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1.
Louisiana receives royalty revenue when minerals are produced on state-owned lands and water bottoms, federal properties within the state, and offshore fields underlying federal and state jurisdiction within 3–6 nautical miles from the coastline. Royalty revenue on oil and gas production has averaged $465 million per year and has contributed 3–7% of the state general revenue over the past decade. The purpose of this article is to develop a royalty revenue forecast model to assist in state budgeting and planning purposes. Producing fields are evaluated within a probabilistic framework to capture the uncertainty associated with future capital outlays and operational changes, and a discovery model is used to generate production from fields expected to be discovered in the future. The forecasts are combined with commodity price scenarios and royalty rate assumptions to generate a royalty revenue outlook for the state. We estimate that cumulative royalty revenue during 2012–2017 will range from $704 million to $1,408 million for oil production and from $286 million to $1,145 million for gas production for commodity prices of 60–120 $/bbl and 2–8 $/Mcf. At $80/bbl and $4/Mcf, cumulative royalty receipts from 2012 to 2017 are estimated at $1,510 million. 相似文献
2.
随着遥感技术的飞速发展,利用遥感数据来进行水资源的监测、调查和分析已经成为一种必然的趋势。通过选取新疆博湖县境内中国最大的内陆淡水湖-博斯腾湖为研究区,FY3A/MERSI影像为数据源,利用监督分类法从Landsat-ETM+影像提取水体,提取结果作为FY3A/MERSI影像水体提取精度验证的底图。采用单波段阈值法、基于阈值的多波段谱间关系法和基于阈值的水体指数法从FY3A/MERSI影像提取研究区水体,基于混淆矩阵法,提取结果分别与Landsat-ETM+影像底图作对比分析,最终得出结论,基于阈值的水体指数法中的归一化差异水体指数法提取研究区水体的总体精度最高,为96.37%,Khat为0.915。 相似文献
3.
Jeff R. Crump 《The Professional geographer》1993,45(3):286-296
The purpose of this research is to analyze the composition and distribution of Department of Defense (DOD) services procurement. The results indicate producer services comprise 53% of DOD services outlays. Defense expenditures for services are particularly important in the Washington, D.C., region and in states that either produce weapons or house defense-related R&D facilities. Defense expenditures are providing impetus to service sector growth in Virginia and, simultaneously, are providing the initial stimulus for development of producer services in states such as New Mexico. 相似文献
4.
Christopher D. Merrett 《The Professional geographer》1999,51(4):598-609
America is embroiled in a culture war. National education standards have exacerbated the conflict. Supporters justify standards by adopting the rhetoric of globalization and national labor force preparedness. Opponents claim that standards threaten local control over value inculcation and social reproduction. This paper examines the “politics of scale” to hypothesize that conservatives have solicited Congressional support for local school choice and school prayer to subvert national education standards. Results from a multivariate analysis confirm that a significant link exists between Congressional opposition to education standards and support for school prayer and school choice. 相似文献
5.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):598-607
America is embroiled in a culture war. National education standards have exacerbated the conflict. Supporters justify standards by adopting the rhetoric of globalization and national labor force preparedness. Opponents claim that standards threaten local control over value inculcation and social reproduction. This paper examines the “politics of scale” to hypothesize that conservatives have solicited Congressional support for local school choice and school prayer to subvert national education standards. Results from a multivariate analysis confirm that a significant link exists between Congressional opposition to education standards and support for school prayer and school choice. 相似文献
6.
行政区划是统治和管理国家的重要手段。一国的国体对该国的行政区划性质具有决定性的影响。国体的变动必然会导致行政区划的变化。在俄罗斯成为独立的联邦制国家以来,伴随着国家的裂变,其行政建制一直处于改革变化之中,突出表现为合并联邦主体和按地域增设联邦区。本文在梳理俄罗斯联邦主体性质的基础上,阐述了联邦主体的合并依据与现状、联邦区的划分与职能,并从地理、政治、经济、历史的角度分析各要素对俄行政区划演变的作用。 相似文献
7.
在“一带一路”倡议背景下,深入开展俄罗斯城镇化研究具有突出意义。在明晰俄罗斯城市空间分布特征的基础上,构建城镇化评价指标体系,研究俄罗斯83个联邦主体2005—2016年人口、经济、社会城镇化发展水平、空间格局及其影响因素。结果表明：俄罗斯初步形成了两核、多极、一横、四纵、多团的城市空间格局。2005—2016年,俄罗斯人口与社会城镇化增幅不大,经济城镇化发展显著,多数联邦主体的人口、经济、社会城镇化发展低于平均水平;空间上,城镇化高值区除集中在莫斯科与圣彼得堡外,还分布在达吉斯坦-伊尔库茨克等联邦主体的带状区域,低值区分布在远东区最东北端、西伯利亚区最南端、西北区最北端,核心高-边缘低、中部高-南北低、西部高-东部低的空间分异特征显著。俄罗斯城镇化受到历史形成与发展、地理基础与自然资源、政策与制度、工业化发展、国际市场和周边国家等因素的影响。 相似文献
8.
Changing characteristics of arctic pressure ridges 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The advent of multibeam sonar permits us to obtain full three-dimensional maps of the underside of sea ice. In particular this enables us to distinguish the morphological characteristics of first-year (FY) and multi-year (MY) pressure ridges in a statistically valid way, whereas in the past only a small number of ridges could be mapped laboriously by drilling. In this study pressure ridge distributions from two parts of the Arctic Ocean are compared, in both the cases using mainly data collected by the submarine “Tireless” in March 2007 during two specific grid surveys, in the Beaufort Sea at about 75° N, 140° W (N of Prudhoe Bay), and north of Ellesmere Island at about 83° 20′ N, 64° W. In the Beaufort Sea the ice was mainly FY, and later melted or broke up as this area became ice-free during the subsequent summer. N of Ellesmere Island the ice was mainly MY. Ridge depth and spacing distributions were derived for each region using the boat's upward looking sonar, combined with distributions of shapes of the ridges encountered, using the Kongsberg EM3002 multibeam sonar. The differing shapes of FY and MY ridges are consistent with two later high-resolution multibeam studies of specific ridges by AUV. FY ridges are found to fit the normal triangular shape template in cross-section (with a range of slope angles averaging 27°) with a relatively constant along-crest depth, and often a structure of small ice blocks can be distinguished. MY ridges, however, are often split into a number of independent solid, smooth blocks of large size, giving an irregular ridge profile which may be seemingly without linearity.Our hypothesis for this difference is that during its long lifetime an MY ridge is subjected to several episodes of crack opening; new cracks in the Arctic pack often run in straight lines across the ridges and undeformed ice alike. Such a crack will open somewhat before refreezing, interpolating a stretch of thin ice into the structure, and breaking up the continuity and linearity of the ridge crest. Many such episodes over a number of years can cause the ridge to become simply a series of blocks. This has implications for ridge strength and for permeability to spilled oil. As the percentage of MY ice in the Arctic diminishes, Arctic ridging will be more and more dominated by FY ridges, and we discuss the implications of this change of character of the ice underside in the light of the statistics that we have generated for the two types of ridge. 相似文献
9.
The multi-year sea ice (MY) concentration as determined with the NASA Team algorithm (NTA) shows an increase during winter. This unrealistic feature can be reduced using combined active and passive remote sensing data, leading to a more realistic estimation of MY area. Our joint analysis of SSM/I, QuikSCATterometer (QSCAT) and meteorological data reveals events (i.e. intervals in space and time) where increased surface roughness and volume scattering, after a melt-refreezing episode, alters the passive microwave signature of the undisturbed sea ice surface. In these events, the calculation of MY and FY areas employing the NTA leads to false estimations of their amounts. It is shown that when such events occur, QSCAT backscatter values increase by more than 3 dB. This backscatter variation can be easily detected and the FY and MY area determination of the NTA can be corrected accordingly within defined event-regions. Using this method, called Simultaneous NTA, we found that in May 2000 12% of the area detected by the NTA as MY has to be corrected to FY. As a consequence, a detailed reanalysis of the 20-year passive microwave data set is suggested to more precisely compute the MY area. 相似文献
10.
Edward J. Malecki 《The Professional geographer》1981,33(1):72-82
Governmental influences on technological change, unlike private-sector efforts, have received little attention from geographers. A major influence in a regional context is the direct government spending on R&D conduted by private firms. This paper focuses on the agglomeration and linkage effects of federal R&D spending in the United States, isolating defense and space R&D as the largest single sources of federal funds. The empirical findings suggest that federally funded R&D takes place in different agglomerations than private R&D, and that relatively few places are linked into the network of R&D subcontracts. 相似文献
11.
基于静止气象卫星观测的降水时间降尺度研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
高分辨率降水时空分布估计对于陆面数值模拟和同化,天气、气候与环境及其相关领域研究具有重要意 义。长时间序列降水分布常使用时间和空间插值技术进行估计。本文提出了一种基于每小时静止卫星云图云分类 信息的累积降水估计时间加权插值方法,它通过利用高时空分辨率静止卫星云图所反映的云的变化,与卫星降水 估计和地面观测降水相结合,以获得时空分布比较合理的地面降水分布。将该方法应用于FY2C 云图和国家卫星 气象中心FY2C 的6 小时降水估计业务产品,得到FY2C 卫星发射(2005 年)以来具有10KM空间分辨率以及1 小 时分辨率的降水数据集,并利用中国区域自动雨量观测资料对该降水估计数据集进行检验和评估,以表明该方法 的合理性。 相似文献
12.
Nancy Perry 《Urban geography》2016,37(1):141-161
This study examines the eminent domain action in 1942 where the federal government took 411 acres of land, including an African American neighborhood, to construct the Pentagon building in Arlington County, Virginia. The Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution acknowledges the right of the federal government to exercise eminent domain where needed for the common good, but requires that property owners be given just compensation. This study explores the issue of compensation: what the residents lost when they were forced to move, how that loss was compensated, and whether the compensation was “just.” The study data include interviews with former residents of the neighborhood, oral histories, land records, census data, photographs, and newspaper articles. The study concludes that the federal government compensated the residents for land and buildings, but was unable to compensate for a lost community. For many residents, that community is mourned even 72 years later. 相似文献
13.
Jesse Abrams Heidi Huber-Stearns Hannah Gosnell Anna Santo Stacie Duffey Cassandra Moseley 《社会与自然资源》2020,33(4):504-523
AbstractNational Forests in the United States have undergone a spatially and temporally uneven governance transition in response to social and economic pressures and contemporary policy changes, with many national forest units moving from a wholly government-led “dominant federal” model to a more collaborative “social forestry” model in which nonfederal actors have greater influence and authority. Here we report on an effort to develop a suite of indicators designed to capture some of the most tangible elements of a transition from dominant federal to social forestry modes of governance. We pilot test these data on the Willamette National Forest using data from a variety of sources internal and external to the USDA Forest Service. We assess the suitability of these indicators for tracking governance transitions and discuss their applicability to other national forest units nationwide. 相似文献
14.
While women own 25% of the acres rented out for farming, little has been done in terms of federal policy that focuses on these women. In this policy analysis, we detail how (1) lack of data on these women landowners and (2) the invisibility of these women to federal natural resource and agricultural agency staff contribute to women nonoperating landowners (WNOLs) not being on the federal policy radar. We discuss how the persistence of these factors continues to marginalize WNOLs in federal agricultural policy, despite the mandate of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) agencies to be serving underserved populations such as WNOLs. Our study findings clearly illustrate a critical point: federal agricultural/conservation agencies are not fulfilling their mandate to reach WNOLs. Using data from USDA Production Regions in the United States, we detail how WNOLs are marginalized and provide specific policy recommendations to allow for intentional inclusion of these women. 相似文献
15.
俄罗斯西伯利亚与远东地区城镇化发展水平测度及空间分异研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
构建城镇化评价指标体系,研究俄罗斯西伯利亚与远东地区2005~2015年人口、经济、社会城镇化发展水平及空间分异。研究表明：俄罗斯西伯利亚与远东地区城镇化综合发展水平呈小幅上升,西伯利亚城镇化发展水平高于远东,两联邦区人口城镇化水平下降、经济与社会城镇化发展缓慢,多数联邦主体的城镇化发展低于平均水平;空间上,城镇化发展水平高值区集中在西伯利亚联邦区西部（鄂木斯克-新西伯利亚-阿尔泰边疆区-克麦罗沃-克拉斯诺亚尔斯克-伊尔库茨克联邦主体）,低值区分布在远东联邦区东部（马加丹-楚科奇-勘察加联邦主体）,西高东低格局特征显著;最后探讨了促进西伯利亚与远东人口、经济、社会城镇化发展的具体对策。 相似文献
16.
John Swauger 《The Professional geographer》1980,32(4):446-453
By delineating voting regions directly from Congressional statistics, geographers can help identify legislative voting patterns more precisely. Analysis of 1977 Senate roll calls using three measures of agreement reveals deep cleavages separating liberal Northeastern and Upper Middle Western senators from conservatives representing Southern and Western states. Senators from the same region often voted alike despite differences in party affiliation. 相似文献
17.
The popularity of the work Guns, germs and steel (GGS) has served to bring the question of human–environment connections once again to the forefront of popular thought. We assert that the recent success of GGS represents both a persistence of environmental determinist logic and a contemporary trend that privileges the environment as the primary influence on human–environment relationships. The historical development of the human–environment field is reviewed from the cultural and political ecology (CAPE) perspective, with particular attention to illustrating the varying emphasis between humans and their environment. GGS is situated within this developing field through a critical analysis of the arguments and methods forwarded by Jared Diamond. The book is found to mirror earlier environmental determinism by failing to take into account many of the advances in human–environmental thought since the early twentieth century. Its popular success suggests the pitfalls of failures to acknowledge the complex, intertwined and indivisible relationship that exists among humans and their environment. Furthermore, there is evidence that the environmental determinism espoused in GGS has caught the attention of international development policymakers potentially influencing future outlays of aid and assistance to the developing world. These conclusions raise cautionary flags against repeating past theoretical mistakes by accepting simplistic, causal explanations based largely on a deterministic conception of the natural environment. 相似文献
18.
在“一带一路”与“中蒙俄经济走廊”倡议的背景下,利用人口增减变化率、人口重心、人口密度变化率、人口地理集中度、人口商度等研究21世纪以来俄罗斯的人口增长与空间分布格局变化。结果表明：（1）21世纪以来,俄罗斯人口经历了先降后增的变化过程;中央区的人口显著上升,伏尔加、西伯利亚与远东区均呈下降趋势;莫斯科、圣彼得堡、乌拉尔区、北高加索区南端的联邦主体人口快速增加,西伯利亚区多数联邦主体人口缓慢增加,远东东部、莫斯科外围地域、伏尔加区多数联邦主体的人口缓慢减少,西北区北端联邦主体的人口急剧减少。（2）俄人口空间分布格局变化主要受地区间人口迁移流动的影响。空间上,俄人口重心不断朝西北向迁移,莫斯科市与圣彼得堡市的人口密度快速增加,远东与东西伯利亚区的人口密度缓慢降低,强化了俄人口分界线——“圣彼得堡-图瓦线”。以“圣图线”为界,俄“西密东疏”“欧洲密、亚洲疏”的格局短期不会改变,整体呈“一横、四纵、两团”及若干区域人口集团的空间结构。 相似文献
19.
David Berry 《The Professional geographer》1987,39(4):428-437
A crucial characteristic of federal systems is the distribution of regulatory power between the states and the national government. Four factors affect the distribution of powers in the U.S.: the geographic scope of issues, institutional competence at state and national levels, protection of democratic values, and economies of administration. Local or scattered occurrences of a problem, national governmental rigidity, desire for extensive public participation, spatial variation in regulatory preferences, and diseconomies of scale in administration favor state regulation. Widespread occurrences or national significance of a problem, state governmental rigidity, spillover effects, abhorrent local preferences, and economies of scale in administration favor national regulation. 相似文献
20.
Poor air quality has long been one of the dominant transboundary issues facing protected areas worldwide. In 1977, the United States Congress amended the Clean Air Act to address federally-managed lands containing valued air resources (i.e. scenic views). Forty years later, we interviewed professionals from the U.S. National Park Service, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management (n=38) regarding their perceptions of the legacy of the Clean Air Act and other federal policies relevant to air resources, as well as their perceptions of the future of air resource management on U.S federal lands. Results were analyzed using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis supported by in vivo, thematic, and salience coding. Our findings illustrate national progress in air resource management, potential policy directions, and highlight the influence of emerging technologies and governance in air resource management within protected areas. 相似文献