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1.
构建俄罗斯81×81的首府城市的日铁路客运流量矩阵,基于社会网络分析研究其铁路客运网络特征,结果表明：① 俄罗斯首府铁路客运网络松散且不均衡,西密东疏,高、中密度联系的城市位于中央联邦区与西伯利亚铁路沿线,俄欧洲北部、欧洲南部、亚洲等3个铁路区系内包含不同的子群与核心。② 日铁路客运流量表现出沿西伯利亚铁路的“廊道型”向南北两侧逐渐递减弱化的“非对称性”空间态势,西伯利亚铁路内部初步形成以莫斯科、叶卡捷琳堡-彼尔姆-秋明、鄂木斯克、新西伯利亚为核心及其外围地区的次一级“核心-边缘”格局。③ 俄人口分界线——“圣图线”西南侧城市的铁路要素集散能力、铁路联系强度、对其他节点控制程度均强于东北侧城市。 相似文献
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Moscow, the global city? The position of the Russian capital within the European system of metropolitan areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the 1990s, the city of Moscow was subject to an extraordinary transformation in its political, economic and social structures, which had consequences for the position of Moscow within the national and international hierarchy of cities. This article is concerned with the trends that can be discerned regarding the position of Moscow on the national and European scales. Without a doubt, the development of Moscow is characterized by an increasing separation from the national urban system and a growing international orientation. The Russian capital has no competitors on the national level: measured against the relevant economic indicators it is a long way ahead of the remaining Russian cities, which are primarily integrated into national and regional economic flows, and participate in the global economy only to a limited degree. Moscow, in contrast, is increasingly striving to integrate itself into transnational and international economic structures. Although the concept of Moscow as a global city is often instrumentalized in municipal politics, the ability of the Russian capital to act as a global centre is in fact limited. At present Moscow's most important function, from a Central European perspective, is to act as a bridging link between Central and Western Europe and Russia. There is a danger that the spatial disparities between Moscow on the one hand, and the remaining Russian cities and regions on the other, will continue to grow. 相似文献
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在“一带一路”与“中蒙俄经济走廊”倡议的背景下,利用人口增减变化率、人口重心、人口密度变化率、人口地理集中度、人口商度等研究21世纪以来俄罗斯的人口增长与空间分布格局变化。结果表明：（1）21世纪以来,俄罗斯人口经历了先降后增的变化过程;中央区的人口显著上升,伏尔加、西伯利亚与远东区均呈下降趋势;莫斯科、圣彼得堡、乌拉尔区、北高加索区南端的联邦主体人口快速增加,西伯利亚区多数联邦主体人口缓慢增加,远东东部、莫斯科外围地域、伏尔加区多数联邦主体的人口缓慢减少,西北区北端联邦主体的人口急剧减少。（2）俄人口空间分布格局变化主要受地区间人口迁移流动的影响。空间上,俄人口重心不断朝西北向迁移,莫斯科市与圣彼得堡市的人口密度快速增加,远东与东西伯利亚区的人口密度缓慢降低,强化了俄人口分界线——“圣彼得堡-图瓦线”。以“圣图线”为界,俄“西密东疏”“欧洲密、亚洲疏”的格局短期不会改变,整体呈“一横、四纵、两团”及若干区域人口集团的空间结构。 相似文献
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Bobkov IV 《Soviet geography》1987,28(4):244-255
Reasons for the continuing growth of central Moscow in comparison with little growth in subsidiary cities in the surrounding Moscow Oblast are examined. The author attributes this uneven growth to the concentration of shopping facilities in central Moscow. It is noted that past attempts to slow the growth of central Moscow have failed and that the only strategy likely to succeed in the future would involve developing the infrastructure of the surrounding subcenters. 相似文献
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Lydolph PE 《Soviet geography》1989,30(10):711-729
"Data from the preliminary results of the 1989 census and Naseleniye SSSR 1987 permit analyses of age-sex structures of the Soviet population and distributions by civil divisions of natural growth rates, total population growth, urban growth, rural growth, percent urbanization, and growths of cities. The paper complements the treatment of census results by macroregions appearing in the November 1989 issue of Soviet Geography...by summarizing trends emerging at a finer scale of analysis and providing recent background information on demographic components of population change." 相似文献
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"A modification of the population potential model is used to analyze the structure of the potential of population for cities of the Moscow region, to develop a relationship between population potential and city size, and to use this procedure to forecast future population change in Moscow Oblast cities." Cities in the region with a population of 50,000 or more at the censuses of 1959, 1970, and 1979 are included. 相似文献
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We examine the approach to studying and forecasting promising markets of rational nature management. The relationships between higher educational institutions—centers of scientific research competences with other organizations are determined. It is found that the flow of knowledge from universities must generate stable regional networks (innovation clusters) to concentrate a significant part of markets. It is established that the most advanced innovation clusters emerged in regions with centers of potential interregional clusters in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Tomsk as well as in Perm krai and Tyumen, Belgorod and Kaliningrad oblasts. Largely on the basis of data on funding of state programs, we estimated the total potential volume of the market until 2020. For estimating the proportion of the regions in it, it is suggested that it will be higher if the organizations of relevant regional cluster show a higher publication and patent activity with a large number of interactions. Moscow will concentrate more than 20% and St. Petersburg about 10% of the market of rational environmental management. The total volume of national products and services will make up from 0.2 to 2% of the world market of the sphere under investigation by the year 2020; therefore, it is necessary to enhance the interactions of innovation organizations within the framework of cluster initiatives. But the main problem involves the absence of international cooperation. In fact, these efforts constitute one of the first attempts to study the sector associated with applied research of Earth sciences in Russia. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(2):155-165
This paper examines modern structural shifts in Moscow in the context of national and international tendencies. It is based upon the hypothesis that one of the important characteristics of the present transitional stage of the Russian economy is the growth of the structural and qualitative gap between Moscow as a strongly dominating focus of post-industrial transformations and the rest of the country. The paper begins with a general analysis of macrostructural transformations in Russia's capital city, focusing on de-industrialization and the increasing role of producer services. This is followed by a comparison of modern trends in Moscow with those taking place in the most important world cities. In this context it is possible to evaluate the applicability of the world-city concept to transitional economies and to explore the changing role of Moscow in the international urban system. 相似文献
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This article presents a large-scale analysis of the trajectories of individual cities and regions in the world city network between 2000 and 2012. The methodology used to examine cities' evolving network centralities is based on advanced producer services firms “interlocking” cities through their worldwide distribution of offices. We do not limit our analysis to a limited set of putative world cities, but incorporate 157 cities from all world regions into this global urban analysis. Absolute and relative measures of change are developed to reveal the major dimensions of change. The most notable finding is that significant connectivity gains have been limited to a small set of cities (Dubai, Shanghai, Beijing, and Moscow in particular) in the face of persisting core–periphery patterns at the level of the global economy, with New York and London remaining firmly at the apex. At the same time, overall levels of connectivity in the world city network have clearly risen, suggesting an increasingly integrated network. In geographical terms, a west-to-east shift is discernible, albeit uneven. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(4):355-373
Housing exchange data assess how residents of the largest Soviet cities perceived the differentiation in level of living among these cities. Equivalent data for 33 regions in Moscow evaluate their relative prestige or level of living. Comparison of the results of these investigations with those from previous analogous investigations permits analysis of changes in prestige and/or level of living during perestroyka. 相似文献
12.
Environmental Justice in Hamburg,Germany 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This environmental justice study investigates whether disempowered segments of the population in Hamburg, Germany, namely, foreigners and the poor, reside disproportionately in neighborhoods that contain, have higher concentrations of, and are in closer proximity to facilities releasing toxic chemicals into the environment. Methods include choropleth mapping; comparisons of means, correlation, and ordinary least squares (OLS); and spatial econometric regression. The results provide evidence that toxic release facilities are disproportionately located within, and closer to, neighborhoods with comparatively higher proportions of foreigners and the poor as compared to those with higher proportions of German citizens and the non-poor. We speculate that the causes of this pattern of environmental inequity are similar to the causes scholars have proposed for comparable patterns observed in many U.S. cities, where marginalized immigrant or minority groups subject to discrimination in housing and employment have sought low-wage labor in industrial areas, whereas wealthier German citizens have settled in environmentally safer parts of the city. 相似文献
13.
世界遗产中古城研究方法与内容初探 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
世界遗产是全人类共同继承的文化及自然遗产 ,体现了地球上文化、自然遗产的丰富性、多样性和珍贵性。列入世界遗产名录中的古城则凝聚了人类文明史中最辉煌一页的精华。非凡的历史、艺术和科学价值使它们成为城市研究的活化石。截止 2 0 0 0年 1月 ,在联合国教科文组织公布的《世界遗产名录》中 ,古城已达 94座 ,约占世界遗产总项目的 1/ 7,并分布在世界四大洲 5 6个国家内。本文在分析了这些古城的研究意义之后 ,探讨性地建立了一套研究体系 ,提出了具体的研究方法和主要的研究内容 ,并进一步以世界文化遗产之一———中国的丽江古城为例进行了剖析。 相似文献
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城市不断膨胀使其在面对城市内涝、地震、危险事故、雾霾等危害时显现了更多的脆弱性，使得城市安全问题越来越受到广泛关注和重视，随之以安全城市为目标的城市规划与城市研究逐渐兴起。本文基于土地利用数据、人口统计数据、交通网络数据和避难绿地数据，运用景观格局指数、多尺度分析、城市网络分析工具、邻域法等方法，在ArcGIS10.2和Fragstats （ver 4.2.1）软件平台上进行空间分析，然后在以上计算结果基础上建立城市安全相似性模型对圣彼得堡和大连市景观格局视角下城市安全环境的相似性进行评价，结果显示：圣彼得堡市和大连市人口密度景观格局表现为相似，土地利用景观格局较为相似，交通网络景观格局较不相似, 避难绿地景观格局最不相似;相比而言，圣彼得堡在交通效率和避难绿地整体可达性两方面显示出优势，而大连则在“工业-居住-绿地”三大功能用地空间布局以及人口与交通网络中心性两个方面显示出优势；大连今后城市安全空间建设应注重提升交通效率和避难绿地整体可达性，以提升城市安全性。 相似文献
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1 About "Living Fossil"Some things like stones turned from the bodies of ancient living beings underground are called "fossils" in archaeology. We can know the evolvement of living beings and make sure the age of the stratum by studying fossils[1].The city is one of the most important geographic phenomena engendered because of human activities. First of all, it is because of rarity that the historic cities in world heritage list are assimilated to "living fossils". They normally exerted grea… 相似文献
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Roy H. Ryder 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(4):488-502
It is generally assumed that older mansions in the elite residential sector of Latin American cities filter down to the middle classes once their residents migrate to modern suburban homes. Five land use maps compiled between 1975 and 1999 show that the elite residential sector of Quito (Mariscal Sucre) experienced a much more complex fate. Diffusion of nonresidential land uses from the city center and its associated spine transformed the residential neighborhood into a vibrant upper‐scale business district. Sophisticated businesses subsequently moved on to modern suburban facilities, but Mariscal Sucre became a major hub for business, nocturnal entertainment, and tourism. Diversification of land use in Mariscal Sucre confirms the Crowley hypothesis of complexity in Latin American urban land use patterns ( Crowley 1995 ). 相似文献
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国内外大城市的城市森林时空变化对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市森林在减弱噪声、净化空气、调节城市气温等方面具有十分重要的作用。中国城市正处于快速发展阶段,对国内外大城市的城市森林现状及其时空变化进行对比分析可为中国城市森林的建设提供理论借鉴。跨区域城市森林对比研究的主要困难在于城市区域定义的差异导致不同城市之间可比性差。论文利用强度梯度法,基于夜间灯光影像及GlobeLand30地表覆盖产品,提取12个国内外大城市2000年和2010年的城市森林数据,探究其时空变化。结果表明,从现有城市森林量看,城市森林覆盖率及人均城市森林面积在发达国家城市中普遍偏高,而在亚洲发展中国家城市中非常低,例如纽约的人均城市森林面积高达316.5 m 2,而上海、新德里和雅加达则低于2 m 2。从时间变化看,2000—2010年城市森林面积增长率在发达国家城市中均小于70%,而在大部分发展中国家城市超过了100%。城市森林增加的最主要来源是城市面积扩张,减少的主要原因是转为硬化地面和城市草地。按照基于缓冲区分析得到的城市森林空间分布格局,这些城市可以分为3类：中心城区高、周边城区低(北京、首尔),中心城区低、周边城区高(广州、东京、圣保罗等),整个城区均低(上海、新德里、雅加达)。最后,基于对比结果为中国城市森林未来的发展提供了建议。 相似文献
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New approaches to the study of population growth, spatial distribution, and urbanization in the USSR are presented. "Quantitative analysis of historical trends in city growth rates within Moscow Oblast (1926-1984) reveals two major components or city types: a group of cities with below-(oblast) average rates for each of five periods of analysis (1926-39, 1939-59, 1959-70, 1970-79, 1979-84) and a second category experiencing above-average growth until 1970, with subsequent reduction of rates below the oblast average." 相似文献