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1.
湖北省是中国重要的植棉省份之一,气候和管理因素变化对棉花生长产生重要影响。因此,本文采用1986—2016年湖北气温、降水量和太阳辐射量3个气候因子数据,有效灌溉面积、农用化肥施用量和棉花品种3个管理因素数据,构建了面板回归模型,定量计算得到气候因子和管理因素的趋势和波动变化对棉花单产的影响及其相对贡献率。结果表明：① 气候和管理因素的波动变化大于气候和管理因素的趋势变化对棉花单产的影响。② 气温和太阳辐射量对湖北省大部分地级市的棉花单产呈现正影响,降水量对湖北省大部分地级市的棉花单产呈现负影响;有效灌溉面积、农用化肥施用量和棉花品种都对湖北省大部分地级市的棉花单产呈现正影响。③ 气温、降水量和有效灌溉面积是影响湖北省大部分地级市棉花单产的主导因子。④ 1986—2016年武汉市等地级市棉花增产的主要原因是管理因素变化主导的增产抵消了气候因子变化的减产影响。 相似文献
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榆林地区1970-2010年气候因子变化特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
榆林位于陕西省黄土高原和内蒙古毛乌素沙地的交接地带,是我国北方农牧交错带的典型地区,地理环境复杂多样,致使该地区生态环境比较敏感,极易受到气候变化和人类活动的影响和干扰。为探讨榆林地区气候变化的发展趋势和特征,基于1970-2010年气象资料,对榆林地区5个气象指标（平均最低气温、平均最高气温、平均气温、降水量和太阳辐射）进行空间插值,进而分析了各指标的季节和年际变化特征,即趋势变化、周期性变化、突变特征。结果表明,榆林地区气温呈现上升的趋势,春季和冬季的气温增幅对全年的增温贡献较大;降水量波动变化较大,夏季降水量减少比其他季节明显。20世纪80年代的降水量较大,90年代前期和中期降水量减少,而90年代后期降水量出现了回升趋势;41 a来的太阳辐射呈现下降的趋势,夏季太阳辐射的减少对全年太阳辐射的减少贡献较大。5个气象指标的周期性变化在大时间尺度上（如25~32 a）变化比较稳定,在小时间尺度上差异比较明显;降水量和平均最低气温在三类时间尺度（如5~15 a、15~25 a和25~30 a）上的周期比较明显。另外,除春季降水量外,其他季节的气象因子在1970-2010年期间变化频率有增加、时间间隔减少的趋势,说明最近10~20 a榆林地区气候变化比较活跃。对榆林地区气候变化特征进行分析,为进一步揭示气候变化下榆林地区农业生产系统的影响机理提供理论基础,为当地政府制定农业生产政策提供决策支持。 相似文献
3.
《中国沙漠》2021,(3)
气候变化影响植物物种地理分布,研究不同气候情景下物种的地理分布有助于物种保护和资源合理利用。为准确了解西藏沙棘(Hippophae thibetana)种植适宜生境,本研究收集了118个西藏沙棘种群分布点、19个气候因子和3个地形因子数据,利用MaxEnt(最大熵)模型和ArcGIS软件平台模拟了当前气候情景下西藏沙棘的适宜生境,探讨影响其生长的主导因子及阈值,并对其在4种不同气候情景下2041—2060年和2061—2080年的适宜生境进行预测。结果表明:(1)当前西藏沙棘高适宜生境和适宜生境面积分别为33.32万km~2和51.65万km~2,主要分布于青藏高原,集中在西藏、四川、青海和甘肃;(2)影响西藏沙棘地理分布的主导因子是海拔、最湿季降水量、最冷季平均温度,其中各因子的适宜生长阈值分别为:海拔2 500—4 800 m,最湿季降水量200—420 mm,最冷季平均温度-12—0℃;(3)未来不同气候情景下,西藏沙棘的高适宜生境、适宜生境和低适宜生境面积均出现缩减。该研究有助于西藏沙棘的野生资源保护、开发利用和扩大种植。 相似文献
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青藏高原未来气温变化趋势的R/S分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
青藏高原气候变化是全球气候变化的重要组成部分。文章采用R/S分析法,对青藏高原拉萨、托托河等9台站的气温平均值和极端值进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:青藏高原气温的长期相关性特征总体表现为持续性,表明青藏高原未来气温总体变化将与过去的变化趋势一致。年平均最高气温、年极端最低气温、年极端最高气温有着几乎一致的升高趋势,其中年极端最低气温升高趋势的持续性相对较强。由青藏高原9台站年平均气温、年平均最低气温和年极端最低气温3项气候要素时间序列的升高趋势及其长期相关的持续性特征,预示着青藏高原未来冷暖气候变化的趋势是持续变暖。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原近30年气候变化趋势 总被引：209，自引：17，他引：192
以1971~2000年青藏高原77个气象台站的观测数据 (最低、最高气温,日照时数,相对湿度,风速和降水量) 为基础,应用1998年FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith模型,并根据我国实际状况对其辐射项进行修正,模拟了青藏高原1971~2000年的最大可能蒸散,并由Vyshotskii模型转换为干燥度,力求说明近30年青藏高原的气候变化趋势,以及干湿状况的空间分布。应用线性回归法计算变化趋势,并用Mann-Kendall方法进行趋势检验。结果表明：青藏高原近30年气候变化的总体特征是气温呈上升趋势,降水呈增加趋势,最大可能蒸散呈降低趋势,大多数地区的干湿状况有由干向湿发展的趋势。气候因子与地表干湿状况间并不是线性关系,存在很大的不确定性。 相似文献
6.
中原腹地气候变化对冬小麦产量的影响——以商丘地区为例 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为探明气候变化对商丘地区冬小麦产量的影响,根据1991～2010商丘市气候资料和小麦产量资料,利用数学统计与Thornthwaite Memoriae模型,结合未来气候预测结果定量分析了气候变化对冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明,冬小麦产量整体上呈波动上升趋势;主成分分析表明,气温、降水量、蒸发量与极端温度为影响冬小麦产量的主要气候因子,蒸发量过大及极端低温对冬小麦生产不利。商丘地区"暖湿型"气候有利于冬小麦生产力的提高,"冷干型"气候对冬小麦生产最为不利;未来几十年内气候可能将向"暖湿型"变化,对商丘地区粮食作物产量的提升较为有利。 相似文献
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8.
河北地区气候变化及其对农业的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以气温和降水为主要气候因子,选取河北及京津23个气象站点数据,分析河北地区1956-2007年气候变化特征:近50年全区年均气温呈波动上升趋势,且冬季气温升高对年气温的上升贡献率最大;年降水量总体呈波动减少趋势,其中夏季降水呈明显波动减少趋势。对未来该区气候变化特征进行了预估。从地下水位、土地环境、农业病虫害的角度分析了河北地区气候变化对农业生产环境的影响;分析了近50年来气候变化对农作物种植制度的影响以及对作物生理生态和品质产生的不确定影响。气候变化在一定程度上降低了农业生产水平,提高了生产成本,频发的极端气候事件也会增加农业生产的损失。最后给出了未来气候变化对该区农业的可能影响。 相似文献
9.
气候变暖背景下中原腹地冬小麦气候适宜度变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过构建冬小麦光照、温度、降水及综合气候适宜度计算模型,探讨气候变化对冬小麦气候适宜性的影响。结果表明:冬小麦全生育期温度、光照、降水及综合气候适宜度均值分别为0.54、0.64、0.37及0.50;冬小麦对光照适宜性较好,降水是限制冬小麦生长发育的主要因子;温度和降水适宜度以0.001·a-1线性趋势下降,光照适宜度以0.002·a-1线性趋势下降,气候因子匹配效果变差对冬小麦的生长不利。冬前生长阶段温度、光照和降水适宜性较弱,各气候因子匹配效果较差。出苗-拔节期降水适宜性较强,各气候因子组合效果较差;拔节-抽穗期和抽穗-乳熟期温度与光照适宜性较强,水分胁迫较大,气候因子组合效果趋好。乳熟-成熟期光照和降水适宜性较强,综合气候适宜性变差。光照、温度和降水适宜度在全生育期的中后期与冬小麦产量的相关性比较显著。 相似文献
10.
《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,(6)
遗传多样性对植物响应全球气候变化至关重要,研究遗传多样性和气候因子之间的关系有利于预测未来全球气候变化对植物遗传多样性的影响。然而,到目前为止,气候因子对植物遗传多样性影响的范围和程度目前并不清楚。从68篇已发表的文献中,我们收集了79种维管植物的两种常用的种群遗传多样性指标(平均期望杂合度和平均观测杂合度)及种群坐标数据,并从WorldClim提取了19种气候因子数据。然后,利用线性回归分析了遗传多样性与气候因子之间的关系。在用平均期望杂合度来度量遗传多样性的75种植物中,58.7%(44种)植物的种群平均期望杂合度与某种气候因子显著相关,而在用平均观测杂合度来度量遗传多样性的63种植物中,65.1%(41种)植物的平均观测杂合度与某种气候因子显著相关。其中,最湿季均温、降水季节性、最干季降水量和温度季节性对平均期望杂合度的影响最为广泛,而平均观测杂合度则与最暖季降水量、最湿季均温、最干季降水量和最干月降水量的相关性最为广泛。木本植物种群遗传多样性与气候因子之间的显著相关比例高于草本植物,不同气候因子对这两种生长型植物遗传多样性的影响不同。这些研究结果表明,气候可能在植物种群遗传多样性的形成过程中起着重要的作用,未来气候变化可能改变植物的遗传多样性,以及不同类型植物的遗传多样性可能对气候变化有不同的响应。 相似文献
11.
Climate change is a global environmental crisis, but there have been few studies of the effects of climate change on cereal yields on the Tibetan Plateau. We used data from meteorological stations and statistical yearbooks to assess the impacts of climate change on cereal yields in Tibet. Three types of statistical models were selected: fixed-effects model, first-difference models, and linear detrending models. We analyzed the impacts of climate change(including the minimum temperature, precipitation, growing degree days and solar radiation) on cereal yields in Tibet from 1993 to 2017 at the county, prefecture-level city, and autonomous region scales. The results showed that the sensitivity of cereal yields in Tibet to temperature(minimum temperature and growing degree days) was greater than their sensitivity to precipitation and solar radiation. The joint impacts of climate variables were positive, but the sensitivity and significance varied in different regions. The impacts of minimum temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation were positive in all cities, apart from the negative impacts of growing degree days on cereal yields in Lhasa. The impacts of climate trends on cereal yields in Tibet were positive and the results were in the range of 1.5%–4.8%. Among the three types of model, the fixed-effects model was the most robust and the linear detrending model performed better than the first-difference model. The robustness of the first-difference model decreased after adding the interaction terms between different climate variables. Our findings will help in implementing more spatially targeted agricultural adaptations to cope with the impacts of climate change on the agro-ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
12.
Trends of annual and monthly temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspi- ration and aridity index were analyzed to understand climate change during the period 1971–2000 over the Tibetan Plateau which is one of the most special regions sensitive to global climate change. FAO56–Penmen–Monteith model was modified to calculate potential evapotranspiration which integrated many climatic elements including maximum and mini- mum temperatures, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed. Results indicate gen- erally warming trends of the annual averaged and monthly temperatures, increasing trends of precipitation except in April and September, decreasing trends of annual and monthly poten- tial evapotranspiration, and increasing aridity index except in September. It is not the isolated climatic elements that are important to moisture conditions, but their integrated and simulta- neous effect. Moreover, potential evapotranspiration often changes the effect of precipitation on moisture conditions. The climate trends suggest an important warm and humid tendency averaged over the southern plateau in annual period and in August. Moisture conditions would probably get drier at large area in the headwater region of the three rivers in annual average and months from April to November, and the northeast of the plateau from July to September. Complicated climatic trends over the Tibetan Plateau reveal that climatic factors have nonlinear relationships, and resulte in much uncertainty together with the scarcity of observation data. The results would enhance our understanding of the potential impact of climate change on environment in the Tibetan Plateau. Further research of the sensitivity and attribution of climate change to moisture conditions on the plateau is necessary. 相似文献
13.
Trends of annual and monthly temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspi-ration and aridity index were analyzed to understand climate change during the period 1971–2000 over the Tibetan Plateau which is one of the most special regions sensitive to global climate change. FAO56–Penmen–Monteith model was modified to calculate potential evapotranspiration which integrated many climatic elements including maximum and mini-mum temperatures, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed. Results indicate gen-erally warming trends of the annual averaged and monthly temperatures, increasing trends of precipitation except in April and September, decreasing trends of annual and monthly poten-tial evapotranspiration, and increasing aridity index except in September. It is not the isolated climatic elements that are important to moisture conditions, but their integrated and simulta-neous effect. Moreover, potential evapotranspiration often changes the effect of precipitation on moisture conditions. The climate trends suggest an important warm and humid tendency averaged over the southern plateau in annual period and in August. Moisture conditions would probably get drier at large area in the headwater region of the three rivers in annual average and months from April to November, and the northeast of the plateau from July to September. Complicated climatic trends over the Tibetan Plateau reveal that climatic factors have nonlinear relationships, and resulte in much uncertainty together with the scarcity of observation data. The results would enhance our understanding of the potential impact of climate change on environment in the Tibetan Plateau. Further research of the sensitivity and attribution of climate change to moisture conditions on the plateau is necessary. 相似文献
14.
1982-2013年青藏高原植被物候变化及气象因素影响 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
根据NDVI3g数据,本文定义了18种植被物候指标研究植被物候变化情况。根据1:100万植被区划,把青藏高原划分为8个植被区分。对物候变化比较显著的区域,采用最高温度、最低温度、平均温度、降水、太阳辐射数据,运用偏最小二乘法回归（PLS）研究物候变化的气候成因。结果表明：① 青藏高原生长季初期物候指标,转折发生在1997-2000年,转折前初期物候指标平均提前2~3 d/10a;青藏高原末期物候指标转折发生在2004-2007年左右,生长季长度物候指标突变发生在2005年左右,转折前末期物候指标平均延迟1~2 d/10a、生长季长度平均延长1~2 d/10a;转折之后生长季初期物候指标推迟趋势的显著性水平仅为0.1,生长季末期物候指标、生长季长度指标趋势不显著。② 高寒草甸与高寒灌木草甸是青藏高原物候变化最剧烈的植被分区。高寒草甸区生长季长度的延长主要是由生长季初期物候指标提前导致的。高寒灌木草甸区生长季长度的延长主要是由于初期物候指标的提前,以及末期物候指标的推迟共同作用导致的。③ 采用PLS进一步分析气象因素对高寒草甸与高寒灌木草甸物候剧烈变化的影响。表明,温度对物候的影响占主导地位,两植被分区均显示上年秋季、冬初温度对生长季初期物候具有正的影响,该时段温度一方面会导致上年末期物候指标推迟,间接推迟生长季开始时间;另一方面高温不利用冬季休眠。除夏季外,其余月份最小温度对植被物候的影响与平均温度、最高温度的影响类似。降水对植被物候的影响不同月份波动较大,上年秋冬季节降水对初期物候指标具有负的影响,春初降水对初期物候指标具有正的影响。8月份限制植被生长季的主要因素是降水,此时降水与末期物候指标模型系数为正。太阳辐射对植被物候的影响主要在夏季与秋初。PLS方法在物候变化研究中具有较好的效果,本文研究结果将会对植被物候模型改进,提供有力的科学依据。 相似文献
15.
中国气候变化的植物信号和生态证据 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
全球平均气温上升、降水格局变化、极端天气事件发生的频率和强度增大等气候变化现象已经对陆地生态系统产生了影响,物种、群落和生态系统响应于气候变化而发生的改变,可以作为气候变化的间接生物学和生态学证据,对未来气候变化的影响评价有重要的价值,尤其是对减缓和适应全球气候变化的"地球系统科学"研究以及可持续生态系统管理与发展对策的制订,具有重要的意义。在国际气候变化的生物学证据研究的大背景下,总结了中国陆地生态系统响应过去气候变化的植物学信号和生态学证据:(1)物种水平:气候变暖导致中国33°N以北大部分地区植物春季物候期包括萌芽、展叶、开花期等显著提前,植被生长季延长;(2)群落水平:群落物种组成和分布发生改变,主要表现在长白山等高山群落交错带物种组成和林线位置的变化以及青藏高原高寒草甸的退化;(3)生态系统水平:全国总体植被盖度增加,植被活动加强,生产力增加;北方和西部地区农业植被的耕作制度、种植结构、耕种面积和产量发生变化,东北地区水稻种植面积和产量增加,但全国大部分地区农作物产量和温度呈负相关,这将威胁到未来的粮食安全。 相似文献
16.
The impacts of climate change on China’s agriculture are measured based on Ricardian model. By using county-level cross-sectional data on agricultural net revenue, climate, and other economic and geographical data for 1275 agriculture-dominated counties in the period of 1985-1991, we find that both higher temperature and more precipitation will have overall positive impact on China’s agriculture. However, the impacts vary seasonally and regionally. Higher temperature in all seasons except spring increases agricultural net revenue while more precipitation is beneficial in winter but is harmful in summer. Applying the model to five climate scenarios in the 2020s and 2050s shows that the North, the Northeast, the Northwest, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau would always benefit from climate change while the South and the Southwest may be negatively affected. For the East and the Central China, most scenarios show that they may benefit from climate change. In conclusion, climate change would be beneficial to the whole China. 相似文献
17.
Quantifying the relationship between the drought severity index and climate factors is crucial for predicting drought risk in situations characterized by climate change. However, variations in drought risk are not readily discernible under conditions of climate change, and this is particularly the case on the Tibetan Plateau. This study examines the correlations between the annual drought severity index (DSI) and 14 climate factors (including temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and hours of sunshine factors), on the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2011. Spatial average DSI increased with precipitation and minimum relative humidity, while it decreased as the hours of sunshine increased. The correlation between DSI and climate factors varied with vegetation types. In alpine meadows, the correlation of the spatial DSI average with the percentage of sunshine and hours of sunshine (P<0.001) was higher compared to that in alpine steppes (P<0.05). Similarly, average vapor pressure and minimum relative humidity had significant positive effects on spatial DSI in alpine meadows, but had insignificant effects in alpine steppes. The magnitude of DSI change correlated negatively with temperature, precipitation, and vapor pressure, and positively with wind speed and sunshine. This demonstrates that the correlation between drought and climate change on the Tibetan Plateau is dependent on the type of ecosystem. 相似文献
18.
Modeling the impacts of climate change on China''s agriculture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 Introduction Since recognition of the potential climate change [IPPC, 1990], efforts have been made to estimate the economic impacts of projected changes in climate on important sectors, such as agriculture, forestry and ecosystem, coastal zones and fisheries, water resource, and energy development. Although several sectors have been studied, none have received more attention than agriculture. Countrywide economic analysis has been completed for the United States[1-4], India[5] and Brazil… 相似文献
19.
1981-2010 年气候变化对青藏高原实际蒸散的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
基于1981-2010 年青藏高原80 个气象台站观测数据, 通过改进的LPJ 动态植被模型, 模拟并分析了青藏高原实际蒸散及其与降水的平衡关系(P-E) 的时空变化。研究结果表明, 在过去三十年来青藏高原气候呈现以变暖为主要特征的背景下, 降水量整体略有增加, 潜在蒸散呈减少趋势, 特别是2000 年以前减少趋势显著;青藏高原大部分地区实际蒸散呈增加趋势, P-E的变化趋势呈西北增加-东南减少的空间格局。大气水分蒸散发能力降低理论上会导致实际蒸散减少, 而青藏高原大部分地区实际蒸散增加, 主要影响因素是降水增加, 实际蒸散呈增加(减少) 趋势的区域中86% (73%) 的降水增加(减少)。 相似文献