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克里雅河流域黄土的矿物组合特征及环境意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
克里雅河流域黄土分布于昆仑山北坡的干燥剥蚀低山带至半燥剥蚀作用的高山带，该流域不同海拔高度７个典型黄土地层冲面样品的矿物组合特征，地球化学成份，强粉等古气候相关指标，反映本区黄土形成时期晚，是干旱寒冷气候环境的产物。 相似文献
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陈志清 《云南地理环境研究》1991,3(2):23-33
本文对采自中国、法国、比利时等国43块黄土样品进行实验室处理后,分析对比了它们在碳酸盐含量、粒度组成、重矿物组成及粘土矿物成分方面的共同特性及差异性。结果表明,中国黄土碳酸盐含量稳定,西欧不同类型的黄土碳酸盐含量差别很大。在粒度组成上,欧亚黄土并没有本质的差别,但西欧不同层位的黄土粒度组成呈有规律变化。对西欧重矿物的分析可以追溯黄土的物质来源,粘土矿物含量在欧亚不同黄土中也有差别。比较结果说明,欧洲的黄土堆积受第四纪冰期、间冰期的气候波动影响较大,中国黄土在堆积期间始终处在干旱、半干旱的气候条件下。 相似文献
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Kumtagh Desert is one of the eight biggest deserts in China, but poorly investigated before our interdisciplinary study because of the difficulty of access. In this paper, 33 representative surface sediment samples were collected from the Kumtagh Desert and analyzed in the laboratory to obtain heavy mineral components and geochemical element contents. Results show that various kinds of heavy minerals are present in these samples, with high levels of epidote and hornblende. Si and Al take up a large part of chemical composition. Compared with the average composition of geochemical elements of the upper continental crust (UCC), except Si and Ca, all elements are depleted to a certain degree; Fe, Mg, Ca, P, Ti and Mn have high correlation coefficients in their contents. The mineral and geochemical composition of the Kumtagh Desert sediments have a similarity with that of rocks of Altyn Tagh Mountains, and the surface sediments of the alluvial/diluvial fans around the Altyn Tagh Mountains and that of the Taklamakan Desert, indicating that one major source of the Kumtagh Desert sediments is located in the Altyn Tagh Mountains. Alluvial deposits and lake sediments in Aqik valley and lower reaches of Shule River are prone to be eroded and transported by the strong northeasterly wind into the Kumtagh Desert, forming another source of the desert deposits. An A-CN-K ternary diagram shows that a weak degree chemical weathering by the loss of Na and K occurred in these sediments, whereas A-CNK-FM ternary diagram suggests that Fe and Mg have undergone a significant chemical differentiation. Physical weathering processes cause easy erosion and enrichment in fine particles for mafic minerals, thus coarse desert sand particles can be relatively depleted in Fe and Mg. The mineral and geochemical composition of sediments in arid regions experiencing less chemical weathering are mostly affected by physical weathering. 相似文献
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对毛乌素沙地16个现代流动沙丘沙样品矿物分析结果进行归纳与研究.结果显示:(1)毛乌素沙地现代流动沙丘沙轻矿物占绝对优势,平均含量为94.8%,以石英、长石为主;重矿物所占比例很小,平均含量为1.6%,但种类较多,共含22种重矿物.(2)重矿物中2/3以上属硅酸盐类矿物,其含量前三的为角闪石、绿帘石、石榴子石;(3)重矿物以不稳定矿物和较稳定矿物占较高比例,绝大多数为硅酸盐类矿物,分别为100%和98.75%;(4)重矿物中硬矿物和极硬矿物含量高达80.17%,分别为61.57%和18.60%.结果还显示,轻矿物石英/长石含量比值(平均值为6.10)和重矿物矿物风化系数(平均值3.89)都较高,重矿物中造岩矿物(平均值26.7%)含量占近1/3.由此,并考虑到高含量的硬-极硬的重矿物的存在,表明其沉积时属于气候干冷、生物化学风化作用较弱的强风沙流环境.本文除证明了高含量的不稳定矿物和较稳定矿物与气候干旱具有本质上的联系外,还说明了干旱环境下沙丘沙中多种类、高含量的硬-极硬矿物的存在,极大地抑制了物理风化和生物化学两个方面的风化的难度,从而使其向土壤化根本逆转也很难.即使沙丘得以固定,由于其丘体的这种矿物组分,仍然难以消除潜在沙漠化的客观存在,故土地沙漠化引起生态环境的退化实际上也与沙丘沙碎屑矿物的物理性质具有本质上的联系.因此,干冷多风的气候条件及其导致的沙丘沙所具有的物质组成的特殊性应该是土地沙漠化的两个不可或缺的原因. 相似文献
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对2009年9月23日悉尼特强沙尘暴和2010年4月兰州沙尘暴样品进行了磁学参数和粒度测量.结果表明:悉尼尘暴样品中磁性矿物含量远远低于兰州样品.磁性矿物种类略有不同,兰州样品主要含有磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿,可能含有赤铁矿;悉尼样品除了上述矿物外,还含有针铁矿.悉尼样品比兰州样品的磁性矿物颗粒要细.悉尼样品的粒度分布曲线呈现四峰态,粒度曲线呈现宽扁形态;兰州样品呈现三峰态,粒度曲线则呈窄高的形态.沙尘暴样品与源区样品磁学性质的大相径庭及粒度曲线的多峰态分布都说明了沙尘暴物源的非惟一性.此外,将兰州沙尘暴样品与九州台黄土-古土壤样品的粒度进行了比较,结果显示,1～10 μm组分含量的增加及10～20 μm组分含量的减少主要与不稳定矿物的物理化学风化过程有关,0.02～1μm组分含量增加的主要原因是新矿物的生成及不稳定矿物的风化.沙尘暴样品与黄土-古土壤样品的粒度分布曲线具有一定的相似性,说明现代沙尘暴事件是地质时期风尘活动的持续,现代风积作用仍在继续. 相似文献
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对中国首次(1999年)和第二次(2003年)北极科学考察在楚科奇海及邻近的北冰洋深水区采取的47站表层沉积物进行了碎屑重矿物鉴定分析。结果表明北冰洋西部表层沉积物中重矿物以抗风化能力较弱的绿帘石、紫苏辉石和普通角闪石为优势矿物,钛铁矿、石榴子石、磷灰石和赤铁矿为特征矿物。矿物组合分区表明研究区物质来源和水动力变化较为复杂:白令海峡以南沉积物中重矿物含量高,水动力强;白令海峡以北的洋流变化与所经区域沉积物重矿物种类和含量变化相一致,即楚科奇海中部沉积物富集紫苏辉石、钛铁矿和石榴子石,物质来源可能与楚科奇山原相关,而在阿拉斯加沿岸沉积物中富集绿帘石和紫苏辉石,与阿拉斯加沿岸流携带物质相关;楚科奇海北部深水区碎屑矿物沉积速率低且矿物多有蚀变。 相似文献
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The karst landforms distributed on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau can be genetically classed with the Tertiary underground karst, which were gradually exhumed to the surface with the uplift of the plateau during Quaternary period. The relative deposits of the Tertiary palaeokarst processes, such as the residuum and speleothem, were discovered recently in the southern and southeastern fringe areas of the plateau, where has geological-currently been disintegrated by the headward erosion processes of the modern river systems. The major chemical components of the clay portion of the residuum consist mainly of SiO2C, Al2CO3 and Fe2O3. The clay minerals composition of the clay portion belongs to illite-kaolinite pattern for most of the residuum samples, and kaolinite-illite pattern for a few of the samples. It can be judged from the silicic acid index and the clay minerals composition that the formation of the residuum of the Plateau was in its initial phase. However, such a lower chemical weathering index only reflected the weathering degree in the bottom or lower parts of the lateritic weathering crust. The relatively intensive chemical weathering processes of the surface layers of the lateritic weathering crust could be logically speculated. The surface feature textures of quartz grains in the residuum were formed mainly by the chemical erosion, which revealed a long-term humid-tropical environment when the residuum and the palaeokarst formed. 相似文献