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1.
《干旱区地理》2021,44(4):889-896
近年来,随着气候变化,伊犁河谷积雪消融加快,极端水文事件的频度和强度也在加大。通过利用中国科学院天山积雪站附近小流域的土壤水热和积雪融雪观测数据,对研究区积雪消融规律、冻土水热变化特征及其对气温和融雪量的响应进行了分析。结果表明:在冻土融解阶段,土壤温度的变化依赖大气温度的变化,而土壤水分受融雪量和气温的影响较大,高度相关。表层土壤含水率的变幅最大,而深层土壤水分值较稳定,土壤水热的季节性变化自秋-冬-春大致呈现"下降-平稳-上升"的趋势。在冻土层上边界,土壤含水率随着累积融雪量的增加而增加并达到饱和值,而冻土层下边界(40 cm深度)土壤水分保持非饱和稳定状态。在山区,降雪量是水资源形成的主要来源。融雪量与大气温度的相关性显著(系数为0.785),融雪量对水资源形成的贡献率为40%左右。研究冻土水热对融雪和气温的响应过程,对于新疆水资源形成机理、转化利用以及洪水预报具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
2.
东北冻土区MODIS地表温度估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地理研究》2017,(11)
地表温度作为重要的地表参数是驱动土壤热状态的主要因子,对冻土分布和活动层厚度变化的研究具有重要意义。常规方式获取地表温度数据往往来自气象站点监测,范围小且不连续。NASA官网提供的MOD11A1地表温度产品可以提供大范围地表温度数据,但在冬季由于对云与雪的混淆导致大量的数据缺失,影响该产品在东北冻土区的使用。根据对东北冻土区植被、裸土、水体、积雪等常见下垫面状况的遥感分类结果,利用劈窗算法反演2006年四幅少云或无云的MODIS1B卫星影像,并分别以气象站实测数据和MODIS温度产品进行验证和对比分析。结果表明:该方法得到地表温度结果与气象站点实测数据误差较小,平均绝对误差仅为1.24℃。且可根据分类情况较好的得到积雪区域地表温度的空间分布状况,与地表温度产品的一致性较高,弥补地表温度产品因为云和积雪的混淆所导致的数据缺失,得到较为完整的地表温度空间分布数据。 相似文献
3.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2006,(4)
沙漠化及其防治S152.72006043203古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄水分动态:兼论积雪融化和冻土变化对沙丘水分分异作用=VariationpatternofsoilwatercontentinlongitudinalduneinthesouthernpartofGurban-tunggutDesert:howsnowmeltandfrozensoilchangeaffectthesoilmoisture/王雪芹, 相似文献
4.
青藏高原风火山地区冻土变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于对多年来风火山地区的多年冻土资料,研究了天然地区和路基下的冻土上限变化情况以及多年冻土的融化状态,并定量分析了进入多年冻土内的热状况。结果表明：风火山地区从20世纪70年代到90年代中期冻土上限下降,冻土出现退化现象,从90年代至今冻土趋于稳定；路基近地表地温明显高于对应天然地表下的地温,路基近地表经历的融化期长于对应天然地表,进入多年冻土区的热收支也呈现出吸热明显大于放热的周期性变化,进入多年冻土的热积累暂时以增高地温耗热为主,但随着冻土吸热量的逐年积累、冻土温度的不断升高,本区冻土可能发生强烈融化。 相似文献
5.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2004,(1)
P642.14 2004010135热棒技术加强高原冻土区路基热稳定性的应用研究二仰-plieation of thennal probe to enhanee themlal stabilityof咖d-bed in plateau pern飞afrost~播卫东,赵肃营…//冰川冻土一2003,25(4)一433一438 介绍了青藏高原多年冻土区内某试验路基中使用热棒的一些基本情况,分析了热棒的工作状态和制冷作用半径,并针对不同的气候情况对路基本体和路基基底的地温场分布状况变化进行了对比分析,结果发现,使用热棒后经过la时间,路基基底的冷储量得到了显著的增加,在路基工程中使用热棒保护冻土和增强路基热稳定性是成功有效的,图… 相似文献
6.
古尔班通古特沙漠积雪覆盖、沙尘天气特征及其相互关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用TERRA/MODIS MOD10A2雪盖产品数据和地面观测积雪日数、冻土深度和沙尘天气日数等数据,从不同时间尺度分析古尔班通古特沙漠地表积雪覆盖与沙尘天气的特征及其相互关系。结果表明:①沙尘天气主要发生在4—10月,春季（4—5月）沙尘天气最多,夏秋季逐渐减少。从年际变化看,20世纪80年代前,沙尘天气发生日数呈逐年增加趋势,而积雪日数增减波动较大,二者间关系不明显,80年代后,沙尘天气逐年减少,积雪日数呈波动增加趋势。②冬春季积雪覆盖率、≥1 cm积雪日数、≥5 cm积雪日数、≥10 cm积雪日数与翌年春季沙尘天气发生均呈显著负相关关系,冬春季≥1 cm积雪日数每超过常年平均积雪日数1 d,翌年春季沙尘天气日数则减少4.3 d,而平均冻土深度与沙尘天气呈显著正相关关系。③积雪覆盖使沙漠地表形成冷源性下垫面和近地层逆温层结,增加了大气稳定度,同时春季积雪消融增加了土壤湿度,为荒漠植被生长提供充足的水分,使表层土壤为强风提供沙尘的可能性降低,从而对沙尘天气的发生起到阻碍、消弱作用。 相似文献
7.
西大滩地区积雪对地表反照率及浅层地温的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用西大滩2007年气象和辐射观测数据研究了积雪对地表反照率和浅层地温的影响.结果显示:相对积雪日数和气温与反照率相关性显著,反照率随相对积雪日数的增大而增大,随气温的增大而减小.冷暖季降雪对地温的变化具有阻隔作用,冷季地温和气温都在-10℃左右时,<10 cm厚的积雪对地温变化的影响不明显,地温和气温的变化趋势一致,地温的变幅不是很大;在暖季积雪厚度>10 cm而且积雪持续时间达10 d时,与气温相比积雪对地温变化的隔热绝缘作用较明显;雪深与积雪持续的时间均与地温呈反向变化. 相似文献
8.
9.
新疆天山和北疆地区是我国三大稳定积雪区之一，积雪反照率的变化显著地影响其地表吸收的太阳辐射能量。2018年1~3月，在新疆天山和北疆地区进行了积雪反照率观测，发现研究区的积雪反照率存在明显的时空差异。时间上，由于受到气温变化的影响，研究区的积雪反照率整体呈现下降的趋势，而且不同时期的下降幅度有差异，1月末~3月初反照率的降低相比1月初~1月末反照率降低更加明显。空间上，由于受到污化物的影响，各区域（阿勒泰地区、塔城地区、天山北坡和伊犁河谷）的积雪反照率之间存在差异，其中天山地区（天山北坡和伊犁河谷）的积雪反照率低于北疆地区（阿勒泰地区和塔城地区），天山北坡的反照率最低；在积雪稳定期及消融期，污化物对积雪反照率的影响最为明显。 相似文献
10.
利用Terra卫星和Aqua卫星提供的2002年9月1日~2017年5月31日每日积雪覆盖产品MOD10C1和MYD10C1，提取蒙古高原积雪日数、积雪面积、积雪初日及积雪终日信息，得到蒙古高原积雪特征分布和变化趋势，同时，结合蒙古高原108个地面气象观测站的气温资料，分析研究区积雪变化特征和气温的关系。结果表明：（1）蒙古高原平均积雪日数在60～90 d之间，积雪初日主要分布在315～335 d之间，积雪终日大多集中在31～61 d之间，蒙古高原东部地区积雪初日有明显的提前趋势，西南地区积雪终日有明显的提前趋势。（2）积雪面积在积雪季内呈 “单峰型”，1月份为积雪面积最大月，年均积雪面积呈微弱的下降趋势。（3）最大积雪覆盖面积与温度具有明显的相关性，稳定积雪覆盖区的临界温度大概介于-11~-8 ℃之间。（4）温度是影响积雪特征变化的重要因素。 相似文献
11.
青藏高原沙区地温研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
青藏高原沙区测温结果表明:沙丘下和厚沙层覆盖地段下的地温较邻近天然无沙地表有所升高,而薄沙层覆盖地段下的地温反而比天然无沙地表有降低的趋势。 相似文献
12.
Soil freeze-thaw process is closely related to surface energy budget,hydrological activity,and terrestrial ecosystems.In this study,two numerical experiments(including and excluding soil freeze-thaw process)were designed to examine the effect of soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes in frozen ground region in the Northern Hemisphere based on the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model version 1.0.5.Results show that in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil temperature in the shallow layer(0.0175?0.0451 m)decreases by 0.35℃in the TP(Tibetan Plateau),0.69℃in CES(Central and Eastern Siberia),and 0.6℃in NA(North America)during summer,and increases by 1.93℃in the TP,2.28℃in CES and 1.61℃in NA during winter,respectively.Meanwhile,in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil liquid water content increases in summer and decrease in winter.For surface heat flux components,the ground heat flux is most significantly affected by the freeze-thaw process in both summer and winter,followed by sensible heat flux and latent heat flux in summer.In the TP area,the ground heat flux increases by 2.82 W/m2(28.5%)in summer and decreases by 3.63 W/m2(40%)in winter.Meanwhile,in CES,the ground heat flux increases by 1.89 W/m2(11.3%)in summer and decreases by 1.41 W/m2(18.6%)in winter.The heat fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau are more susceptible to the freeze-thaw process compared with the high-latitude frozen soil regions.Soil freeze-thaw process can induce significant warming in the Tibetan Plateau in winter.Also,this process induces significant cooling in high-latitude regions in summer.The frozen ground can prevent soil liquid water from infiltrating to deep soil layers at the beginning of thawing;however,as the frozen ground thaws continuously,the infiltration of the liquid water increases and the deep soil can store water like a sponge,accompanied by decreasing surface runoff.The influence of the soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes varies seasonally and spatially. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents an analysis of the mechanisms and impacts of snow cover and frozen soil in the Tibetan Plateau on the summer
precipitation in China, using RegCM3 version 3.1 model simulations. Comparisons of simulations vs. observations show that
RegCM3 well captures these impacts. Results indicate that in a more-snow year with deep frozen soil there will be more precipitation
in the Yangtze River Basin and central Northwest China, western Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang, but less precipitation in
Northeast China, North China, South China, and most of Southwest China. In a less-snow year with deep frozen soil, however,
there will be more precipitation in Northeast China, North China, and southern South China, but less precipitation in the Yangtze
River Basin and in northern South China. Such differences may be attributed to different combination patterns of melting snow
and thawing frozen soil on the Plateau, which may change soil moisture as well as cause differences in energy absorption in the
phase change processes of snow cover and frozen soil. These factors may produce more surface sensible heat in more-snow years
when the frozen soil is deep than when the frozen soil is shallow. The higher surface sensible heat may lead to a stronger updraft
over the Plateau, eventually contributing to a stronger South Asia High and West Pacific Subtropical High. Due to different values
of the wind fields at 850 hPa, a convergence zone will form over the Yangtze River Basin, which may produce more summer precipitation
in the basin area but less precipitation in North China and South China. However, because soil moisture depends on ice
content, in less-snow years with deep frozen soil, the soil moisture will be higher. The combination of higher frozen soil moisture
with latent heat absorption in the phase change process may generate less surface sensible heat and consequently a weaker updraft
motion over the Plateau. As a result, both the South Asia High and the West Pacific Subtropical High will be weaker, hence causing
more summer precipitation in northern China but less in southern China. 相似文献
14.
In this paper, a variation series of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer from 1965 to 2004 on the Tibetan Plateau has been established by using the observation data from meteorological stations. The sliding T-test, M-K test and B-G algorithm are used to verify abrupt changes of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer in the Tibetan plateau. The results show that the snow cover has not undergone an abrupt change, but the seasonal freeze-thaw layer obviously witnessed a rapid degradation in 1987, with the frozen soil depth being reduced by about 15 cm. It is also found that when there is less snow in the plateau region, precipitation in South China and Southwest China increases. But when the frozen soil is deep, precipitation in most of China apparently decreases. Both snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer on the plateau can be used to predict the summer precipitation in China. However, if the impacts of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer are used at the same time, the predictability of summer precipitation can be significantly improved. The significant correlation zone of snow is located in middle reaches of the Yangtze River covering the Hexi Corridor and northeastern Inner Mongolia, and the seasonal freeze-thaw layer exists in Mt. Nanling, northern Shannxi and northwestern part of North China. The significant correlation zone of simultaneous impacts of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer is larger than that of either snow cover or seasonal freeze-thaw layer. There are three significant correlation zones extending from north to south: the north zone spreads from Mt. Daxinganling to the Hexi Corridor, crossing northern Mt. Taihang and northern Shannxi; the central zone covers middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; and the south zone extends from Mt. Wuyi to Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau through Mt. Nanling. 相似文献
15.
2005年6月1日到8月30日,在中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站沼泽综合试验场季节性积水沼泽湿地,观测了净辐射和土壤热通量;利用Penman-Monteith公式和地表能量平衡方程式计算了潜热通量和感热通量;同时用SHAW模型对以上4个能量平衡要素进行了模拟研究,并用观测值以及模型效率、标准差和平均方差检验和评价了其模拟效果。结果表明,三江平原季节性积水沼泽湿地净辐射在6月末至7月初较大;潜热通量主要受净辐射的影响,与土壤水分关系不密切;沼泽湿地地表在6月初至8月中旬以吸收能量为主,8月末以后则开始释放能量;感热通量在植物生长季的初期和末期较大,在中期则比较小。SHAW模型能较好的模拟出沼泽湿地的净辐射、潜热通量和土壤热通量;该模型虽对感热通量的模拟结果并不理想,但能较好的模拟其变化趋势。这说明SHAW模型基本适用于对季节性浅积水沼泽湿地（水深小于10cm）能量平衡各要素的模拟。 相似文献
16.
Sand stabilization effect of feldspathic sandstone during the fallow period in Mu Us Sandy Land 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
Depended on the analysis of ground snow situation, soil moisture loss speed and soil structure after planting crops of Mu Us Sandy Land remedied with feldspathic sandstone in the fallow period, it is concluded that feldspathic sandstone mixed with sand improved the sand stabilization in the governance of Mu Us Sandy Land in the fallow period. The sandy land remedied with feldspathic sandstone had big snow coverage, 25%-75% higher than normal sand; soil moisture losses slowed down, and moisture content rose by over 3 times; soil structure had been improved, and water stable aggregate content increased by 6.52%-18.04%; survival rate of protection forest increased to 85%; and ground flatness is less than 1%. The above conditions weakened sand rising conditions of Mu Us Sandy Land in the fallow period and formed two protective layers of snow cover and soil frozen layer under cold weather so as to prevent against wind erosion. 相似文献
17.
活动层土壤热状况是寒区陆面物理过程研究的重要内容之一。利用五道梁能量收支观测站1993年9月～2000年12月份实测辐射及土壤热通量资料结合五道梁气象站1961-2010时段的气象资料分析了近50 a来该地区活动层土壤的热状况。结果表明：五道梁地区土壤热通量有显著的年际、年代际变化;20世纪60～80年代,土壤热通量小于0.0 W/m2,活动层土壤以放热为主,自90年代以来,土壤热通量大于0.0 W/m2,活动层土壤以吸热为主。过去50 a中该地土壤热通量呈现增大趋势,平均每10 a土壤热通量增大0.31 W/m2。土壤热通量随净辐射的增大而增大。土壤热平衡系数的变化特点与土壤热通量的变化特点一致。60～80年代,活动层土壤热平衡系数<1,该地区冻土相对比较稳定,而自90年代以来此间土壤热平衡系数<1,表明该地多年冻土呈现出退化迹象。活动层土壤热平衡系数可表示为气温、地表温度及水汽压的函数。 相似文献
18.
Soil temperature records obtained from the active layer above permafrost at a site in northern Alaska during autumn and winter have variance spectra inconsistent with a purely conductive heat-transfer system. Although conductive heat-transfer theory predicts that temperature fluctuations are attenuated with depth, sub-diurnal thermal variance at the 50-cm level, near the base of the active layer, exceeded that at the 10-cm level. Short segments of the temperature record were drawn from three distinct periods of soil-frost conditions: (1) at the maximum vertical development of the active layer in early autumn; (2) during frost penetration and the formation of a zero curtain in early winter; and (3) after freezeback of the active layer. The variance spectra of these time series show systematic seasonal transitions that reflect changing mechanisms of heat transfer. During the first and second periods, heat transfer by internal evaporation and condensation dominates at wavelengths in the diurnal range. The spectral traces are not strongly self-similar and the fractal dimensions indicate extreme space-filling, especially at deeper levels. Once the active layer is frozen, conductive heat transfer dominates, producing a trend toward self-similarity. Both the thermal variance and the fractal dimension decrease with depth in the frozen regime. [Key words: Alaska, active layer, coupled flow, fractal dimension, frozen ground, heat transfer, permafrost, soil freezing, spectral analysis, zero curtain.] 相似文献
19.
中国西北地区季节性积雪的性质与结构 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
中国内陆地区积雪分布十分广泛。根据西北地区大陆性气候条件下形成的“干寒型”积雪的特征 ,对中国天山和阿尔泰山山区的季节性积雪进行了观测与分析。结果表明 ,该区最大积雪深度达 15 2cm(1997) ,积雪层一般由新雪 (或表层凝结霜 )、细粒雪、中粒雪、粗粒雪、松散深霜、聚合深霜层和薄融冻冰层组成。与“湿暖型”积雪相比 ,“干寒型”积雪的性质具有密度小 (新雪的最小密度为 0 .0 4 g/cm3 )、含水率少 (隆冬期 <1% )、温度梯度大(最大可达 - 0 .5 2℃ /cm)、深霜发育层厚等特点 ,并且变质作用以热量交换和雪层压力变质作用为主。据中国科学院天山积雪与雪崩研究站 (43°2 0N ,84°2 9E ,海拔 1776m)的观测资料 ,中国内陆干旱区冬季积雪期雪面太阳辐射通量以负平衡为主 ,新雪雪面反射率达 96 % ,短波辐射在干寒型积雪中的穿透厚度达 2 8cm。春季积雪消融期 ,深霜层厚度可占整个积雪层厚度的 80 %。随着气温的升高 ,雪粒间的键链首先融化 ,使积雪变得松散 ,内聚力、抗压、抗拉和抗剪强度降低 ,积雪含水率也随之增大 ,整个积雪层趋于接近 0℃的等温现象 ,因此 ,春季天山、阿尔泰山等山地全层性湿雪崩频繁发生 相似文献
20.
利用1960-2015 年新疆塔什库尔干河谷季节性冻土的冻结始日、冻结终日、年冻结日数、年累积冻土厚度、最大冻土深度等特征指标资料,采用气候倾向率、气候突变、气候变化趋势的持续性等方法,分析近56 a该地区季节性冻土的年际、年代际变化特征。研究发现：（1）在全球变暖的背景下,1960-2015 年新疆塔什库尔干河谷气温变化亦呈上升趋势,升温趋势的持续性较强,升温幅度0.03 ℃·a-1、0.29 ℃·（10 a）-1、0.74 ℃·（30 a）-1。（2）在1960-2015年期间,该地区季节性冻土呈退化趋势,具体表现为;冻结始日推迟,冻结终日提前,年冻结日数减少,年累积冻土厚度减小,最大冻土深度减小。（3）在1960-2015年期间,该地区季节性冻土持续退化趋势持续性强。（4）1960-2015 年新疆塔什库尔干河谷季节性冻土对气温变暖的具体响应呈现为退化状态。（5）按气候升温率Gt;0.034~0.046 ℃·a-1 计算,在气候变暖背景下,该地区季节性冻土到2050 年（较2000 年）的冻结始日将推迟12~15 d、年冻结日数将减少21~27 d、年累积冻土厚度将减少36.3%~46.7%。 相似文献