮滩、淤泥质光滩环境和复杂的河海沉积动力,决定了潮滩地貌对海洋环境变化的响应具有敏感性。由于大规模的围垦,圆陀角附近过去40年来海岸线向东推进了6km。根据2006年以来多次的野外调查和室内粒度与钻孔岩芯的137Cs分析, 2006年以来圆陀角附近潮滩淤积明显加强,由137Cs时标估算的互花米草滩多年平均沉积速率为2.3cm/a, 2006~2008年观测到的互花米草滩淤积速率>4cm/a,粉砂淤泥质光滩的淤积速率更高;圆陀角风景区内互花米草滩前缘陡坎在风暴潮影响下侵蚀后退,并因粉砂淤泥质光滩的快速淤长而消亡,圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态是对人类围垦活动、风暴潮与潮汐海洋动力的综合响应,互花米草与光滩快速淤积是近期圆陀角附近潮滩地貌演化的主要特点。 相似文献
2.
人类活动对苏北潮滩发育的影响 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9
江苏北部潮滩宽阔而平坦,历史上就是人类活动比较频繁的地区。随着对潮滩开发利用强度和深度的增加,人类对潮滩发育的影响越来越显著。潮滩剖面自然发育的均衡形态为上凸型;潮滩被围垦并建堤后,改变了原有的水沙动态平衡关系,潮滩剖面形态发生了调整,海堤附近的潮水沟则不断被淤积。大米草和互花米草等植被的引种改变了潮滩生态结构,由于植被能降低水流流速和波浪能量,起到捕捉沉积物的作用,因此能增加潮间带滩面的淤积速率,改变潮滩分带结构;此外,植被的存在还影响到滩面潮水沟的形态。港口工程的建设改变了沉积物的输运方向。 相似文献
3.
互花米草引种对苏北潮滩湿地 TOC 、TN和TP分布的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分析了TOC、TN和TP在苏北潮滩湿地不同生态带沉积物和植被中的分布状况,结果表明:TOC和TN的水平和垂向平均含量以互花米草滩为最高,其次分别为盐蒿滩、芦苇滩和光滩。TP的平均含量以光滩为最高,依次由海向陆逐渐减小。在生物量最大期间(秋季),单位面积上互花米草体内TOC、TN和TP的累积量远大于盐蒿和芦苇。互花米草主要通过以下4个方面对研究区潮滩湿地TOC、TN和TP的分布产生影响:(1)互花米草滩面较高的沉积速率;(2)互花米草对整个潮滩湿地不同植被分布格局的改变;(3)互花米草有着高生产力以及巨大的地下生物量;(4)互花米草的生长特性使其在生长过程中对磷的需求量很大。 相似文献
4.
通过对乌兰泡沼泽沉积物柱芯样品进行210Pb、137Cs测年分析表明,柱芯剖面上有明显的1963年及1975年137Cs蓄积峰,这些蓄积峰对乌兰泡沼泽的现代沉积有明显的时标意义。根据210PbCRS模式,可以计算出每个样品深度所对应的年代,在该沉积柱芯中与137Cs时标吻合很好。通过质量深度与年代分析,乌兰泡的沉积速率并不稳定,变化比较大,表明乌兰泡近200年来沉积环境不稳定。210Pb、137Cs两种计年方法的结合有助于认识沉积速率变化较大的沼泽的沉积状况,也有助于加深对核素计年方法的理解。 相似文献
5.
137Cs和210Pb测年的青海湖西北沉积速率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对沉积物柱样1,2的137Cs和210Pb定年分析,这两个样品137Cs最大蓄积峰值出现的年份分别为1963年和1986年。利用沉积物中137Cs蓄积峰,计算沉积物的深度沉积速率分别为0.153 1 cm·a-1、0.153 8 cm·a-1,计算出的质量堆积速率分别为0.048 4 g·a-1·cm-2、0.048 2 g·a-1·cm-2。210Pb计算出的两个柱样的沉积速率分别为0.052 0 g·a-1·cm-2,0.051 4 g·a-1·cm-2,137Cs和210Pb计算出的沉积速率,结果较为一致。由此可见,利用137Cs和210Pb综合定年,相互印证,可以消除一些偶然因素带来的定年偏差,进而较准确地计算湖泊沉积速率,这对研究青海湖近现代环境变化具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
6.
盐沼前缘陡坎是潮滩环境中盐沼与粉砂—淤泥质光滩交界处的独特地貌形态,研究其形成过程与机理有助于理解盐沼湿地对潮滩发育及其稳定性的影响。根据江苏中部海岸盐城自然保护区核心岸段互花米草盐沼前缘陡坎形态参数（凹槽长度、凹槽宽度和陡坎高度）的分析,发现不同的形态参数组合对应于不同的陡坎演化阶段。根据陡坎形态特征差异,可将盐沼前缘陡坎韵律性形态发育过程分为三个阶段,而这三阶段的交替旋回过程与近岸波向的季节性变化有关。陡坎处的地貌特征与前缘光滩的沉积物特征表明陡坎形态特征形成与波浪作用有关,且显著的陡坎韵律性形态能够部分地应用边缘波理论来解释。 相似文献
7.
王港潮滩重金属Pb 、Zn和Cu积累 规律及污染评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对15年来王港潮滩重金属Pb 、Zn、Cu积累规律和污染状况进行了研究,第一次测到了王港地区210Pb的本底值为1.16dpm/g,校正了前人对王港地区沉积速率的研究。研究表明,王港潮滩现代平均沉积速率为4.13cm/a;王港潮滩重金属垂直方向的含量变化具有趋同性; Cu、Zn的归一化值在15年内相对Pb的归一化值稳定,其中Cu的波动范围在0.4~2之间,Zn在1.5~2.6之间狭小的范围内波动;Pb归一化以后在4个柱状样中,都表现出随时间的变化发生了较大的波动,可能受人类活动影响较大。采用瑞典科学家Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对王港潮滩重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评价分析,并与单因子指数评价比较,对王港污染状况进行综合性的评价。结果显示,Pb为该区域的主要污染因子。王港近岸海域表层沉积物中Cｕ 、Pｂ、Zn的潜在生态危害指数均小于95,总体王港潮滩重金属污染状况属于潜在轻微生态危害。 相似文献
8.
杭州湾南岸互花米草生物海岸表层沉积物粒度分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
互花米草盐沼可显著改变潮滩的水动力条件、沉积特征和地貌演化过程。分析杭州湾南岸互花米草滩内外表层沉积物的粒度特征,互花米草生物海岸沉积物包括粘土质粉砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂4类,由东向西各断面草滩内、外沉积物中值粒径逐渐变粗,分选性变好;从低潮滩向高潮滩沉积物的中值粒径Φ值增大,分选性变差。互花米草滩外边界处形成沉积物中值粒径及分选系数的突变点。杭州湾南岸生物海岸表层沉积物以跃移质为主,悬移质次之,推移质最少;由海向岸悬移质、跃移质和推移质均有变细趋势。 相似文献
9.
互花米草盐沼潮沟地貌特征 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
互花米草是我国从国外引进的能在淤泥质潮滩的高潮带下部和中潮带上部生长的禾木科植物,由于其植株高大、群落盖度高、根系发达等生物学特性,其对潮流动力特征有显著的影响。本文通过对江苏省东台市笆斗垦区外互花米草盐沼地的潮沟形态调查,发现互花米草盐沼潮沟具有以下一些特征:潮沟密度大,可达50km/km2以上;潮沟的宽深比小,大多在8以下;沿岸堤发育,且多呈不对称状;一级主潮沟与主潮沟接头处普遍呈逆弧形;盐沼外侧边缘发育有明显的陡坎冲沟。分析认为这些特征主要与互花米草发达的根系和致密的植株等生物学特性有关,发达的根系增加了盐沼滩面的稳定性,而互花米草高大的植株增加了对潮水运动的阻力,提高了滩面落潮水的归槽水位,改变了潮流的泥沙沉积地点和涨、落潮流的流向,从而形成比较特别的互花米草盐沼潮沟特征。 相似文献
10.
互花米草在闽江河口鳝鱼滩湿地中潮滩的入侵及快速扩张,已严重威胁到鳝鱼滩湿地的生物多样性及土著种沼泽植物生态系统的结构与功能。为了从植物光合速率的角度分析互花米草入侵及快速扩张的生理生态学机制,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用仪测定了互花米草与土著种芦苇的光合速率日进程及光合光响应曲线。结果表明,互花米草净光合速率的日均值与最大值均大于芦苇,互花米草可积累更多的光合作用产物,使其具有更快的生长速率和初级生产力。根据两种植物的光合光响应曲线可以看出,互花米草利用光合有效辐射的能力更强,显示出互花米草的高适应性。 相似文献
11.
Coastal salt-marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. The total area of coastal wetlands exceeds 5000 km2 in Jiangsu Province, China, but it is decreasing rapidly in response to the intense reclamation activities and coastal erosion along a part of the coastline. Hence, two types of plants, Spartina angelica and Spartina alterniflora, were introduced successively into the Jiangsu coastal areas, in order to protect the coastline from erosion and to increase the accumulation rate. Pb-210 and Cs-137 analyses were carried out for sediment samples from the salt-marshes of Wanggang to determine the sedimentation rate, on the basis of an evaluation of the background activity values and the factors affecting the enrichment of Pb-210. Analysis of a typical sediment column of the tidal flat shows that there is weak absorption of Pb-210 in the silt-dominated sediment. Because of the influences of factors such as storm events, bioturbation, material sources and analytical error, some abnormal data points appear in the Pb-210 record. After ignoring these data the calculated sedimentation rate was 3.3 cm yr-1 on average. Based upon analysis of the Cs-137 dating, the rate since 1963 was 3.1 cm yr-1 on average, similar to the data by Pb-210 dating and the previous studies. The dating results show that there were three stages of sedimentation, with the most rapid accretion being taking place after Spartina angelica was introduced into the area. The study also shows that at the stage of Spartina alterniflora growth, the accretion rate was higher than on the flat surface with the same elevation without the cover of this plant. 相似文献
12.
Sedimentation rates in the Wanggang salt marshes, Jiangsu 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANGAijun GAOShu JIAJianjun PANShaoming 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(2):199-209
1 IntroductionLand-ocean interaction in coastalzone is one of the key m atters of the International G eosphereand Biosphere Program (IG BP). The key problem s of the second phase in the next decadeinclude the m aterial cycle, the system evolution process … 相似文献
13.
Coastal salt-marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. The total area of coastal wetlands exceeds 5000 km2 in Jiangsu Province, China, but it is decreasing rapidly in response to the intense reclamation activities and coastal erosion along a part of the coastline. Hence, two types of plants, Spartina angelica and Spartina alterniflora, were introduced successively into the Jiangsu coastal areas, in order to protect the coastline from erosion and to increase the accumulation rate. Pb-210 and Cs-137 analyses were carried out for sediment samples from the salt-marshes of Wanggang to determine the sedimentation rate, on the basis of an evaluation of the background activity values and the factors affecting the enrichment of Pb-210. Analysis of a typical sediment column of the tidal flat shows that there is weak absorption of Pb-210 in the silt-dominated sediment. Because of the influences of factors such as storm events, bioturbation, material sources and analytical error, some abnormal data points appear in the Pb-210 record. After ignoring these data the calculated sedimentation rate was 3.3 cm yr-1 on average. Based upon analysis of the Cs-137 dating, the rate since 1963 was 3.1 cm yr-1 on average, similar to the data by Pb-210 dating and the previous studies. The dating results show that there were three stages of sedimentation, with the most rapid accretion being taking place after Spartina angelica was introduced into the area. The study also shows that at the stage of Spartina alterniflora growth, the accretion rate was higher than on the flat surface with the same elevation without the cover of this plant. 相似文献
14.
Seven cores were collected from different sediment zones of tidal flats at Xinyanggang in north Jiangsu province in August 2007. Sediment grain-size distribution and radioisotopes of 137Cs and 210Pb analysis were carried out for these cores. Sediment rates of the cores and radioisotopes distribution in surface sediment in different zones of the tidal flat were calculated from the 137Cs and 210Pb activities in sediments cores. The results indicated that each tidal zone had experienced different evolution phases, hydrological dynamics in the tidal flats made the grain-size of the surface sediment change gradually. 137Cs and 210Pb activities on the superficial layer of the cores varied spatially and the reason was discussed. On tidal flats, the fluctuation of 137Cs and 210Pb activities in the cores reflected the special sedimentary characteristics. Vegetation affects the grain-size distribution and the vertical profiles of 137Cs and 210Pb in the upper depths. 137Cs and 210Pb chronology got the comparable average sediment rates on the tidal flat. The characteristics of 137Cs and 210Pb in the cores reflected various depositional dynamical environments in different tidal zones and gave information on the different evolvement phases of the tidal zones. Based on the information of grain-size distribution, texture of the cores, sediment rates and topography, the evolution lines of the tidal flat were reconstructed. 相似文献
15.
江苏北部潮滩沉积物中~(137)Cs和~(210)pb的分布特征(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seven cores were collected from different sediment zones of tidal flats at Xin-yanggang in north Jiangsu province in August 2007. Sediment grain-size distribution and radioisotopes of ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb analysis were carried out for these cores. Sediment rates of the cores and radioisotopes distribution in surface sediment in different zones of the tidal flat were calculated from the ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb activities in sediments cores. The results indicated that each tidal zone had experienced different evolution phases, hydrological dynamics in the tidal flats made the grain-size of the surface sediment change gradually. ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb activities on the superficial layer of the cores varied spatially and the reason was discussed. On tidal flats, the fluctuation of ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb activities in the cores reflected the special sedimentary characteristics. Vegetation affects the grain-size distribution and the vertical profiles of ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb in the upper depths. ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb chronology got the comparable average sediment rates on the tidal flat. The characteristics of ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb in the cores reflected various depositional dynamical environments in different tidal zones and gave information on the different evolvement phases of the tidal zones. Based on the information of grain-size distribution, texture of the cores, sediment rates and topography, the evolution lines of the tidal flat were reconstructed. 相似文献
16.
J.M. Abril 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(4):407-414
210Pb geochronologies should be validated with independent tracers such as 137Cs. In the cases with constant 210Pb activity in the topmost sediments, the presence of a distinct 137Cs peak within the 210Pb plateau has been used as a definitive demonstration of acceleration (increase in the sedimentation rate in recent years) versus fast mixing. Nevertheless, some limitations can be identified in the use of semiquantitative arguments, and a global understanding of the whole 137Cs activity profile is then required. Particularly, the incomplete mixing within the top sediment zone (described through the Incomplete Mixing Zone model) can explain quantitatively and simultaneously the 137Cs peak and the flattening in the 210Pb activity profile. This is demonstrated using selected examples from literature data. Thus, measured constant 210Pb activities in the top 6 cm of a sediment core from Lake Zürich. Nevertheless, they found 7Be only in the uppermost layer, the distinct 137Cs maximum at 6 cm depth, and undisturbed varves. The fast mixing seemed then opposed to common sense. The constant rate of supply model shows acceleration and it adequately matches the position of the 1963 137Cs peak. Nevertheless it fails to explain the whole 137Cs profile when handling time series of 137Cs atmospheric deposition. Finally, it is shown how the incomplete mixing of the activity (through the pore water) over a certain mass depth at the top sediment, with a finite value of the mixing coefficient, can quantitatively explain the whole activity versus mass depth profiles of 137Cs and 210Pb, and the presence of 7Be only in the uppermost sediment layer. A further validation of these ideas is presented from other literature data. 相似文献
17.
对福州盆地鳌峰洲残留沼泽沉积540 cm的FZ1钻孔进行了元素地球化学和137Cs以及加速器碳同位素（AMS 14C）测年。结果表明：钻孔存在2段不同的沉积环境,下部为洪冲积,上部为沼泽沉积,然而2段各自的沉积环境则相当稳定。137Cs测试在沼泽相稳定沉积出现的3个蓄积峰与北半球的放射性年代标尺可以对比。根据蓄积峰年代和插值后获得的钻孔底部年龄约为公元1950年,与钻孔底部的AMS 14C测年基本吻合,该结果表明采用137Cs测年方法定年是可行的。沉积速率研究揭示：20世纪50年代初至60年代中,近代洪冲积在福州盆地断块下沉区沉积速率极快,钻孔下部粉砂质淤泥的沉积速率达到20.9 cm/a;随着闽江下游盆地平原与河流变迁以及心滩的形成,原来的水道快速淤积演变为陆地沼泽环境,沉积速率开始逐步减小：20世纪60―70年代中降为9.9 cm/a,70―80年代中继续下降为7.1 cm/a,80年代中之后降为3.1 cm/a。福州盆地中心区的高沉积速率与全新世断块差异性活动存在着密切关系。 相似文献
18.
Seven cores were collected from different sediment zones of tidal flats at Xinyanggang in north Jiangsu province in August
2007. Sediment grain-size distribution and radioisotopes of 137Cs and 210Pb analysis were carried out for these cores. Sediment rates of the cores and radioisotopes distribution in surface sediment
in different zones of the tidal flat were calculated from the 137Cs and 210Pb activities in sediments cores. The results indicated that each tidal zone had experienced different evolution phases, hydrological
dynamics in the tidal flats made the grain-size of the surface sediment change gradually. 137Cs and 210Pb activities on the superficial layer of the cores varied spatially and the reason was discussed. On tidal flats, the fluctuation
of 137Cs and 210Pb activities in the cores reflected the special sedimentary characteristics. Vegetation affects the grain-size distribution
and the vertical profiles of 137Cs and 210Pb in the upper depths. 137Cs and 210Pb chronology got the comparable average sediment rates on the tidal flat. The characteristics of 137Cs and 210Pb in the cores reflected various depositional dynamical environments in different tidal zones and gave information on the
different evolvement phases of the tidal zones. Based on the information of grain-size distribution, texture of the cores,
sediment rates and topography, the evolution lines of the tidal flat were reconstructed. 相似文献
19.
A. Laissaoui M. Benmansour N. Ziad M. Ibn Majah J. M. Abril S. Mulsow 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(3):823-833
Global fallout is the main source of anthropogenic radionuclides in the Mediterranean Sea. This work presents 137Cs, 239+240Pu and 241Am concentrations in the water column in the southwest Alboran Sea, which was sampled in December 1999. A sediment core was
taken at 800 m depth in the area (35°47′ N, 04°48′ W). 210Pb, 226Ra, 137Cs and 239+240Pu specific activities were measured at multiple depths in the core for dating purposes. 137Cs and 239+240Pu profiles did not show defined peaks that could be used as time markers, and they extended up to depths for which the 210Pb-based constant rate of supply (CRS) dating model provided inconsistent dates. These profiles can be useful to test dating
models, understood as particular solutions of a general advection–diffusion problem, if the time series of radionuclide inputs
into the sediment is provided. Thus, historical records of depth-averaged 137Cs and 239+240Pu concentrations in water, and their corresponding fluxes into the sediment, were reconstructed. A simple water-column model
was used for this purpose, involving atmospheric fallout, measured distribution coefficient (k
d) values, and a first-estimate of sedimentation rates. A dating model of constant mixing with constant sedimentation rate
was applied successfully to three independent records (unsupported 210Pb, 137Cs and 239+240Pu), and provided the objective determination of mixing parameters and mass sedimentation rate. These results provide some
insight into the fate of atmospheric inputs to this marine environment and, particularly, into the contribution from the Chernobyl
accident. 相似文献
20.
James P. Terry Rajeev Lal Sitaram Garimella 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(1):102-114
Low‐energy gamma ray spectroscopy has been employed to estimate floodplain sedimentation rates using measurements of 210Pb in floodplain alluvium. The utility of the technique is assessed through the analysis of excess (unsupported) 210Pb profiles in three sediment cores taken from the floodplain of the Labasa River on Vanua Levu in northern Fiji. A low‐energy germanium spectrometer (LEGe) was used for the nondestructive determination of excess 210Pb in a region cultivated intensively with sugarcane. Measured average historical (c. 25 years) vertical accretion rates are between 2.2 and 4.4 cm yr?1. The findings are broadly comparable with published sedimentation rates from analyses of radionuclide profiles elsewhere in the tropical South Pacific Islands, but the rates are higher than those measured previously at the same Labasa River sites using 137Cs profiles. Accelerated soil erosion owing to cane burning and land tillage seems to be largely responsible for sediment production, although flood‐related effects such as channel accretion by coarse bedload and the emplacement of large organic debris also influence floodplain sedimentation. However, application of the 210Pb technique in Fiji (and perhaps neighbouring island countries) is found to have serious drawbacks compared to the more robust 137Cs method, owing principally to the low 210Pb concentrations in the sandy alluvial sediment tested. 相似文献