共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Forestland divestment by vertically integrated forest products companies (VIFPCs) has spurred significant forest ownership change. To illuminate these dynamics, we examined land sales after VIFPC divestment, subsequent acquisitions of conserved land, and trends in recreational access in Wisconsin. We documented changes from 1999 to 2015 with analysis of tax program records and profiles of the state’s largest investor owners, Plum Creek and The Forestland Group. Nearly all VIFPC land was sold to investors, public agencies, or smaller corporate and private owners. State tax and land acquisition programs buffered these changes: 70% of large private ownership land was retained in the forest tax program and another 16% was acquired by public and nonprofit owners. More than one-quarter of divested forestland was placed in conservation easements. Nonetheless, large private forestland open to public recreation declined by almost one-third. Investor strategies and conservation programs shaped the provision of forest benefits during ownership transitions. 相似文献
2.
Landowner Attitudes Toward Conservation Easements: Balancing the Private and Public Interest in Land
Private land conservation provides an opportunity to address problems of habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss caused by an increase in the development and parcelization of private land. Conservation easements (CEs) are used to protect significant natural qualities of private land. In this study, we explore landowner attitudes toward CEs through the implementation of a mixed-mode survey to private landowners in the Whychus Creek Watershed (Deschutes County, Oregon). The results of an exploratory factor analysis suggest there are two dimensions to landowner attitudes toward CEs, an internal dimension and an external dimension. We found that positive external attitudes are primarily influenced by environmental beliefs, whereas positive internal attitudes are influenced by a suite of factors, including financial beliefs and perceived risk to private ownership. Awareness of CEs may also play a role in attitude development. Through this research, we argue that CEs may be beneficial in reintegrating the public good into private property. 相似文献
3.
《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2018,39(3):401-420
The Indian state is empowered to acquire land on behalf of private companies by virtue of ‘eminent domain’ outlined in the Land Acquisition Act 1894. Several amendments to the 1894 Land Acquisition Act have broadened the purview of the ‘public purpose’ clause and have facilitated more state intervention in land acquisition on behalf of private capital. Rather than questioning the legitimacy of the prevailing practice of state intervention to resolve the glitches of access to land by private corporations, the New Act of 2013 has expanded the ambit of ‘public purpose’ to include public‐private‐partnership projects. This paper seeks to look into the political economy of why the neoliberal state must continue to acquire land on behalf of the capitalists in the liberalized economy. This paper also attempts to bring out the implications of divergent livelihood outcome under state acquisition and direct corporate land purchase for the land acquisition framework in India through the case study of Rajarhat New Town in West Bengal. 相似文献
4.
Grant Hunter 《New Zealand geographer》2004,60(2):48-57
There is public concern that private ownership restricts public access to land for such uses as recreation and amenity value. There is little systematically collected information about the extent of unfavourable attitudes to public access in New Zealand. This case study analyses the responses of 94 farmers/foresters to a request to operate a series of large‐scale sporting events that traversed privately owned rural land. Issues of concern to landowners included visitor health and safety, disturbance to farm or forest management, and spread of disease. Despite these concerns 90 percent of the landowners who were approached allowed access to their land for recreation. An approach for handling possible landowner requests to charge for access for large‐scale events is suggested. 相似文献
5.
Legal factors play an underrated but significant role as constraints on conservation management. In this paper, based on observations in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, mode of land tenure is assessed to determine its influence on the conservation management of coastal dunes. The tenure types considered are: private ownership, corporate private ownership, tenancy, secured tenancy, leasing, common (joint) ownership, uncertain ownership, public ownership and its subset military ownership. It is suggested that multiple private ownership is least likely to favour effective conservation management. Public ownership by a statutory conservation authority and corporate private ownership by a conservation-orientated NGO are regarded as the optimum tenure types for conservation management of coastal dunes. 相似文献
6.
MARK BELLINGHAM 《New Zealand geographer》2002,58(1):43-49
In February 2000 the New Zealand Government released its national Biodiversity Strategy with significant emphasis on the role of central and local government, communities and private landowners in achieving biodiversity conservation on public and private land. New Zealand has had provisions in legislation for the protection of biodiversity on private land for more than 70 years. There are now a wide range of of purposes and management flexibility within the nine types of covenants administered by the Department of Conservation (DoC) and the Queen Elizabeth National Trust's (QE II National Trust) Open Space covenants. In addition a small number of territorial local authorities (TLAs) manage private covenanting schemes, the most notable being the Auckland Region by Rodney and Franklin District Councils. Funding appears to be the critical issue for covenanting agencies being able to meet the objectives of the NZ Biodiversity Strategy affecting the ability of agencies to fund survey, administration, fencing, pest management and landowner advice. Unless funding is addressed landowners will be left shouldering most of the burden of conservation management, planning and funding for these areas and the tide may not have turned for biodiversity protection and enhancement on private land. 相似文献
7.
Michelle L. Lute Caitlyn R. Gillespie Dustin R. Martin Joseph J. Fontaine 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(2):218-231
Efforts to reverse declines in native grasslands benefit from agricultural policies that encourage private land conservation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) improved conservation across landscapes but enrollment has declined. We used sequential exploratory mixed methods to compare landowner and conservation practitioners’ perceptions, evaluate perceived benefits, and identify potential improvements to CRP. Focus groups of practitioners informed a quantitative survey of landowners who had properties >160 total acres in Nebraska. Results suggest potential misalignment in perceptions between practitioners and landowners. Practitioners were concerned that conservation, especially of wildlife, was secondary to profit. But the majority of landowners valued CRP-related ecosystem services, including native pollinators. Practitioners posited that younger landowners were primarily profit motivated, but CRP enrollment did not differ by demographics. Practitioners and landowners identified rule complexity as a major challenge and practitioner–landowner relationships as critical to success. Findings suggest that practitioners may underestimate non-economic motivations and illuminate opportunities to encourage private land conservation. 相似文献
8.
Aborigines, because of their population numbers and increasing control over land and resources, are crucial to the sustainable development of rural Australia. However, appropriate Aboriginal development requires the replacement of the ‘top‐down’ approaches generally adopted by government agencies by ‘bottom‐up’ approaches reflecting the needs and aspirations of rural Aboriginal people. Past experience demonstrates that Aborigines have faced many frustrations in reconciling these concepts. But some approaches now being adopted in the use and management of Australia's rangelands provide interesting alternatives which may be more generally applicable in enhancing rangeland sustainability. Examples include land‐use practices conducted by Aborigines living in remote homeland centres on their own freehold land, and the diversity of land uses introduced on pastoral stations now under Aboriginal ownership. Broader recognition of the value of these approaches will depend on widespread acknowledgment of the overall worth of Aboriginal land management knowledge in rural restructuring 相似文献
9.
Impact of LUCC on Ecosystem Service Value in the Up and Middle Reaches of Dongting Lake Basin, China
Supported by geographical information system, using Costanza method and referring to terrestrial ecosystem service value in China, the influence of land use and land cover change (LUCC) between 1980 and 2000 on ecosystem service value in the up and middle reaches of Dongting Lake basin was analyzed in this study. The results showed that the estimated value of ecosystem services decreased 8.416 9×10~8 CNY over a 21-year period, and the main reasons were that the land for forest use was exploited for cropland and construction land use in study area. Further analysis results showed that the value of single ecosystem service function such as gas regulation, climate regulation, soil formation and conservation, biodiversity conservation, raw materials as well as recreation decreased significantly; and that of provision of water conservation, waste treatment and food production increased obviously in the area. The results of coefficient sensitivity analysis indicated that these estimates were reliable. 相似文献
10.
Mainstream conservation has been long dominated globally by the protected area paradigm. This approach has been widely challenged in recent years, and new conservation initiatives have emerged. The situation is mirrored in New Zealand, where ongoing biodiversity loss has prompted reappraisal. Within this context, we highlight the plight of kiwi, focusing on Northland and efforts there to (re)make space for this iconic bird which is at risk of extinction. While the state has primarily responded by fortifying ‘islands’ on public conservation land, Far North communities are working in a variety of ways and localities, both within and beyond ‘the fortress’, to secure a future for the ‘people's bird’. 相似文献
11.
‘They are stealing my island’: Residents’ opinions on foreign investment in the residential tourism industry in Tamarin,Mauritius 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Tessa Wortman Ronnie Donaldson Guus van Westen 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(2):139-157
The small nation of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, once a poor sugar plantation island, has successfully diversified and expanded its economy since independence, by attracting foreign investment in manufacturing and modern service industries. Tourism is a major part of the ‘Mauritian Miracle’; in recent years residential tourism—attracting wealthy foreigners to take up semi‐permanent residence—has become a growth industry transforming coastal areas like Tamarin. Based on in‐depth interviews among 17 residents of Tamarin, this paper looks at how local people perceive the changes residential tourism is causing in the local area. It appears that while the majority is positive about economic changes like more jobs and income opportunities, and to some extent about improvements in infrastructure and services, there are growing misgivings about some of the social impacts. Notably, the increasing scarcity of land and rising house prices are making it impossible for growing numbers of local people to afford a place to live, resulting in growing squatter settlements in the area. Such growing social disparities challenge the Mauritian development model and may undermine its stability. These undesirable effects call for careful management of tourism development, incorporation of sustainability standards and attention to the position of major stakeholder groups, such as local residents. 相似文献
12.
聚焦于西班牙1996-2007年间的房地产泡沫,此次危机与西班牙前两次经历的地产泡沫有着相似的背景条件：将住房建设作为利好投机性投资。但几次泡沫供给结构却不同：此次住房供给主要为分散式,不同于以往的集中供应;旅游地产大量出现;房屋拥有型社会形成。作者认为供给结构的改变并非危机的主要原因,并提出了造成房地产泡沫的四个关键要素：符合一定条件的土地、土地规划的配合、充足的资金与可获得的土地所有权。结论是：政策的制定直接影响土地利用、发展规划、金融系统与个人资产、造成住房由使用品变为投机投资的对象、银行体系信用缺乏保障,最终导致了住房库存量陡增,大量房屋拆除事件与失业率攀升等经济和社会方面的不良影响。 相似文献
13.
Leigh Miller 《The Australian geographer》1995,26(2):104-111
The core questions pertaining to contract farming or ‘vertical co‐ordination’ relate to the ownership of decision‐making. Where decision‐making is partly removed from farmers there arise issues of sustainability which are inadequately addressed by current practice. A mail questionnaire conducted in North‐west Tasmania in 1990–91 obtained responses from 310 farmers, a 68 per cent return rate from the 456 valid cases initially identified. At the time of the survey, 119 respondents were involved in contract cropping, and a majority of these responses indicated a need for greater co‐ordination in farm planning. This co‐ordination requires a re‐think of the roles of both agribusiness firms and farmer organisations, as well as acceptance by farmers that long‐term planning for crop rotation and soil management has associated self‐benefit. Responsibility for soil erosion is seen to lie partly at the feet of processing firms which relegate production tasks to farmers under contract, but frequently appear to ignore the impact of short‐term planning horizons upon farmer capacity to manage soils for erosion minimisation. With few exceptions, such as the processor firm specialising in the perennial crop pyrethrum and one onion processor that encourages soil conservation, in North‐west Tasmania processing firms generally play no part in planning for sustainable land use. 相似文献
14.
Biodiversity decline continues apace across the Australian landscape with a pressing need to redesign land use to address this situation. The significance of private land increasingly is recognised for the protection and enhancement of biodiversity as landholders inevitably make decisions that affect environmental quality. Biodiversity conservation is as much a social process as a physical one. Conservation covenants are perpetual agreements under which landholders choose to conserve land voluntarily, primarily for conservation purposes. The role covenants might play in landscape-scale conservation was investigated in north-western Victoria. In-depth interviews with a range of participants were undertaken, with an emphasis on the role covenantors might play as social learning and cultural change agents. Analysis of these interviews offers useful perspectives for understanding socio-cultural dimensions of landscape change and exploring the differing values of production farmers and nature conservation landholders. Consideration is then given to approaches to engaging local production farmers in nature covenants and promoting communication between this group and the largely non-production conservationists who currently form the mainstay of conservation covenants. 相似文献
15.
Active participation in the outdoors not only provides enjoyment and adventure, but it is also important for health and promoting conservation values. The latter is particularly important for young people as they are at an impressionable stage in their lives. Geographical accessibly of recreation opportunities can be a major barrier to utlization of the New Zealand outdoors. While it would be ideal to have a variety of opportunities available to everyone regardless of residence, the distribution of opportunities is constrained by the extent of suitable lands. This research provides a population based assessment of the geographical accessibility of recreational opportunities. Accessibility has many dimensions and includes cultural, financial, and geographical barriers; therefore this research is only addressing one dimension of accessibility. Geographical Information Systems is used for the analysis, which involves a function called least-cost path analysis. This identified the travel time (using a private vehicle) via the quickest route from where people live (represented by census enumeration points) to the entry point of the recreation sites. The outputs of this research are maps and spatial statistics on the travel times to a range of recreation opportunities for different parts of New Zealand. This information is important for recreation planning. In addition, the information also provides research opportunities for modelling recreation use, especially when accessibility information is combined with landscape experience information and recreation usage statistics. 相似文献
16.
基于景观生态学的“格局-过程”理论,对维护江苏沿海地区地形地貌、水源涵养、生物多样性、游憩景观等生态系统服务的单一安全格局进行构建;根据“最小-最大约束”准则,通过镶嵌运算进行叠加,构建综合生态安全格局。运用MCR模型,设置并比对“生态安全模式”“经济发展模式”和“生态与经济协调模式”等不同模式对城镇空间扩展的影响,识别需严格保护的低安全水平区和未来城镇空间重点开发的高安全水平区。研究得出：“生态保护与经济发展”协调型模式更好平衡“生态-社会-经济”效益,合理确定城镇建设和产业发展空间,是城镇健康有序发展的最优模式。 相似文献
17.
Self-perceived Roles in Life and Achieving Sustainability on Family Farms in North-eastern Australia
Ally Lankester 《The Australian geographer》2012,43(3):233-251
Rural production landscapes in Australia are experiencing a rapid rate of change as a result of, among other factors, climate change, biodiversity loss and changing societal values. Consequently, there is increasing pressure on producers to increase their sustainability. Understanding how producers perceive themselves in the context of this changing landscape is limited but important for the design of policy effective for achieving sustainability. This paper is based on a case study in the north-eastern Australian rangelands that included face-to-face interviews with 28 beef producers and a telephone survey with another 91 producers. The study investigated male and female beef producers' self-perceived roles in life through a lens of different farming discourses and the relationship between these roles and beliefs aligned with sustainability. Results revealed that although producers' self-percieved roles in life were being constructed through a mix of more or less ‘traditional’ discourses, tradition was still a strong influence. Producers who strongly identified with roles linked to ‘less traditional’ discourses were more likely than those who strongly identified with production-orientated roles to agree with beliefs that favoured nature conservation, learning and adapting to change. Increased opportunities for producers to participate in alternative discourses would appear important for fostering a self-identity that is open to learning, difference and change. 相似文献
18.
‘Development’, resistance and the geographies of affect in Oecussi: Timor‐Leste's Special Economic Zone (ZEESM) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Michael Rose 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2017,38(2):201-215
In 2013, it was announced that Timor‐Leste's Oecussi enclave would become the site of a special economic zone. Arid, and inhabited mostly by semi‐subsistence farmers from West Timor's Meto ethno‐linguistic group, the plan entails remaking the enclave as an industrial, transport and tourism hub. To facilitate this, in mid‐2015 the authorities began the process of clearing hundreds of indigenous gardens and homes from land slated for mega‐projects intended to make the region attractive to foreign investors. In this paper, I describe how, for many Meto, land tends to be experienced as a spiritually mediated ‘geography of affect’ (Lea & Woodward, 2010) in which questions of place, belonging, spirituality and personal fortune cannot easily be divided, a reality that raises questions about the suitability of the plan's vision of globalized and investment driven ‘development’. Drawing on Scott, I argue that in Oecussi, spirits associated with the land are not apolitical, but are sometimes perceived as acting to protect locals against powerful outsiders – a characteristically Meto ‘weapon of the weak’ that is in keeping with their previous encounters with colonial regimes. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT. Rural private lands in the Mountain West of the United States are undergoing a profound land‐use conversion, from agriculture to low‐density residential or exurban development, though little scientific study documents the ecological consequences of this change. Nongovernmental conservation organizations are working with ranchers to keep rangeland out of development and in ranching, ostensibly because these organizations believe that biodiversity is better protected on ranches than on exurban developments. We compared plant and wildlife communities across the principal rural land uses in the Mountain West: protection, livestock ranching, and exurban development. Native plant and faunal biodiversity was better maintained on ranches and protected areas than on exurban developments. Exurban developments favored species that were nonnative or adapted to human‐altered environments. The continued conversion of ranches to exurban development suggests a long‐term alteration of the region's natural heritage. 相似文献
20.
韩国农业和渔业遗产系统的保护与管理(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Beak Seung-Seok 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):335-340
农业和渔业社区,除食物生产这一基本功能之外,其生物多样性及历史、文化功能正在日益引起人们的兴趣。一直以来,农业遗产系统及韩国重要农业遗产系统的发展都是大韩国民国中央政府的关键目标。在农业遗产系统发展的大前提下,一旦遗产受到损坏,假定其恢复及技术转让变得不可能,则需要开展针对其保护管理的详细研究。作者分析了几个由地方政府上报的韩国重要农业遗产系统实践案例,主要目标是确认每个案例的独特性,同时考量遗产性质、遗产面临的威胁,以及当前保护措施。作者发现,最常见的威胁是,由于农业环境的变化,维护遗产的种群在减少。相应地,每处遗产地都把大力发展当地旅游活动作为解决措施,但当前围绕旅游业制定的管理计划可能导致遗产地受到进一步的损害。作者根据分析,提出未来规划三大重要方面:加深对遗产的理解和认识;要有足够的空间来维护遗产的特性;要有新的产业计划以维持生产活动。这些建议将确保遗产保护和自然环境保护,以及通过生物多样性来确保农业和渔业社区获得有益养护。 相似文献