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Høgni Kalsø Hansen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):156-168
This paper analyses the relationships between employment growth, human capital and regional development. To understand the spatial development of employment growth, we distinguish between the public and the private sector. The public sector has a major role in Denmark in the form of a large share of total employment and employment growth across space. We examine in particular the uneven geography of human capital and the relationships between the growth of human capital and total employment growth by Danish municipalities. It is moreover analysed, whether there is a concentration of human capital in the largest city-regions, and how such concentrations contribute to the uneven geography of employment growth. The paper concludes that both the public and private sectors are important regarding employment growth in Danish municipalities. Further, public and private human capital contributes to employment growth, and the public sector contributes, over time, to diminishing the uneven spatial distribution of human capital while the private sector increases the spatial inequality. Moreover, urbanisation has a significant effect on employment growth and human capital formation, both when it comes to the large city regions, and, in general, the distance to city centres. 相似文献
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Kalle Emil Holst Hansen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2015,115(2):133-141
This paper investigates the mobility of highly skilled labour, using doctors in public hospitals in Denmark as an example. From the perspective of regional development, the concentration of human capital is one of the contributors to regional growth and consequently to inequality between places, being associated most often with differences in economic growth between regions. The decentralisation of highly skilled public jobs to even out the concentration of human capital could be one way to stimulate growth outside city regions. However, such initiatives are somewhat dependent upon the cooperation of the highly skilled public employees, whose preferences have been little studied thus far. Based on data from a survey of 1600 publicly employed doctors, PLUM regression modelling was applied to test the relative significance of four professional preferences influencing choice of workplace. It was found that professional preferences have different influences on doctors’ choices, depending on their place of residence measured in terms of a location’s population density. The paper concludes that opportunities in employment depend on one’s stage in life and can serve to explain choices and mobility among highly skilled public employees. 相似文献
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京津冀地区乡村振兴地域模式研究——基于乡村非农就业与农民增收的空间效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨乡村非农就业与农民增收、农业农村发展之间的辩证关系,构建乡村振兴地域模式,对有序推进城镇化,实现农民生活富裕与乡村振兴具有重要意义。将京津冀地区划分为京津近郊区（I）、冀东北地区（II）、冀中平原区（III）、冀西太行山区（IV）、坝上地区（V）五类地域类型,采用2000—2016年京津冀县域面板数据,应用空间回归模型测算了京津冀地区乡村非农就业对农民增收的空间效应,提炼了京津冀地区乡村振兴地域模式。结果表明：① 京津冀地区及五类地域类型区乡村就业非农化率与农民收入持续增长,2000—2016年,京津冀地区农村居民人均纯收入由2486元增至11920元,乡村就业非农化率由38.9%增至57.5%,五类地域类型区乡村就业非农化率排序依次为：I>III>II>IV>V,农村居民人均纯收入排序依次为：I>II>III>IV>V;② 京津冀地区乡村就业非农化率每提高1个单位,农民收入增长9.215个单位,I、II、III、V区就业非农化对农民收入的弹性系数分别为29.986、-23.605、-10.388、9.951,IV区两者之间关系不显著;③ 依据不同地域类型乡村非农就业与农民增收的特征、机理与未来发展趋势,提炼了京津冀地区乡村振兴的四种地域模式,即就业平稳型+农工商主导、兼业型+现代农业主导、就业输出型+复合型特色农业主导、就业输出型+生态农旅主导。 相似文献
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对外贸易是一国或地区与世界经济联系的重要纽带,经济全球化会通过进出口贸易对一国或地区经济带来就业和经济增长等方面的风险。因此研究贸易风险及其区域分布对于稳定区域经济增长与扩大就业具有重要的现实意义。本文以广东省为例,研究贸易风险的经济影响及其区域空间分布。实证研究表明,出口的增长对于地区经济的成长和就业的增长尤其重要;然而,过分地依赖出口,将不利于地区经济的稳健成长,也不利于就业的增长,贸易依存度高的地区一旦出口受阻,则会带来失业增加、产业受损等不利后果。对广东省贸易风险的空间分布分析表明,贸易风险较高的地区主要集中于珠三角地区,尤其是东莞、深圳、惠州和珠海等地区。这对贸易风险防范具有重要指导意义,当全球经济有衰退趋势时,贸易依存度较高的地区应提前做好贸易风险防范的措施。 相似文献
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James W. Harrington 《The Professional geographer》1995,47(1):87-96
Fifteen years of academic concern about the extent, causes, and implications of the explosion of service activities as a proportion of regional and national employment and income have verified the increased proportion of employment in these activities, their tendencies toward concentration, their structural role in local economies, their potential to form part of a region's economic base, and their importance in assisting other activities in the regional economy. There has been some progress in modeling the locational needs of intermediate or producer services. Beyond this progress, however, lies much uncharted territory. This paper makes recommendations for the direction of basic research and of policy-oriented work. 相似文献
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按照区域发展的Logistic理论模型特征,探索性地将区域发展转型过程划分为缓慢积累期、加速成长期、高速发展期和平稳成熟期4个阶段。选取人口-社会结构、经济增长、产业结构和就业结构4项经济社会发展形态,构建区域经济社会发展阶段划分的指标体系和综合度指数,并开展中国省域尺度的区域经济社会发展阶段识别与评价。结果表明:我国区域经济社会发展演化过程中,4项形态发展不具有同步性,表现为产业结构转型程度高、发展阶段超前,而人口-社会结构、经济增长和就业结构相对落后;2000—2015年我国省域区域经济社会发展综合度不断提高,且呈现出明显的空间地域分异特征,基本形成了东部发达地区发展程度高、综合度指数高的高值区,东北地区、渝鄂中西部核心区以及山西、陕西、内蒙古和宁夏能源富集区中等发展阶段、综合度指数中等的中值区,其他区域发展阶段低、综合度指数低的低值区的空间格局。 相似文献
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LOUISE JOHNSON 《New Zealand geographer》2003,59(1):17-26
This paper will briefly examine employment trends in regional Australia before focusing on one manufacturing, coastal region ‐ Geelong, Victoria –over the 1990s. It will consider the experience of a differentiated sample of women as they enter (and re‐enter) the one sphere of economic activity seen by many as the economic future of cities and regions ‐the service sector. Interviews detailed women's employment histories and experiences but despite the complexity of their multiple locations, this paper will argue that it is their disadvantaged positions as women workers that is fundamental in shaping that experience, regardless of how it is complicated by age, ethnicity or disability. 相似文献
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本文以美国经济区为基本地域单元，以区位商和相关系数为主要研究指标，从一般投资区位和新建投资区位两方面研究了美国外商制造业直接投资区域分异模式。主要研究结论如下：外商制造业企业就业与美国制造业企业就业的区域分布很相似，但更倾向于集中在美国东南部；外商新建投资企业相对集中在新英格兰部分地区和东南部，得克萨斯和路易丝安那海岸地区，密苏里州和伊利诺伊州西部；外商新建企业倾向于分布在高人口密度区，但相关性没有美国本国新建企业强；外商新建投资企业与外商并购企业的分布略有不同。 相似文献
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Univariate indicators such as employment are often used to benchmark economic growth at the local and regional levels. However, the tremendous technological and industrial changes in the U.S. economy in the second half of the twentieth century suggest this practice may be outdated. In fact, the singular use of univariate indicators to benchmark regional development may obscure a much richer and more complex web of economic processes. Given the potential complexities associated with regional benchmarking in the current global economy, this paper will explore the numerical differences in economic performance presented by popular univariate indicators of regional growth. Results demonstrate a univariate approach to benchmarking presents an incomplete snapshot of regional performance that is incapable of capturing the multifaceted nature of economic growth in today’s global knowledge economy. Although job creation remains an important component to development efforts, many other factors should be considered in evaluations of regional performance, including the industries in which jobs are created and their associated wages. 相似文献
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借鉴时间地理学理论与方法,提出农村劳动力转移就业时空路径概念。以安徽省4个样本村为例,使用ArcGIS、SPSS等软件进行数据分析,得出农村劳动力转移就业时空路径的基本类型与特征:① 农村劳动力依据时空路径特征可分为稳定型、逐步稳定型、漂泊不定型、回流型、逐步开拓型、断续型六种类型;② 4个样本村劳动力打工时空路径演化有明显的地域差异;③ 21世纪初期是农村劳动力全面接受打工就业方式的时期,就业行业主要集中在建筑业、制造业、服务业,“老家亲戚、朋友”是最重要的打工媒介;④ 农村劳动力在打工地和家乡间的流动节律有“春节型”、“节假日型”、“休息日型”、“每日型”四种类型;⑤ 农村劳动力转移就业具有明显的空间指向和粘性特征,家乡是重要的结点空间,社会经济地理位置是地域差异形成的重要原因。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):368-378
Economic base analysis is a cost-effective and accurate means of predicting employment impacts in relatively small and uncomplicated regional (community) economies. Extending previous research using the Arizona Community Data Set, this paper estimates economic base multipliers in different types of communities by introducing dummy variables into regression equations. Total employment, transfer payments, and population potential are used as explanatory variables. Manufacturing centers are shown to have larger multipliers than diversified places, mining settlements, service and trade communities, and utility towns. 相似文献
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为分析“机器代人”影响下的劳动密集型城镇新增长动力，文章构建了“机器代人”背景下城镇新增长模式的分析框架，以珠三角城镇增长的代表性地区--佛山市顺德区为案例，重点从技术、产业、人口和空间4个方面进行了探讨。研究发现：“机器代人”的推广应用极大地促进了地区的技术升级，企业和政府共同推动着地区技术升级路径从“二次创新”走向“一次创新”。技术升级对产业升级和人口变化产生重要的影响，一方面促使了家电等传统产业转型升级，传统产业对自动化设备的需求又带动了机器人产业的发展；另一方面削减了普通劳动力需求，催生新的就业机会，促使地区就业结构变化。产业升级和人口变化共同促进空间组织产生变化，创新要素在空间上扩散与集聚，区域形成“大集聚、小分散”的格局，边界地区成为区域新的增长核心。在“机器代人”影响下顺德区形成了技术、产业、人口和空间相互影响与促进的城镇新增长模式。 相似文献
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北京流动人口特征与经济发展关系的区域差异 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
在整理分析官方网站和实地问卷调查数据的基础上,研究了1997年以来北京流动人口来源地、教育水平、年龄结构、就业等特征变化与中心区、近郊区、远郊区3个圈层经济发展的关系以及不同来源地、不同来京时间、不同教育水平、不同年龄、不同职业、不同收入、不同居住状况、不同未来流动意愿的人口在这三个区域的分布差异。研究表明：①流动人口主要来自华北地区的传统格局在发生着变化,来自距离相对较远文化上与北京差异较大地区的人口比重上升 (7.5%),表明距离成本、文化心理成本在流动人口总转移成本中的重要性下降;② 流动人口趋于在近远郊区的集中分布与这一地带日益成为北京的发展重心密切相关;③ 第三产业在创造流动人口的就业中发挥着重要作用;④ 其就业结构趋于与全市产业结构一致并接近北京城区常住居民的就业结构,而与乡村居民的就业结构差异较大是这一群体的重要就业特征;⑤他们在第三产业白领部门就业的比重远低于城区常住居民,但这一状况在逐步转变,已由1997年约为城区常住居民的1/8升到2002年的1/5;⑥ 中心区的流动人口在来源地、来京时间、年龄结构、教育水平、职业构成、收入水平、居住状况、未来愿望等方面与近远郊区的流动人口有明显差异。 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(7):632-656
This paper examines population and employment growth in 219 emerging metropolitan (micropolitan) areas in the United States during the 1980s. In the spirit of Carlino and Mills (1987) and Clark and Murphy (1996), a partial adjustment model is used to examine the simultaneity of population and employment change, while controlling for the area-specific effects of amenities, fiscal conditions, and demographic composition, as well as for broad regional differences. The statistical evidence does not provide strong support for the simultaneity of micropolitan-area population and employment change during that decade. 相似文献
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流动人口在北京中心区和近远郊区分布差异的调查研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
为深入认识中国流动人口在城市内不同地带就业、生活的分布状态与分布差异,选择北京为例,着重社会学角度,分析研究了流动人口在北京中心区、近郊区、远郊区三个地带的分布差异。发现：①中心区、近郊区、远郊区的流动人口在人口来源地、来京时间长度、年龄结构、教育水平、职业构成、收入水平、居住状况、未来愿望等诸方面存在明显的地带分布梯度差异;②除教育程度相对较低外,中心区是来源地较近、年龄较大、来京时间较长、收入相对较高、就业相对稳定、消费水平相对较高之外来人口聚集地;③近远郊区是来源地较远、年龄较轻、来京时间较短、收入相对较低、就业稳定性较差、消费水平相对较低而教育程度却相对较高的外来人口主要分布区。 相似文献
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Economic base analysis is a cost-effective and accurate means of predicting employment impacts in relatively small and uncomplicated regional (community) economies. Extending previous research using the Arizona Community Data Set, this paper estimates economic base multipliers in different types of communities by introducing dummy variables into regression equations. Total employment, transfer payments, and population potential are used as explanatory variables. Manufacturing centers are shown to have larger multipliers than diversified places, mining settlements, service and trade communities, and utility towns. 相似文献
19.
洞庭湖地区农业功能时空演变的影响机制研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
农业功能的时空演变规律和影响因素研究是引导地区分工、凸显地域价值、促进区域协调发展的科学依据。以洞庭湖地区24个县市区为研究区域，分别从粮食生产功能、就业与社会保障功能、生态保育功能和旅游休闲功能构建评价指标体系，运用熵值法、农业功能变化时空差异诊断模型、地理探测器等方法模型对洞庭湖地区1997—2017年农业功能的动态变化过程、影响因素与作用机制进行研究。结果表明：① 1997—2017年洞庭湖地区农业功能时空变化特征显著：洞庭湖地区粮食生产功能整体呈增强趋势，且中部地区增强明显；就业与社会保障功能整体呈减弱变化趋势，市辖区尤为明显；生态保育功能整体呈减弱趋势且变化幅度大，石门县、安化县等丘陵地区减弱明显，而洞庭湖中部平原区域增强；旅游休闲功能整体呈增强变化态势，石门县、桃江县等地区以及各市辖区旅游休闲功能大幅度提升。② 农业发展基础是农业功能演变的决定性因素，地区发展水平是农业功能演变的重要因素，生产环境质量是洞庭湖地区农业功能演变的基础因素；地区发展水平对农业功能演变的影响程度逐渐上升，生产环境质量因素的影响程度逐渐下降；各影响因子之间存在交互作用，农业功能时空的演变过程及结构受到多个因子共同影响，说明洞庭湖地区农业功能演变的影响因素存在显著的复杂性特征。 相似文献
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In the past decade Australian immigration policy has emphasised settlement of refugees/humanitarian entrants in rural and regional locations, in preference to metropolitan areas. The settlement outcomes of a case study of African humanitarian entrants of South Sudanese background in Murray Bridge, a regional centre in South Australia, are examined. These participants were self-settled secondary movers from metropolitan Adelaide. The factors which attracted them were centred on employment. Settlement outcomes for Murray Bridge respondents were better than their urban counterparts, in terms of both housing and employment outcomes. However, some later left Murray Bridge because of a lack of opportunities for tertiary education. The results highlight issues of sustainability of settlement and retention, in regional centres in Australia, and of the fluidity of attraction and retention factors and therefore settlement in regional centres. 相似文献