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1.
The unfrozen water content and ice content of frozen soil change continuously with varying temperatures, resulting in the temperature dependence of mechanical properties of frozen soil. Thus the dynamic behavior of embankment in permafrost regions under train loading also alters with seasons. Based on a series of strong-motion tests that were carried out on the traditional embankment of Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR) in permafrost regions, the acceleration waveforms recorded at the embankment shoulder and slope toes were obtained. Testing results show an obvious attenuation effect on the vertical train loading from road shoulder to slope toes. Furthermore, numerical simulations of a traditional embankment under vertical train loading in different seasons were conducted, and the dynamic behavior of the embankment was described. The results show that the vibration attenuation in the cold season is greater than that in the warm season. The maximum acceleration of vibration drops to about 5% when the train vibration load is transferred through the embankment into the permafrost, and the high-frequency components are absorbed when the vibration transmits downward. Moreover, the dynamic stress under the dynamic train loading decreases exponentially with an increasing depth in different seasons. The results can be a reference for design and maintenance of embankments in permafrost regions. 相似文献
2.
The practice of building and operating of railroad beds shows that the greatest at enuation of soils occurs in the spring, during their transition from the frozen to thawed state. The greatest influenc... 相似文献
3.
The developed vertical coupling model of Vehicle-Track-Subgrade which considered subgrade layer vibration is present-ed. The equations of motion for the ballast, top and bottom subgrade layers are pres... 相似文献
4.
According to the technical characteristics of short fixed wheelbase of a high-speed carriage, a subgrade-track integrated space mechanical response analysis model is proposed for trains under the action of biaxial load after the comparison of the stress distribution characteristics of the ballast track subgrade bed structures for high-speed railway under the action of uniaxial load and biaxial load. The loading threshold value (high-cycle long-term dynamic strength) under the circumstance where the cumulative deformation of subgrade structure gradually develops and finally reaches the convergent state, and its relationship with the foundation coefficient K30 were deduced, based on the characteristics of cumulative deformation evolution obtained from the unit structure filling model test under the action of cyclic loading. In view of structure stability and frost resistance requirements of the railway subgrade in cold regions, technical conditions to maintain good service performance of subgrade structure of high-speed railway ballasted track are discussed and analyzed. Study results show that the additive effect manifests itself obviously for railway train bogies under the action of biaxial load than uniaxial load, which has a significant dynamic effect on the subgrade bed bottom and a slight effect on the surface layer. Thus, the adoption of a biaxial load model in the design of a high-speed railway subgrade accurately reflects the vehicle load. Pursuant to the structure design principle, the design method of the subgrade structure of high-speed railway ballasted track is proposed to meet the technical requirements such as structural strength, bearing stiffness and high-cyclic and long-term stability. Technical indicators are obtained for the variation of thickness of the surface layer of reinforced subgrade bed in the double-layer subgrade mode along with the change of K30 at the subgrade bed bottom. The double-layer structure mode of "closure on the upper layer and drainage on the lower layer" was proposed in order to meet the waterproofing and drainage requirements of the upper layer of the subgrade bed in cold regions. A dense-framework graded gravel filler with weak water permeability at a coefficient of 10-4 cm/s is used on the upper layer and the void-framework graded gravel filler at the water permeability coefficient of 10-2 cm/s is adopted on the lower layer. 相似文献
5.
To investigate the vibration characteristics of a railway subgrade in different seasons, three field experiments were carried out in
the seasonally frozen Daqing area of China during spring, summer, and winter. The vibration characteristics and attenuation rates
of the subgrade induced by passing trains were investigated, and the influences of the season, train speed, train type, train load, and
number of train compartments are described in this paper. The results show that: (1) near the rail track the vibration in the vertical
direction was more significant than in the lateral and longitudinal directions, and as the distance from the railway track increased,
the acceleration amplitudes and the attenuation rates all decreased in all three directions; (2) the acceleration amplitudes and attenuation
rates decreased in the three different study seasons as the distance from the railway track increased, and the attenuation
rates in the freezing period were the largest; and (3) the acceleration amplitude induced by a freight train was greater than that by a
passenger train, and the subgrade vibration increased with increasing passenger train speeds when the number of train compartments
was similar. These results have great significance for enhanced understanding of the characteristics of train-induced vibration
embankment response in seasonally frozen regions, and provide essential field monitoring data on train-induced vibrations in
order to improve the performance criteria of railroading in seasonally frozen regions. 相似文献
6.
By large-scale dynamic tests carried out on a traditional sand-gravel embankment at the Beilu River section along the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, we collected the acceleration waveforms close to the railway tracks when trains passed. The dynamic train loading was converted into an equivalent creep stress, using an equivalent static force method. Also, the creep equation of frozen soil was introduced according to the results of frozen soil rheological triaxial tests. A coupled creep model based on a time-hardening power function rule and the Druker-Prager yield and failure criterion was established to analyze the creep effects of a plain fill embankment under repeated train loads. The temperature field of the embankment in the permafrost area was set at the current geothermal conditions. As a result, the permanent deformation of the embankment under train loading was obtained, and the permanent deformation under the train loads to the total embankment deformation was also analyzed. 相似文献
7.
Frost heaving is a well-known phenomenon in cold regions, which may occur in wet clayey grounds during winter. Railway track upheaval occurring in cold regions during the winter is generally understood as frost heaving in the subgrade layer. However, it has been confirmed that upheaval due to frost heaving sometimes occurs in the ballast layer. This understanding has been observed in active railways in northern Japan. The samples collected from ballast and subgrade layers have been examined for frost heave susceptibilities and confirmed that ballast layers which contain fines may heave. 相似文献
8.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):55-68
Bjørndalen, J. E. & Ouren, T., 1975. Ballast heaps and ballast plants in the country of Telemark in Norway. Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 29, 55–68. At the peak time of the sailing ship trade in the latter half of the nineteenth century, ballast was brought to Telemark partly from vessels loading ice, partly from vessels brought to the numerous shipyards for careening and repair. Some ballast was also brought to the properties of the shipowners resident in the area. The fate of some of the alien plants, which were introduced with ballast into Telemark, was investigated. Most were casuals, which disappeared when the ballast traffic ceased at the time of the First World War. Others may still be found close to some of the old ballast heaps and a few have managed to extend their area. English summary. 相似文献
9.
To investigate the mechanical properties of ice-saturated frozen soil, a series of triaxial tests under various confining pressures（0.5 to 9.0 MPa） on ice-saturated frozen loess with ice content of 23.7% were carried out at a temperature-6 °C, and at 1.25 mm/min of loading rate. The triaxial tests include two loading modes, one with monotonic loading（i.e., triaxial compression）, and another with static cycle loading. The test results under triaxial compression show that the strength and deformation behaviors of ice-saturated frozen loess are affected by confining pressure. According to the test results of triaxial loading-unloading cycle test, the elastic modulus evolution with the number of cycles under different confining pressures are analyzed. 相似文献
10.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):73-84
Shipping statistics, state and local by-laws concerning harbours, and reports from harbour authorities have been investigated to obtain a picture of the size and pattern of ballast traffic in Norway in the era of sailing ships. Alien plants invaded the country through ballast thrown ashore, e.g. public ballast heaps, ballast brought by the captains to their properties, and ballast unloaded from vessels brought to shipyards for careening and repair. 相似文献
11.
An analysis of mechanisms of ice-wedge casting based on geotechnical centrifuge simulations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Here we interpret the outcomes of scaled geotechnical centrifuge simulation of ice-wedge casting in terms of the likely significance of Quaternary ice-wedge pseudomorphs observed within different host sediments. Six experiments were completed in which 1/30th scale models of an ice-wedge embedded within frozen host sediments beneath a 25 mm thick unfrozen active layer were thawed from the surface downwards in the geotechnical centrifuge under a 30 times gravity (30×g) acceleration. Host sediment granulometry and/or ice contents were varied in each model, with host materials comprising medium sands, fine sandy silts and silty clays. The model ice-wedge was 50 mm at the top, 150 mm deep, and extended across the full width of the 450 mm wide test box. Centrifuge scaling laws indicate that under an acceleration of 30×g, stress distribution was equivalent to a 13.5 m long section of a 4.5 m high and 1.5 m wide full-scale prototype ice-wedge, covered in an active layer of thickness equivalent to 0.75 m. Thermal regimes, measured pore pressures during thaw, observed thaw consolidation and measured host sediment geotechnical properties are utilised in the interpretation of casting mechanisms. During a single uniform thaw event it is shown that arching of infilling sediment and the formation of a void is likely if negative pore pressures are developed in the host sediment. In fine silt and clays high ice contents are more likely than in sands, thaw consolidation is greater, positive pore pressures encourage complete filling of the ice-wedge void, and soft sediment deformation is likely to cause deformation of the cast and reduce its width and depth. Though natural casting mechanisms are likely to be more complex than those simulated here, modelling experiments highlight the need for care when inferring original ice-wedge geometry from observed shape and size of Quaternary ice-wedge casts. 相似文献
12.
Use of a Probabilistic Neural Network to Reduce Costs of Selecting Construction Rock 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rocks used as construction aggregate in temperate climates deteriorate to differing degrees because of repeated freezing and thawing. The magnitude of the deterioration depends on the rock's properties. Aggregate, including crushed carbonate rock, is required to have minimum geotechnical qualities before it can be used in asphalt and concrete. In order to reduce chances of premature and expensive repairs, extensive freeze-thaw tests are conducted on potential construction rocks. These tests typically involve 300 freeze-thaw cycles and can take four to five months to complete. Less time consuming tests that (1) predict durability as well as the extended freeze-thaw test or that (2) reduce the number of rocks subject to the extended test, could save considerable amounts of money. Here we use a probabilistic neural network to try and predict durability as determined by the freeze-thaw test using four rock properties measured on 843 limestone samples from the Kansas Department of Transportation. Modified freeze-thaw tests and less time consuming specific gravity (dry), specific gravity (saturated), and modified absorption tests were conducted on each sample. Durability factors of 95 or more as determined from the extensive freeze-thaw tests are viewed as acceptable—rocks with values below 95 are rejected. If only the modified freeze-thaw test is used to predict which rocks are acceptable, about 45% are misclassified. When 421 randomly selected samples and all four standardized and scaled variables were used to train aprobabilistic neural network, the rate of misclassification of 422 independent validation samples dropped to 28%. The network was trained so that each class (group) and each variable had its own coefficient (sigma). In an attempt to reduce errors further, an additional class was added to the training data to predict durability values greater than 84 and less than 98, resulting in only 11% of the samples misclassified. About 43% of the test data was classed by the neural net into the middle group—these rocks should be subject to full freeze-thaw tests. Thus, use of the probabilistic neural network would meanthat the extended test would only need be applied to 43% of the samples, and 11% of the rocks classed as acceptable would fail early. 相似文献
13.
This paper aims to determine the optimal fines content of coarse-grained soil required to simultaneously achieve weaker frost susceptibility and better bearing capacity. We studied the frost susceptibility and strength properties of coarse-grained soil by means of frost heaving tests and static triaxial tests, and the results are as follows:(1) the freezing temperature of coarse-grained soil decreased gradually and then leveled off with incremental increases in the percent content of fines; (2) the fines content proved to be an important factor influencing the frost heave susceptibility and strength properties of coarse-grained soil. With incremental increases in the percent content of fines, the frost heave ratio increased gradually and the cohesion function of fines effectively enhanced the shear strength of coarse-grained soil before freeze-thaw, but the frost susceptibility of fines weakened the shear strength of coarse-grained soil after freeze-thaw; (3) with increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles,the shear strength of coarse-grained soil decreased and then stabilized after the ninth freeze-thaw cycle, and therefore the mechanical indexes of the ninth freeze-thaw cycle are recommended for the engineering design values; and (4) considering frost susceptibility and strength properties as a whole, the optimal fines content of 5% is recommended for railway subgrade coarse-grained soil fillings in frozen regions. 相似文献
14.
从艾比湖两岸大致沿同一经度分别向南北山前地带,对39个样地进行野外调查和样品采集。通过研究植被结构和土壤性质的变化特征,探讨了植被-土壤在南北两断面上的差异。结果表明：两地植被存在群落中优势种群类型、数量、长势及其空间分布的差异,而多样性指数及植被盖度的统计学差异并不显著;土壤的粒度平均水平明显不同,而粒度的离散性及对正态的偏离度仅在表层差异显著;多种养分含量差异均显著;土壤表层、次表层含水量、含盐量（包括盐分主要离子含量）和pH的平均水平及变化程度,南北差异的显著性不一致,但整体上看,仍属于比较明显的范畴。这些差异是艾比湖南北地形、水文、气象、物源明显不同的结果,也是植被和土壤耦合作用的结果。 相似文献
15.
In order to study the shear behavior of coarse-grained fillings taken from the subgrade bottom layer of a cold region high-speed railway, large scale direct shear tests were conducted with different normal pressures, water contents and temperatures. The results indicate that the relationship between shear displacement and shear stress changed from strain-softening at lower normal pressures to strain-hardening at higher normal pressures, in both unfrozen and frozen states. This phenomenon was mainly due to the shear dilatation deformation effect. The shear displacement-shear stress curves show similar stages. Besides, the shear stress rapidly increased and there was not an increment in the shear displacement during the initial stage of the shear process in the frozen state. In both the unfrozen or frozen states at the same water contents, the shear strength increased with increasing normal pressure. 相似文献
16.
Effect of the development of notches and tension cracks on instability of limestone coastal cliffs in the Ryukyus, Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tetsuya Kogure Hisashi Aoki Akira Maekado Takashi Hirose Yukinori Matsukura 《Geomorphology》2006,80(3-4):236-244
Notches cut by waves are currently developing at the base of vertical coastal limestone cliffs in Okinawa, Japan. The cliff height varies from 3.0–22.1 m, and the maximum notch depth is 8.8 m. Many rectangular or cubic blocks, which appear to have originated from cliff failures, are found on platforms in front of the cliffs. On the flat top surface of the cliff, tension cracks often run parallel to the cliff face. The vertical face of the cliffs displays small undulations but no sliding striation, suggesting that cliff failures have been caused by toppling rather than by shearing or sliding. We use slope stability analysis to determine the critical condition for toppling failure. Physical and mechanical properties of the cliff material were first obtained from laboratory tests. The results indicate that the strength of limestone shows a scale effect, such that the strength decreases with increasing size of the test specimens. Based on this result, we estimated the strength of a rock mass corresponding to the size of the coastal cliff. Cliff stability was then analyzed using a cantilever beam model. Comparison of the stability analysis and the dimension of fallen blocks indicates that toppling failure is strongly associated with the development of notches and tension cracks. 相似文献
17.
The paper presents some methods of numerical modeling and a study of moisture changing in frozen clay soils considering rates of freezing in the base of construction.An impact assessment of moisture changes in clay soils affecting strength characteristics during thawing was carried out in stability tests. 相似文献
18.
The uneven frost heave of frost-susceptible subgrade soil causes track irregularity, which highly enhances train vibration and affects the comfort and safety of railway transportation. This paper presents a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) analysis for the freezing behavior of railway located above a box culvert. The vertical acceleration of the vehicle, an indicator of riding comfort, is predicted through a vehicle dynamic model. The results reveal that the existence of a box culvert changes the subgrade thermal pattern, leading to a deeper frost penetration depth. The frost heave amount above the box culvert is larger than the adjacent section, resulting in uneven track structure upheave and track irregularity. This frost-induced track irregularity highly affects train vibration. 相似文献
19.
随着中国进入老龄化加速阶段,老年人口的规模不仅快速扩大,而且异地迁移也逐渐增多。老年人口迁移不仅直接影响个体家庭福祉,而且对迁入迁出地的人口结构和社会经济发展产生影响,但目前聚焦于这一现象的学术与政策研究尚有不足。论文从老年人口迁移的空间格局、决策机制和影响效应3个方面梳理既有国内外文献,发现：① 空间格局上,老年人口迁移存在长距离中小城市迁移、长距离大城市迁移、短距离郊区迁移和短距离中心城区迁移4种模式,不同国家、不同发展阶段具有不同特点;② 决策机制上,老年人口迁移意愿受到经济、健康、舒适和归属等需求因素的驱动,而迁移能力则受到生理、经济与社会基础等因素影响;③ 影响效应上,老年人口迁移对个体身心健康、社会融入以及区域的经济社会发展均会产生显著影响。未来研究需要进一步夯实研究的数据和方法基础,并构建符合中国国情的理论框架,从而为积极应对人口老龄化、推动老年友好城乡建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
20.
大型振动台试验相似材料研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在分析总结近几年岩土工程物理模拟试验中常用的岩质相似材料研究现状的基础上,采用重晶石粉、石英砂、石膏、甘油配制振动台模型试验相似材料,通过不同配比的材料力学试验,考虑相似材料的含水率,分析研究了各种材料含量以及含水率变化对相似材料物理力学性质的影响规律,发现含水率对材料的抗压强度、粘聚力、弹性模量、摩擦角有较大影响,根据试验结果最终确定了振动台试验相似材料配比.试验结果证明,该相似材料力学指标稳定,能很好地满足相似材料的选材要求,便于一次性浇注较大尺寸规模的模型试件,适用于大型振动台等物理模拟试验. 相似文献