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1.
The Yangtze River is the third largest river in the world and the longest and largest river in China.China has adopted a national strategy to protect the Yangtze River.A better understanding of the ecosystem services value along the Yangtze River would provide support for the Yangtze River protection strategy.Using Costanza’s method to estimate the ecosystem services value,the value of 10 ecosystem services was estimated within 1 km and 2 km from the Yangtze River in 2017.These 10 services were derived from the four established groupings of provisioning,regulating,supporting,and cultural services.This study compared and analyzed the changes in the ecosystem services value in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the river,and in provinces,cities,and villages along the Yangtze River.The total ecosystem services value within 1 km and 2 km from the river was 37.208 and 43.769 billion yuan,respectively.Within 1 km,the ecosystem services value in the middle reaches was 12.93 billion yuan,while the next highest value was in the upper reaches at 12.45 billion yuan,and the downstream area had the smallest value of 11.855 billion yuan.Within 2 km,the value of upstream ecosystem services was the highest at 16.31 billion yuan,while the second highest value was in the middle reaches at 14.376 billion yuan,and the smallest value was in the downstream area at 13.083 billion yuan.In the Yangtze River Basin,regulating services played a leading role,accounting for 81.6%and 78.9%of the ecosystem services value within 1 km and 2 km from the river,respectively.Among the 10 ecosystem services,hydrological regulation was the most important,while the value of raw material production made the smallest contribution.Among the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River,the highest ecosystem services value was in Hubei Province,while the lowest values were in Shanghai and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.If villages within 1 km and 2 km from the river were to be relocated,the total regional ecological value would increase by 527 and 975 million yuan,respectively. 相似文献
2.
《湿地科学》2016,(2)
Understanding the value of ecosystem services is useful for the decision making and sustainable management of the wetlands. It would be better to integrate ecological, economic and social factors into ecosystem service valuation. The general value of the Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve in the southwest China by integrating a social welfare weight, which is determined by a three-level analytic hierarchy process, was calculated. Through analyzing the functions, stakeholders and ecosystem services of the Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve, the six main services, including substance production, flood control, gas regulation, climate regulation, recreation, and biodiversity conservation,were selected; and a three-level hierarchical structure model was established. The top(goal) level of the model refers to the total ecosystem services value of the Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve, the middle level(stakeholder level) refers to stakeholders at different scales, and the bottom level(service level) refers to individual services provided by the Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve. The results indicated that the ecosystem services value of the Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve was 320.38×10~8yuan RMB in 2011. If including the social welfare, the value increased to 2258.68×10~8yuan RMB. The value of biodiversity conservation accounted for the largest proportion, which were 53% without the social welfare and 75% with it. And without the social welfare, flood control, gas regulation, climate regulation of the Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve accounted for 26%, 11% and 8% of the total value, while the proportion that substance production and recreation values were of the total value were very small. Meanwhile, with the social weight,flood control, gas regulation, climate regulation, recreation of the Zoigê Wetland Nature Reserve accounted for 10%,13%, 1% and 1% of the total value, then the weight of substance production value was also the smallest. 相似文献
3.
The ecosystem is important because it is the life sustaining system for human survival.Three ecosystem characteristics are:regional particularities,ecosystem complexity and conventional cultural particularities.This paper develops a remote sensing based dynamic model to assess grassland ecosystem service values involving multidisciplinary knowledge.The ecological value of grassland ecosystems is focused on using a remote sensing technique in the model,and setting up the framework for a dynamic assessing model.The grassland ecological services condition and value in 1985 is used as the benchmark.The dynamic model has two adjusting indicators:biomass and price index.The biomass is simulated using the CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model.The price index was obtained from statistics data published by the statistical bureau.Results show that the grassland ecosystem value in Gansu Province was 28.36 billion Chinese Yuan in 1985,140.37 billion in 1999 and 130.86 billion in 2002. 相似文献
4.
"The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital" by R.Costanza et al.in 1997 is generally regarded as a monument to the research of valuing ecosystem services.However,the classification of ecosystem services,the method of various services summation,and the purpose for static global value had many criticisms.Based on a summary of these criticisms and suggestions,further study direction—on the sustainability of ecosystem services—is presented.The two basis indicators in ecology—productivity and biodiversity,respectively characterize the ability of producing and self-organizing—not only represent the internal function of ecosystem,but also can be proportioned to its external function of supporting and providing for human life.Theoretically,the two indicators combined could physically assess the sustainability of ecosystem services based on the traditional procedure of Costanza's.The case study of Hohhot City in 1995-2005 shows that the new model reflects the changes of ecosystem services at spatial and temporal scale,and the functionally adjusted assessment shows the sustainability of Hohhot City became gradually stronger during the study decade.But due to the enormous value per unit of water ecosystem,the minimal loss of water area leads to the final result being opposite to the processing analysis,which gives a clue to the further experimental testing research. 相似文献
5.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(3)
Runoff generation is an important part of water retention service, and also plays an important role on soil and water retention. Under the background of the ecosystem degradation, which was caused by the vulnerable karst ecosystem combined with human activity, it is necessary to understand the spatial pattern and impact factors of runoff generation in the karst region. The typical karst peak-cluster depression basin was selected as the study area. And the calibrated and verified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was the main techniques to simulate the runoff generation in the typical karst basin. Further, the spatial variability of total/surface/groundwater runoff was analyzed along with the methods of gradient analysis and local regression. Results indicated that the law of spatial difference was obvious, and the total runoff coefficients were 70.0%. The groundwater runoff was rich, about 2–3 times the surface runoff. Terrain is a significant factor contributing to macroscopic control effect on the runoff service, where the total and groundwater runoff increased significantly with the rising elevation and slope. The distribution characteristics of vegetation have great effects on surface runoff. There were spatial differences between the forest land in the upstream and orchard land in the downstream, in turn the surface runoff presented a turning point due to the influence of vegetation. Moreover, the results of spatial overlay analysis showed that the highest value of total and groundwater runoff was distributed in the forest land. It is not only owing to the stronger soil water retention capacity of forest ecosystem, and geologic feature of rapid infiltration in this region, but also reflected the combining effects on the land cover types and topographical features. Overall, this study will promote the development and innovation of ecosystem services fields in the karst region, and further provide a theoretical foundation for ecosystem restoration and reconstruction. 相似文献
6.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(1)
Mountain glaciers, which perform a unique and irreplaceable ecological service, provide the material basis and characteristic cultural foundation of the ecological environment and sustainable socio-economic development in arid areas. However, few studies have estimated the service value of glaciers in regulating ecological environment and providing human welfare. According to the statistics of the First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory(FCGI/SCGI), this study analyzed the variations in glacier area and ice volume in the Tianshan Mountains in China and modeled the ecosystem service function of mountain glaciers. The service value per unit area and equivalent factor methods were combined to determine the annual value of the ecological service provided by glaciers in the study area. The results show that:(1) In the period 1970–2010, the glacier area decreased by 1274 km~2(the ratio of area shrinkage was 13.9%) and the annual average decrease in ice volume was 4.08′10~9 m~3. The increase in glacier area at high altitudes( 5200 m) may be due to the fact that glacier accumulation caused by increasing precipitation is greater than glacier melting caused by rising temperatures.(2) The annual value of the ecological service provided by glaciers in the study area is 60.2 billion yuan. The values of climate regulation, hydrological regulation, and freshwater resource supply account for 66.4%, 21.6%, and 9.3% of the total value respectively. The annual value of the ecological service provided by hydroelectric power is 350 million yuan.(3) From a comparative analysis of the glaciers, forest, grassland and wetland ecosystems, the supply of freshwater resources/physical production and ecological regulation represent the main contributions of the four types of system, and the ecosystem service value of glaciers per unit area is higher than that of other types of ecosystem. This research will improve the understanding of the impact of glaciers on human welfare and maintenance of the ecological environment and will promote the ecological security of the cryosphere, environmental protection, and the sustainable use of resources. 相似文献
7.
青藏高原青海湖流域环境与经济协调性评价(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Qinghai Lake Watershed (QLW) is a hot place of a series of ecological restoration and environmental remediation programs nowadays.However,little information is available on change of ecosystem service and economic practice in this area.As ecosystem service and natural capital are closely related with social and economic development,an index of concordance between environment and economy (ICEE) has been proposed to compare the annual variation rate of ecosystem service value (RESV) with that of gross domestic product (RGDP).Using this Index,we have assessed concordance between environment and economy (CEE) for the QLW in the period 1977-2004.The result showed that from 1977 to 2004,the ecosystem service value in the QLW descended from 128.81×10 8 yuan to 127.32×10 8 yuan;In contrast,the GDP increased from 0.931×10 8 yuan to 8.856×10 8 yuan.The values of the I CEE were -1.14,-0.22,and -0.14 in the stages of 1977-1987,1987-2000 and 2000-2004,respectively.The result indicated that during the first stage 1977-1987,the relationship between environment and economy in the QLW was not concordant but at a high conflict;from 1987 to 2004,there was a low conflict between environment and economy,and the CEE appeared to increase slowly.Analysis of the assessment results showed that the national policies and industrial adjustment practice play an important role in the CEE changes. 相似文献
8.
Climate change and human activities have profoundly altered ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin(YRB) since the Grain for Green project was implemented, but have not been accurately revealed on a year-by-year scale. This study combined the InVEST model to reveal the year-by-year changes in the water-related ecosystem services(WRESs)in YRB during 1990–2020, including water yield, soil conservation and water purification services. The trade-off/synergy of WRESs and impacts of land manageme... 相似文献
9.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(2)
The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region(TRSR), China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970 s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%'. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m~3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region. 相似文献
10.
Revealing ecosystem services relationships and their driving factors for five basins of Beijing 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A clear understanding of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services(ESs) is the foundation for sustainable urban ecosystem management. Quantitatively identifying the factors that influence ES trade-offs and synergies can contribute to deepening ES research, from knowledge building to decision making. This study simulated soil conservation, water yield and carbon sequestration in Beijing, China, from 2015–2018. The spatial trade-offs and synergies of these three ESs within the five major river basins in Beijing were explored using geographically weighted regression. Furthermore, geographical detector was applied to quantitatively identify the driving mechanism of the environmental factors for the ES trade-offs and synergies. The results show the following:(1) the spatial relationships between soil conservation and water yield, as well as between water yield and carbon sequestration, were mainly trade-offs. There was a spatial synergy between soil conservation and carbon sequestration.(2) Regarding the spatial trade-off/synergy between soil conservation and water yield in Beijing, the dominant influencing factor was temperature/elevation, and the dominant interactions of the spatial trade-off and synergy between these two ESs in Beijing and the Chaobai River Basin are all manifested in the superposition of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, temperature, and elevation.(3) Topographic factors were the dominant factors influencing the spatial relationship between soil conservation and carbon sequestration in Beijing and its five major river basins. As a result of the distribution of water systems and hydrological characteristics of the basins, differences were observed in the effects of different combinations of interaction factors on the spatial relationship between these two ESs in different basins.(4) Temperature had the strongest explanatory power in terms of the spatial trade-offs and synergies between water yield and carbon sequestration. The interactions between precipitation and temperature and between precipitation and elevation were the dominant interactions affecting the spatial relationship between water yield and carbon sequestration in Beijing. Overall, the explanatory power of influencing factors on the trade-offs and synergies and the degree of interaction between factors coexist in different basins with consistency and differences. Therefore, understanding the quantitative characteristics of basin-scale spatial trade-offs and synergies between ESs is important for ecosystem management and the promotion of synergy in different basins. 相似文献
11.
According to differences in vegetation types and their coverage, combining the latest research, using theory and method on the value of vegetation ecosystem services, this paper not only calculated goods produced by different types of vegetation but also estimated the value of various vegetation ecosystem services and set up database, GIS and eco-account of vegetation ecosystem. The result was as follows: the value of vegetation's primary productivity, soil and fertility conservation, water conservation, CO2 fixation and O2 release was 199.6 billion yuan/a, 22.64 billion yuan/a, 22.66 billion yuan/a, 352.24 billion yuan/a and 374.19 billion yuan/a, respectively. The total value of ecosystem services was 968.33 billion yuan/a. The temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest had the highest contribution rate, accounting for 16.42%. The result of value can reflect regional reality more exactly. 相似文献
12.
陕南秦巴山区植被生态功能的价值测评 总被引：61，自引：1，他引：60
根据秦巴山区20世纪末植被类型及覆盖度的分布,在GIS支持下测定秦巴山区植被生产和生态调节的物质量。利用生态经济学方法,测定各类植被生态功能的价值,建立秦巴山区植被生态数据库及植被生态账户。生态服务功能价值测评中,充分考虑了不同类型的覆盖度差异,并结合能量平衡、水量平衡和区域蒸散模式,测评结果表明：陕南秦巴山区植被生态系统有机质生产价值为199.6×108 元/a;植被保持土壤经济价值为22.64×108元/a;植被涵养水源的经济价值为22.66×108 元/a;植被固定CO2价值为352.24×108元/a;释放O2价值为374.19×108 元/a;陕南秦巴山区植被有机物生产、保持土壤、涵养水源、固定CO2和释放O2 5种生态服务功能价值共968.33×108 元/a。其中温带落叶阔叶林贡献率最高占29.35%,亚热带竹林、亚高山灌丛、草甸草原、山麓果树生态服务价值比重均在1%以下。 相似文献
13.
三江源地区草地生态系统服务价值评估 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
三江源地区的草地生态系统对于维持区域生态平衡和保障社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于千年生态系统评估(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, MA)的生态系统服务分类体系, 采用多种方法对三江源草地生态系统的9 项服务价值逐项进行了评估, 得出2000 年三江源草地生态系统服务价值为562.60 亿元, 其中价值最高的两种服务类型依次为气候调节和食物生产, 分别达259.09 亿元和111.68 亿元, 贡献率分别为46.05%、19.85%。按照草地类型划分, 高寒草甸和高寒草原服务价值分别为490.95 亿元、64.68 亿元, 占总服务价值的87.42%和11.52%。虽然沼泽单位面积服务价值最高, 为4230.77 元/hm2, 但在草地生态系统面积中所占比例较低, 总价值相对很低。本文关于三江源草地生态系统的评估结果可以为制定区域生态保护和生态补偿政策提供科学支撑。 相似文献
14.
秦巴山区植被固定CO2释放O2生态价值测评 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
根据陕南秦巴山区植被类型及覆盖度的差异 ,利用改进型的自然植被NPP测算模型 ,结合区域能量平衡、水量平衡和蒸散模式 ,测定了植被有机质生产物质量。在此基础上 ,根据光合作用方程及造林成本法与工业制氧法测定了秦巴山区植被固定CO2 释放O2 的经济价值。研究结果 :①秦巴山区植被每年固定CO2 总量为 13 5× 10 7t/a ,释放O2 总量为 9 93× 10 7t/a ;②利用造林成本法估算出秦巴山区植被固定CO2 总经济价值为 35 2 2 4× 10 7元 /a ;③利用造林成本法与工业制氧法估算出秦巴山区植被释放O2 经济价值为 374 19× 10 8元 /a ;④本区植被固定CO2 释放O2 物质量和价值量中 ,温带落叶阔叶林贡献率最高 ,其次是亚热带落叶灌丛。本研究可为区域“绿色经济账户”的建立提供基础数据和方法。 相似文献
15.
青海省海东地区土地利用变化及其生态服务价值响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据青海省海东地区2002～2008年土地利用变更数据,采用土地利用动态度模型和土地利用综合指数分析该地区近7年来土地利用变化情况,并参考谢高地等人建立的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表对该区域当量表进行适当调整,测算了土地利用变化所引起的生态服务价值变化情况。研究表明：（1）2002～2008年,各类型土地利用变化速度各不相同,其中以水利设施用地变化速度最快为12．24％,土地利用程度波动上升;（2）土地利用变化所引起的生态服务价值总体上呈逐步上升趋势,由2002年的82．01×10^8元增加至2008年的88．16×10^8元,增加了6．15×10^8元;（3）各种土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数均小于1,表明生态系统服务价值对价值系数的变化缺乏弹性,研究结果可信。 相似文献
16.
基于土地利用变化的安宁市土地生态服务价值评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据安宁市2003～2009年土地利用变更调查数据,采用Costanza等专家提出的生态系统服务价值计算方法和谢高地等提出的中国不同陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表计算安宁市2003～2009年生态系统服务价值并对其进行评价。结果表明2003～2009年安宁市生态系统服务价值总量减少了0.24亿元,主要原因是建设用地占用了大量的林地和耕地等生态用地,因此在安宁市的新一轮规划中应注重对生态用地的保护,确保生态系统的稳定。 相似文献
17.
基于InVEST模型的宁夏盐池县禁牧草地生态补偿标准空间识别 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
以农牧交错带宁夏盐池县草地为研究对象，综合集成草地植被与土壤调查、草地信息提取、遥感反演、空间分析等技术方法，基于本地化的InVEST模型，选取碳储存、土壤保持和水源涵养3项关键生态系统服务类型，对禁牧前后（2000年，2015年）草地生态系统服务物质量进行精准评估，在此基础上，采用市场价值法对其价值化，测算禁牧前后草地生态系统服务价值变化量，以此确定生态补偿标准，并借助冷热点、三维趋势分析对生态补偿标准进行不同尺度的空间识别。结果显示：① 禁牧以来，盐池县草地生态系统服务显著增强，其中碳储量增加45.66×104 t、强度增加0.42 t/hm2，水源涵养量增加9 351×104 t、强度增加211.14 t/hm2，土壤保持量增加2 091×104 t，强度增加44.93 t/hm2；② 草地生态补偿标准县域为309.21元/hm2、乡镇尺度介于7.25~1 146.36元/hm2、村级介于3.04~2 074.56元/hm2，村级尺度更能体现草地的生态贡献；③ 补偿标准的三维趋势呈现由西向东提高、南北向呈“U”型分异的特征，补偿热点区集中于盐池县东南部和东北部。 相似文献
18.
生态系统服务供给安全阈值视域下喀斯特地区生态安全演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以贵州省为研究对象,基于生态系统服务价值构建供给安全阈值与生态安全评价模型,研究生态脆弱区生态安全时空演变。结果表明,2005—2018年：① 贵州省生态系统服务总价值从7875.38亿元增加到18 072.89亿元,年均增长6.60%,集聚高值区主要分布在黔东南州、黔南州和黔西南州等。② 贵阳市生态系统服务供给价值低于供给安全阈值,生态系统提供服务无法满足人们最低生存保障需求;其余地区生态系统服务价值仅比供给安全阈值略高,且呈减少变化。③ 贵阳市生态安全指数小于1,生态系统处于不安全状态;其余地市生态安全指数与生态安全度均呈降低变化。④ 各地市人类活动强度指数与生态安全指数、人均生态系统服务价值呈显著负相关。 相似文献
19.
草地是干旱、半干旱区面积占优势的生态系统,在时间尺度上对其进行生态系统服务价值评估是判断区域生态系统处于改善或退化的主要途径。基于野外调查和遥感分类解译划分的河西走廊荒漠化草地基础数据,首次建立了河西走廊不同类型、不同程度荒漠化草地生态系统服务价值计算和修正方案,评估了第三次（2004年）、第四次（2009年）和第五次（2014年）荒漠化监测期河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务价值动态变化及服务价值结构。结果表明：（1）2004—2014年间河西走廊草地荒漠化呈现轻微逆转趋势,荒漠化草地面积由519.7万 hm2减少至357.7万 hm2;（2）10年间河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务总价值以损失为主,损失量达209亿元;（3）河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务总价值在时空分布、荒漠化类型和程度方面存在显著差异;（4）河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务倾向于气候调节、净化环境和水文调节功能。 相似文献