共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
以三江平原狭叶甜茅(Glyceriaspiculosa)为研究对象,选取3个不同群落类型:狭叶甜茅优势种群落、狭叶甜茅和毛苔草(Carexlasiocarpa)为共建种的群落以及狭叶甜茅为主要伴生种的群落,共45个材料进行了ISSR分子标记分析。结果从41个引物中筛选出7个有效引物,扩增出80条清晰条带,平均每个引物扩增了11.4条带,其中70个位点是多态的,总的多态位点比率为87.5%,表明被测材料间ISSR标记多态性较高。利用Popgen(version1.32)软件分析了扩增结果,并得到了狭叶甜茅不同群落类型的遗传距离、遗传一致度、Nei和Shannon信息指数等遗传特征。结果表明,对于一个物种来说,当地理距离太近不能成为影响其遗传多样性水平的因素时,其构成的种群在群落中的地位将是影响遗传多样性水平的主要因素之一。 相似文献
2.
锦鸡儿属植物的遗传多样性及其种间关系 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
利用RAPD技术,对甘肃省自然分布的11种锦鸡儿属(CaraganaFabr.)植物的遗传多样性及其种间关系进行了研究。从34个10碱基随机引物中筛选出能产生稳定多态性标记的引物11个,共扩增出128个位点,主要集中在200~2000bp之间,其中104个表现出多态性,多态性比率高达81.25%;根据POPGENE32软件计算的Shannon多样性指数与Nei指数也较高,分别为0.3889和0.2517。说明锦鸡儿属植物具有丰富的遗传多样性,对环境变化的适应能力较强。应用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果表明,RAPD分析所反映的种间遗传关系与传统的形态学分类结果基本一致,但也有个别种的从属地位稍有变化。这说明还需要将分子标记的研究结果与形态学和其他方法结合起来进一步进行研究。 相似文献
3.
山区开矿和城镇建设使毛木耳资源日益匮乏，为了合理保护利用毛木耳资源，为新品种选育提供理论依据。也为毛木耳DNA指纹图谱的构建奠定基础，从分子水平上探讨毛木耳种间、品种间遗传关系，用ISSR标记分析毛木耳种质资源。结果表明：从27条ISSR引物中筛选出适合毛木耳种质分析的17个ISSR引物。17个引物共扩增出155条带，多态性位点155；多态性位点比率100％。基于扩增条带数据库建立了Jaccared遗传相关系数矩阵。构建了相似的分子树状图，将55个供试菌株分为5类群：Ⅰ类群含12个菌株，Ⅱ类群含11个菌株，Ⅲ类群含2个菌株，Ⅳ类群含24个菌株，Ⅴ类群含6个菌株。55个菌株的平均遗传相似系数为0．4109。同时类群的划分与菌株来源的地理分布没有关系。菌株间的遗传多样性十分丰富。用ISSR标记技术能将以传统形态特征为分类依据定名的菌株全部分开。 相似文献
4.
《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,(5)
利用SSR(简单重复序列)标记研究红椿分布区天然居群的遗传多样性,为红椿种质资源的保护和开发提供理论依据。本文筛选7对SSR引物,分析了湖北等5省(区)24个居群的192份红椿种质的遗传多样性,利用Data Formater、Popgene、NTSYS、TFPGA等软件进行遗传数据转换、遗传参数估算、树状聚类图和遗传变异分析。结果显示:(1)7对引物共检测到17个等位基因(N_a),平均每个引物为2.2602个,其中引物S11和S422检测到的等位基因数最多,均为4个。Nei's遗传多样性指数均值(H)为0.4909,Shannon信息指数均值(I)为0.7321,多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.5182;平均期望杂合度(H_e)和观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.1055和0.4956。居群Nei's遗传距离介于0.000–2.635之间,均值为0.548;居群遗传多样性平均水平(H=0.1044)低于物种水平(H=0.4909)。(2)居群遗传分化系数(F_(st))介于0.2374–0.9148,平均为0.7727;居群基因流(N_m)均值为0.0735,表示居群间遗传交流水平低,遗传变异主要来自居群内。(3)在遗传一致度为0.99时,24个居群UPGMA聚类为3大群组:贵州和广西居群聚为一组,湖南聚类为1组;湖北聚类为1组。Mantel检验结果显示居群间的遗传距离与地理距离间呈现显著相关性(r=0.6318,P=0.0090.05)。红椿居群遗传多样性处于偏低水平,地理隔离是红椿种源间产生遗传分化的重要的原因。进行红椿种质资源保护时,应侧重选育群体遗传多样性最高的居群(如P14);遗传多样性低的居群,应就地保护与迁地保护相结合,综合生态和用材目标,最大化保存和利用好红椿的多样性。 相似文献
5.
不同海拔区兰州百合(Lilium davidii.var.unicolor)栽培群体遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《中国沙漠》2016,(4)
为了研究不同海拔区兰州百合(Lilium davidii.var.unicolor)栽培群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化,应用ISSR技术,用8条ISSR引物对甘肃七道梁4个海拔区兰州百合栽培群体共175个个体进行扩增,共扩增出59条带,其中多态性条带为51条。结果显示:(1)兰州百合栽培群体在物种水平遗传多样性较高,物种水平上PPF=86.44%,h=0.2163,I=0.3413;(2)兰州百合栽培群体间遗传相似很高,4个栽培群体间的遗传一致度0.9860~0.9951;遗传分化系数均值Gst=0.113,栽培群体间变异占总变异的11.3%,群体内变异占总变异的88.7%,基于Gst的判定结果表明,各栽培群体遗传分化中等;(3)基于Gst值估算基因流Nm=3.9247,选择以及迁移是影响各栽培群体间Nm、群体遗传平衡、种群间遗传结构分化的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
新疆贝母具较高的药学利用价值,但现存量稀少,被列为新疆Ⅲ级保护植物。为了探明其天然居群的遗传多样性,本研究选取3个叶绿体基因片段对18个居群的235个个体进行测序。结果表明:新疆贝母总的遗传多样性较高;居群间发生了明显的遗传分化;遗传距离与地理距离呈显著的相关性;昭苏县及新源县的居群具有较高的遗传多样性。居群间的地理障碍及自身的有限传播距离可能导致了居群间的遗传分化。较高的遗传灭绝风险提示应该及时对新疆贝母的天然居群进行保护,尤其在遗传多样性较高的昭苏、新源地区。 相似文献
7.
内蒙古羊草草原优势物种生产力对气候变化响应的动态模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变暖影响植物生产力,进而影响群落的结构和演化。本文提出在不同的温度年变化率条件下内蒙古锡林郭勒盟锡林河流域羊草草原主要物种演化的动力学模型,模拟了近几十年来4个主要物种羊草、大针茅、变蒿和西伯利亚羽茅的地上初级生产力对气候变暖的响应过程。模拟和预测结果表明,在气温升高幅度不大的情况下,这4个物种的优势顺序不会发生改变,当温度年变化率高于0.06℃时,竞争能力相近物种的优势顺序发生了转换,即第一、三奇数优势物种羊草和变蒿退化为第二、四偶数优势物种,原来的偶数优势物种第二、四大针茅和西伯利亚羽茅进化为第一、第三奇数优势物种,出现的物种优势顺序为大针茅、羊草、西伯利亚羽茅和变蒿。如果温度年变化率达到0.17℃,物种的强弱顺序将重新组合,变为大针茅、西伯利亚羽茅、羊草和变蒿。现有的观测资料初步验证了这种变化的可能性。研究结果为该区羊草草原群落动态预测和草原管理提供依据。 相似文献
8.
9.
以内蒙古苏尼特右旗短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,通过划区轮牧与自由放牧的比较试验,从植物构件方面研究了3种主要植物种短花针茅、无芒隐子草和碱韭营养枝、生殖枝、分蘖节及其根生物量和能量分配对不同放牧制度的响应。结果表明,禁牧和划区轮牧有利于植物的地上部分生长和有性繁殖,自由放牧区短花针茅和无芒隐子草将把更多的资源和能量用于营养生长,有性生殖严重受阻,以抵御不利的生长环境;划区轮牧提高了碱韭分蘖节的生物量、短花针茅和碱韭构件能量现存量及总能量现存量。短花针茅、无芒隐子草和碱韭根的生物量、能量现存量、生物量分配比例以及根冠比能量现存量、根的能量分配比例划区轮牧区与自由放牧区均高于禁牧对照区;短花针茅、无芒隐子草和碱韭不同构件及植株整体热值划区轮牧区也高于自由放牧区。营养枝与生殖枝的生物量和能量分配没有显著的颉颃关系,但营养枝与分蘖节生物量和能量分配比例间呈显著的颉颃关系。 相似文献
10.
互花米草(Spartina alternifora)自1990年被引种到黄河三角洲后,快速扩张,已经威胁了该地区潮间带的生态安全。研究黄河三角洲互花米草群体的遗传变异,拟从遗传进化角度了解其扩散机制,以期为防控和管理互花米草扩张提供科学依据。利用了13对微卫星分子标记,对黄河三角洲4个互花米草群体(群体1~群体4的位置分别在一千二、大汶流、五号桩、黄河口)中共160个个体进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。研究结果表明,黄河三角洲互花米草具有较高的遗传多样性,每个位点平均观察等位基因数(Na)为(7.385±2.256),平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为(3.636±1.102),Nei’s基因多样性指数为(0.700±0.094),Shannon信息指数为(1.453±0.343),多态位点百分率为100%。群体1的Na、Ne、Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数都最小,而其它3个群体的遗传多样性水平相似。但是,4个群体间存在中等的遗传分化(群体分化率Fst=0.121),群体间总的基因流也处于中等水平(Nm=1.825)。群体1、群体2和群体3之间的遗传一致度最高,而群体4和其它3个群体间的遗传一致度都比较低。已知群体3是黄河三角洲唯一被引种的互花米草群体,是扩散的源头,根据4个群体的遗传结构,本研究推测互花米草先从群体3扩散到群体4,再从群体3扩散到群体1和群体2,扩散顺序与地理距离不相关,说明互花米草的种子通过海水传播可以实现跳跃式长距离扩散。因此,研制和施用环境友好型药物,使互花米草种子败育,可能是控制互花米草入侵的一种途径。 相似文献
11.
In order to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and development of T. ciliata germplasm resources, we studied the genetic diversity of T. ciliata by using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) primers to evaluate the genetic diversity of 192 T. ciliata germplasm samples from 24 populations of 5 provinces. DataFormater, Popgene, NTSYS, TFPGA and other software were used for genetic data conversion, genetic parameter estimation, dendrogram construction and genetic variation analysis. The results showed that: 1) a total of 17 alleles (Na) were detected in seven pairs of primers, with an average of 2.260 for each primer. Among them, the highest numbers of alleles (4) were detected in primers S11 and S422.The mean value of Nei’s genetic diversity index (H) was 0.4909, the mean value of Shannon information index (I) was 0.7321, and the mean value of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.5182. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) were 0.1055 and 0.4956, respectively. The Nei°s genetic distances of the populations ranged between 0.0002 and 2.6346, and the mean was 0.5477. The average genetic diversity level (H=0.1044) of the 24 populations was lower than that of the species (H=0.4909). 2) The genetic differentiation coefficients (Fst) varied from 0.2374 to 0.9148, with an average value of 0.7727. The mean of population gene flow (Nm) was 0.0735, indicating a low level of genetic exchange between populations, and suggesting that the genetic variation mainly came from within populations. 3) With the UPGMA method, the 24 populations were clustered into 3 groups at Nei’s genetic identity (0.99): the populations from Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were clustered into one group, the populations from Hunan Province were in another group, and the populations from Hubei Province were in the third group. The Mantel test analysis showed a significant correlation between Nei’s genetic distance and geographic distance (r=0.6318, P=0.009?0.05). The genetic diversity of the 24 populations of T. ciliata was at a low level. Geographic isolation was the main reason for genetic differentiation among T. ciliata provenances. In the protection of germplasm resources of T. ciliata, emphasis should be placed on breeding genetic resources from the populations with higher genetic diversity (P14, for example). As for the populations with low genetic diversity, an ex-situ protection strategy as well as ecological and timber objectives, should be taken into account to maximize the conservation and utilization of the diversity of T. ciliata. 相似文献
12.
Grazing in arid Mediterranean ecosystems brings about changes in species diversity, but the best way to measure such changes is unclear. In this study we compared various methods in order to identify indicators that might be useful for the management and conservation of grazed arid Mediterranean ecosystems.Changes in community structure and composition were compared along a previously studied grazing gradient in Cabo de Gata-Nijar Natural Park. Plant diversity was measured by calculating diversity (Shannon information index), evenness (Pielou index) and richness (species number). Rarefaction curves were used to measure plant species richness and the results were compared with traditional richness values. Community structure was measured as the percentage of bare ground and the coverage of overall perennial grasses, Stipa tenacissima L., perennial shrubs and annual plants. Our results showed that the proportion of bare ground, the cover of perennial shrubs and the relative abundance of S. tenacissima are good indicators of grazing effects on vegetation. Overall plant community structure was more sensitive to the grazing gradient than were the diversity indices. Finally, the adequacy of standardized methods for comparing species richness (i.e. rarefaction curves) along a grazing gradient are discussed. 相似文献
13.
《湿地科学》2015,(5)
Chinese medaka(Oryzias sinensis),widely distributed in the plateau lakes,Yunnan Province,which was the indicative specie for the habitat quality of riparian zone in the wetland ecosystems and also was the key specie in the lake ecosystems,and also was one of the fishes who suffered the severe invasion of alien species.There,we investigated that the genetic diversity and population structure of the wild Chinese medaka by using inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)analysis.The samples(20 individuals in total)of Chinese medaka in three populations in the drainage area of Dian Lake were obtained.The 7 ISSR primers were picked out to assess the genetic diversity.The ISSR primers combinations revealed 82.69%polymorphism,among 52 genetic loci amplified.The sum of effective number of alleles and observed number of alleles were 1.492 4 and 1.826 9,respectively.The Shannon genetic diversity and Nei genetic diversity indexes of all the populations were 0.434 5 and 0.289 7,respectively.The gene differentiation(GST)was 0.198 9,and the gene flow(NM)was 2.013 2.The AMOVA demonstrated that only 6.65%of genetic variance came from inter-population,and 93.35%of genetic variance came from intra-population.Phylogenetic tree showed that 20 individuals from 3 populations were clustering mixed each other.Also,the principal coordinate analysis(PCA)supported the cluster analysis results.These results indicated that the genetic diversity of Oryzias sinensis was at the middle level,and there was no obvious genetic differentiation among the three populations of Oryzias sinensis. 相似文献
14.
Caragana microphylla is the most dominant and constructive shrub species in the Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern
China. We evaluated the level of genetic variation within and among C. microphylla populations sampled from three
different temperature gradients in the Horqin Sandy Land by using inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism (ISSR)
molecular markers. The results show that eight ISSR primers generated 127 bands, of which 123 (96.85%) were
polymorphic. At the species level, genetic diversity was relatively high (P = 96.85%, h = 0.3143, I = 0.4790). The
highest genetic diversity was observed in the Subp6 population from low temperature regions, whereas the lowest diversity
was found in the Subp2 population from high temperature regions. Six populations of C. microphylla clustered
into two clades. These results have important implications for restoring and managing the degraded ecosystem in arid
and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
15.
研究了科尔沁沙地疏林草地、针茅草原和草甸植被盖度、地上和地下生物量、物种多样性对围封和放牧的响应。结果表明：（1）围封与放牧草地的优势植物不同,围封草地植物群落优势植物为多年生禾本科植物,放牧草地中一年生植物和小半灌木优势明显。（2）围封和放牧草地的植物盖度、凋落物量、地上生物量和物种丰富度存在明显差异（P<0.05）;围封显著提高了植被盖度和地上生物量,由疏林草地、针茅草原到草甸,植物盖度和地上生物量逐渐增加,而3种草地植被凋落物量大小顺序为针茅草原> 疏林草地> 草甸;放牧条件下植物盖度、凋落物量和物种丰富度差异不显著（P>0.05）。（3）3种草地之间的地下生物量无显著差异（P>0.05）,但围封与放牧之间、不同土壤层次之间地下生物量存在明显差异（P<0.05）;围封显著提高草地的地下生物量（P<0.05）;草地地下生物量随着土壤深度表现出下降趋势（P<0.05）。长期放牧增加了草地一年生植物和小半灌木植物的优势,消除了不同草地之间植被盖度和物种丰富度的差异;而围封能提高草地多年生禾本科植物的优势、增加其物种丰富度,对于草地质量和植物多样性的恢复和保育具有积极作用。 相似文献
16.
运用空间自相关分析,对我国西北地区28个红砂种群的60个ISSR位点进行空间分布的研究,从14个ISSR引物扩增的多态位点中,选取基因频率在30％~70％之间的位点,根据等样对频率和等距离间隔的方法对红砂种群进行空间结构的分析。通过Moran’s I值显示:红砂种群的多数ISSR位点在种群间的分布缺乏一定的空间结构,为随机分布,少数ISSR位点表现出微弱的空间结构,红砂种群总体的空间结构为随机分布。红砂种群遗传变异空间模式的形成是基因流、自然选择、种群隔离以及物种扩散特性综合作用的结果。对红砂种群的空间结构分析能有助于进一步探讨红砂随机大种群的进化与生态过程,为以后的保护工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
黄土高原西部荒漠草原植被恢复的土壤水分管理研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
针对兰州地区荒漠草原带具有代表性的三种地带性植被：草本植被短花针茅、灌木植被珍珠猪毛菜、荒漠锦鸡儿,对其0~2.0 m的土壤含水量进行了比较,同时对草本和灌木植被的根系进行了测定。结果表明：天然植被对土壤含水量的影响在1 m以上。随着土壤深度的不断加深,土壤含水量呈减少趋势而后趋于稳定。短花针茅区1 m以上含水量比珍珠猪毛菜和荒漠锦鸡区平均高1.08和1.21个百分点;1 m以下土壤含水量变化情况是:珍珠猪毛菜区最高,荒漠锦鸡儿区最低。本文在分析了兰州地区荒漠草原区土壤水分动态的基础上,提出了这一地区植被恢复的对策。 相似文献
18.
退化羊草草原在浅耕翻处理后植物多样性动态研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用多年样方资料的统计分析,对退化草原群落浅耕翻处理后恢复过程中的生物多样性变化规律及引起这些变化的主要植物种群进行研究,结果表明：退化羊草草原在浅耕翻恢复过程中其多度分布特征表现为个别种个体的快速富集（建群种）和少数种随演替进程的富集（优势种）,多度很少的种类（偶见种和伴生种）增加的过程,以上特征与恢复过程中羊草的增加密不可分。退化羊草草原在浅耕翻恢复过程中出现多样性指数的3个高峰期,但多样性指数总变化趋势为开口向上的抛物线状。物种多样性可作为丰富度与均匀度的一个综合反映,在退化草地改良恢复过程中均匀度起着更主导的作用。均匀性指数的整体趋势与多样性指数相似。群落主要植物种群与多样性指数存在着显著的相关关系,其中羊草、冷蒿、冰草、针茅、糙隐子草、变蒿、星毛萎陵菜的密度和生物量与多样性指数具有显著或极显著的线性回归关系。黄蒿的生物量、双齿葱的密度与多样性指数呈显著的线性关系。 相似文献
19.
Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare L. Link) is an African agamospermous grass that has been widely introduced into arid regions of the world to improve rangelands for cattle production and as a result, it has invaded adjacent habitats. In this study, ISSR markers were employed to assess genotypic variation in populations of P. ciliare from north-western Mexico. We sampled plants from pasture and from colonizing roadside populations in order to explore if invasion success is associated with greater levels of genotypic diversity. Three ISSRs primers produced 27 reproducible bands that were used to screen 480 plants from sixteen populations. Mean values of the proportion of distinguishable genotypes (G/N) were 0.29, Nei's genotypic diversity was 0.75 and multilocus evenness (E) was 0.50. Sixty-seven multilocus genotypes were detected among 480 plants, with 46 (69%) restricted to single populations and 21 (31%) found in two or more populations. Our results showed no significant differences in genotypic diversity between pasture and roadside populations, suggesting that in P. ciliare invasion success is not directly associated with greater levels of genotypic variation. Probably, other factors such as phenotypic plasticity and propagule pressure could be major determinants of the invasion success of buffelgrass in this region of Mexico. 相似文献