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Allan Watson 《Area》2008,40(1):12-23
Drawing from debates in economic geography on relational and organisational proximity as a substitute for geographical proximity, the paper explores characteristics of knowledge transfer in London's recorded music industry through an examination of organisational connections on local and global scales. The paper demonstrates that knowledge transfer within the industry occurs simultaneously across multiple geographical scales, with certain organisational connections facilitating the transfer of tacit knowledge across organisational boundaries. However, the paper argues that these connections do not offer the same scope for trust as is afforded by frequent face-to-face contact and therefore offer only a partial substitute for geographical proximity. 相似文献
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Merje Kuus 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(4):546-553
Diplomats produce a great deal of geographical knowledge: By reporting on distant places to their governments, they create particular understandings of political space. Yet these professionals rarely link their work to geography: What a geographer might call a geographical sensibility is labeled cultural knowledge by a diplomat. This article clarifies the relationship between geographical knowledge and diplomatic practice. Empirically, it draws from nearly 100 interviews with foreign policy professionals to offer a more “peopled” or quasi-ethnographic account of diplomacy than is usually available in scholarly literature. Conceptually, the article contributes to our understanding of how geographical knowledge is created inside diplomatic and bureaucratic institutions. 相似文献
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Climatic hazards are a key feature of life. It is vital that teachers are knowledgeable about these phenomena in order to develop their students’ understanding of them. This study used a mixed methods approach to examine the accuracy and depth of preservice primary teachers’ (n = 430) knowledge of tropical cyclones. The findings suggest that prospective primary teachers hold alternative conceptions about the causes, spatial distribution, and impacts of these phenomena and that their explanations of processes lack structural complexity and integration. Issues raised by these findings and implications for teachers’ geographical knowledge and their professional standards and preservice teacher education are discussed. 相似文献
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Mike Taylor 《New Zealand geographer》2016,72(2):144-150
Geography teaching that highlights theoretical perspectives may help develop students’ critical disciplinary thinking, despite foundational knowledge being described to New Zealand geography teachers as ‘not every body's cup of tea’. This article extends the tea metaphor by contrasting two cultivations of theoretical perspectives in school geography. Unlike the two major cultivars of the Camellia shrub, however, this paper argues that perspectives have been minimally grown through one cultivar that focuses on the views of case study individuals and organisations. A maximal cultivation of perspectives is advanced in order to progress school‐aged understanding of the diverse nature of geographical knowledge. 相似文献
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Talking whilst walking: a geographical archaeology of knowledge 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jon Anderson 《Area》2004,36(3):254-261
This paper explores how understandings of the knowledge and lives of individuals can be gained through making geographical context more explicit within qualitative research methods. The paper will focus on 'conversations in place'. More particularly, it will suggest that conversations held whilst walking through a place have the potential to generate a collage of collaborative knowledge. Drawing on the work of Casey, the paper builds upon the notion of the 'constitutive co-ingredience' of place and human identity, and, through using documentary and empirical examples, will argue that 'talking whilst walking' can harness place as an active trigger to prompt knowledge recollection and production. 相似文献
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以《科学知识的地理》为中心,基于学术史、当前学界对该书的述评及相关研究的梳理,文章对科学知识地理学的学术脉络及创见进行了较详的考察。传统科学知识地理性的解释路径,存在无地方性与地方性二元论问题,且“地理”被视为科学的外因。基于科学知识生产“场所”地方性意义的揭示,科学与区域关系的建构,以及科学“流通”与科学全球化的阐释,科学知识地理学建构了“地点-区域-全球”多尺度视野下的科学知识生产、流通、消费解释路径,在揭示辩证性的科学知识地理性的同时,以新的模式解释了科学知识的地方性与全球性关系。当前研究对当代科学知识地理性的强调,以及后殖民思潮的介入,将科学知识地理学带入到了更为广阔的学术视野中。结论建议中国的科学知识地理学研究应注意审视当前科学知识地理学理论的预设,注意挖掘中国科学知识地理性方面的特殊议题,从多个层面结合中国实际讨论科学知识地理性问题,并及时、批判性地吸收和应用相关新思潮、新理论。 相似文献
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CAROL MORRIS 《The Geographical journal》2010,176(1):77-89
This paper explores the environmental knowledge of small-scale rural landholders and comments on the implications of this for environmental policy. The paper draws on conceptualisations of knowledge as 'know what', 'know why', 'know how' and 'know who', recognises a distinction between tacit and codified environmental knowledges and highlights the need to consider the politics of knowledge surrounding environmental issues. Both quantitative and qualitative data are reported, and are derived from structured interviews with 30 small-scale landholders who were participants in a nature and landscape conservation initiative – the Landscape Heritage Scheme – within South Devon, England. These data are used to explore the place of environmental concerns within the land management objectives of respondents; the nature and extent of their environmental knowledge; how a range of factors alongside their environmental knowledge shaped the environmental practices of respondents; and the politics of knowledge associated with the Landscape Heritage Scheme. The paper suggests that small-scale landholders should be of interest to environmental policy, prioritising environmental objectives in their land management, being relatively knowledgeable about the environment and highly responsive to environmental advice and financial incentives that support environmental management. A case is made for developing research in this area, given ongoing processes of rural demographic change and the rising importance within this of an increasingly diverse landholding population. 相似文献
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区域创新网络模式研究——以长三角城市群为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
网络范式的兴起赋予城市创新模式新的内涵,引起了经济地理学者对不同空间尺度知识流动和创新联系的关注。基于网络视角,以中国知识产权局2014年长三角城市群26个地级市合作发明专利信息为原始数据,借助Ucinet、ArcGIS等分析工具,从本地和跨界多维空间尺度,刻画长三角城市群创新网络结构,测度城市创新网络地位,评价城市创新能力,进而对城市创新模式进行划分。研究表明：①研发密集的大型国有企业、中外合资企业和知名的理工科院校具有较高的知识生产能力,成为长三角城市群创新合作优先链接主体;②长三角城市群重视外部知识获取,跨界网络成为重要的创新合作途径,地理距离对创新合作空间载体选择的制约减弱;③创新网络位置影响知识获取和城市创新,网络视角下的长三角城市群呈现四类创新模式,密集的“本地—跨界”创新网络有助于城市创新。研究结论对长三角城市群不同类型创新模式的优化升级具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Heike Jöns 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(4):670-682
This article examines the role of early female academics at the University of Cambridge in the production and dissemination of knowledge between 1926 and 1955. A statistical comparison of women's use of academic leave of absence with that of their male colleagues reveals that, across disciplines, women were less integrated into (inter)national knowledge networks and thus less visible in their epistemic communities than men because women focused their academic leaves more on research, rarely attended conferences, traveled overseas less often than men, and went more frequently to destinations within Europe than the United States as the new economic hegemon. Biographical case studies of these early female academics demonstrate the importance, variously, of their upper middle-class background, academic excellence, and familial and nonfamilial patronage in developing their careers, overcoming multiple hurdles, and producing intellectual contributions of equal quality to that of their male peers. Conceptually, this article calls for the inclusion of academic travelers from disciplines other than geography into feminist histories of geographical knowledge and argues that rather than stereotyping gender differences, greater comparative research on the experiences of female and male academics is needed to understand the mechanisms of gender inequality within the university. 相似文献
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This paper explores the concept of ‘geographical imaginaries’ in New Zealand geography. It reflects on the genealogy of the concept and on the work it might perform in the world. At a time when the purpose and contribution of geography in schools is under question and the discipline is under severe strain at universities, we ask whether the idea of ‘geographical imaginaries’ offers a conceptual platform for demonstrating the potential for geography to offer meaning in the complex world of 21st‐century New Zealand and whether it will help teachers to foster geographic thought in classrooms. In short, we argue for the merits of working with the idea of geographical imaginaries in classrooms and for utilising it to interrogate accounts of the geographical gaze and its values. This, we argue, offers opportunities to catalyse geographical thought, highlight the potential of thinking geographically, and open up a thinking space in which geography teachers can examine their pedagogy and enhance the purpose of their work. This would provide a platform for building a more imaginative and more politically and culturally relevant geography at school. 相似文献
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进口能为区域带来新知识,而这些知识在本地的溢出具有多尺度的特征。论文认为,进口知识首先能够在企业内部溢出,继而跨越企业边界在区域内部溢出。企业通过在企业内部和区域内部对进口知识进行搜寻,能够促进自身的出口产品演化。基于此,论文建立知识溢出的多尺度研究框架,并利用2002—2016年中国海关进出口贸易库数据,证实了上述现象的存在。同时,研究发现,一方面,对于出口产品演化来说,企业内部和区域内部知识溢出的效用是相互替代的;另一方面,知识溢出效应呈现距离衰减的特征。分样本回归结果表明,在市场化水平较高的地区,区域内部的知识溢出对促进企业出口产品演化更有效,企业为实现产品出口更倾向于“求人”;而在市场化水平较低的地区,企业出口产品演化则更依赖于企业内部的知识溢出,倾向于“求己”。论文一定程度上丰富了学界关于不同地理尺度下的知识溢出及其相互关系的讨论,同时完善了学界对于企业出口产品演化机制的认识,具有一定的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
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Vania Bogorny Bart Kuijpers Luis Otavio Alvares 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1245-1276
Mobile devices are becoming very popular in recent years, and large amounts of trajectory data are generated by these devices. Trajectories left behind cars, humans, birds or other objects are a new kind of data which can be very useful in the decision making process in several application domains. These data, however, are normally available as sample points, and therefore have very little or no semantics. The analysis and knowledge extraction from trajectory sample points is very difficult from the user's point of view, and there is an emerging need for new data models, manipulation techniques, and tools to extract meaningful patterns from these data. In this paper we propose a new methodology for knowledge discovery from trajectories. We propose through a semantic trajectory data mining query language several functionalities to select, preprocess, and transform trajectory sample points into semantic trajectories at higher abstraction levels, in order to allow the user to extract meaningful, understandable, and useful patterns from trajectories. We claim that meaningful patterns can only be extracted from trajectories if the background geographical information is considered. Therefore we build the proposed methodology considering both moving object data and geographic information. The proposed language has been implemented in a toolkit in order to provide a first software prototype for trajectory knowledge discovery. 相似文献
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In this article we attend to an emergent practice of visualising GIS data in physical geography using the graphics engine of a videogame, Crysis. We suggest these modes of image-making aid the possibility of imagining and disseminating complex geographical data differently by re-contextualising seemingly abstract mathematical information within a human horizon of embodied meaning. Furthermore we argue these ways of imagining are closely linked to the technology and phenomenology of screens which make the presentation of these images possible. We close by reflecting on the possibility that these technologies are shifting the grounds of vision and the geographical imagination of users. 相似文献
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德国汉堡生物医药集群研发和商务知识的网络结构与空间流动 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以德国汉堡生物医药集群为例,基于研发、商务两类人才的社会网络和空间流动,探讨不同认识视角、不同类型知识溢出的空间特征及形成机制。研究发现：① 不同认识视角下知识溢出对地理距离的敏感性存在差异,知识流动相较于知识网络更加依赖地理邻近性。② 不同类型知识的溢出具有差异化的空间需求,研发和商务知识溢出在多尺度空间上表现出强度和结构的异质性。③ 以大学、研究机构、产业协会和跨国企业为中心的地方产学研合作体系,创新能力均衡的国家城市体系以及发达国家之间的技术和商业合作推动知识网络的形成。分流教育和空间均衡的人才培养体系,国内充分的人才空间流动以及西欧北美地区的人才环流促进知识的空间流动。 相似文献
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从知识创造动态与经济绩效2个维度量化识别行业知识基础,基于修正引力模型构建2005—2019年长三角城市群异质性知识基础行业城际创新网络,采用社会网络分析法与二次指派程序（QAP）探究不同类型知识基础行业创新网络的结构演化与邻近机制,结果显示：1）行业知识基础可划分为解析型、象征型、解析-综合型、综合-解析-象征型和综合-象征-解析型5种类型。2）解析型网络呈双核、其他网络呈多核结构;解析型、解析-综合型和综合-解析-象征型网络核心城市行政或经济中心指向明显,子群内中心城市联系紧密,象征型和综合-象征-解析型网络核心城市变动大,子群内联系等级不明显;解析型网络结构日益“紧密化”,象征型呈现“松散—紧凑—松散”、解析-综合型呈现“紧凑—松散—紧凑”的演变态势,综合型知识基础主导的网络结构较稳定。3）地理邻近对除解析型以外的4种网络影响显著为正,认知与技术邻近对5种网络影响均显著为正,制度邻近对解析型、解析-综合型网络影响显著为正;地理与技术邻近交互对5种网络影响均显著为正,地理与认知邻近交互对解析型、象征型和解析-综合型网络影响显著为正。 相似文献
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Lena Molin Ann Grubbström 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2013,67(3):142-147
The article examines the relationship between selective traditions in geographical education, what middle school teachers choose to emphasise in geographical education, and student achievement. The study, conducted in Sweden, is based on observations made by students in teacher training programmes, interviews with teachers, and analyses of a test administered to middle school students. It shows that selective traditions in geographical education are strong, resulting in a focus on country-related knowledge and map-reading skills. Both teachers and students seem unclear about what other subject-specific skills geography teaching provides. Furthermore, students have difficulty achieving a high level of geographic reasoning. The authors argue that a subject-specific language in geography is important in both teaching and assessment. They stress that students need more practice in geographic reasoning, since this is required by the new curriculum and in the national test in geography for Year 6 (i.e. pupils in the age range 12–13 years). The study adds to earlier research by highlighting Swedish middle school teaching, which is a neglected field within curriculum studies, and by using a combination of methods to analyse the impact of selective traditions. 相似文献
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知识经济与地理综合研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
在未来的知识经济时代,以知识为基础的经济将逐渐占据国际经济的主导地位。知识经济时代,经济发展的可持续性、知识的创新以及世界经济一体化等特点与地理综合研究的特点和长处有许多共同之处。但地理综合研究为适应新时代的需求,亦需在研究内容上进一步深化和革新。包括充分考虑单一地理空间向地理空间和虚拟空间的转化,凸现人力资源的权重而对传统综合研究中要素均衡观的冲击,充分考虑科学技术发展而导致的资源和生产要素的相互替代,以及摒弃传统二元系统结构等。 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4):171-174
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知识经济时代的地理综合研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
２１世纪科学技术和知识将取代资本与劳动成为经济增长和社会发展的主导因子。知识经济时代所需求的经济增长方式，资本、信息、资源的配置格局，以及生命支撑系统的服务功能将与工业时代有很大的不同。这些变化对地理学综合研究大发展既是挑战又是机遇。本文从地理学综合研究的迫切性入手，分析了在知识经济时代综合研究的不同层次及可能涉及的领域。在此基础上，提出了地理学综合研究应在四个方面进一步深化和革新以适应知识经济时代的需求：①拓展地理综合研究的空间；②构建要素综合的非均衡观；③充分考虑科技和知识对自然和社会经济系统的强势作用；④逐步整合社会经济系统和自然环境系统。 相似文献