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1.
中国政治地理与地缘政治理论研究展望:青年学者笔谈 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国政治地理学和地缘政治学的发展相对滞后，目前仍未形成系统、有共识的学科理论框架。为此，基于2019年先后在上海和广州举办的多次研讨会，国内15位青年地理学者结合自身的研究基础和中国政治地理学和地缘政治学科建设和理论发展的需要，提出了一系列未来值得深入研究的中国政治地理学和地缘政治研究方向。这些研究方向具体包括：多尺度的地缘环境、科技地缘政治、批判地缘政治、环境政治、能源地缘政治、国别区域研究、通权论、民意政治、都市政治、劳工政治地理、区域一体化的政治地理、城市政治地理学、中西权地秩序比较、新技术革命催生的新人地关系、尺度政治、马克思主义政治地理学、历史政治地理和基于福柯治理术的空间-权力关系理论等。此外，各位青年学者一致认为，中国政治地理学和地缘政治研究应该具有多尺度特征、加强原创性理论研究、回归“地理空间-权力关系”的主线。希望本文抛砖引玉，引发更多关于中国政治地理学和地缘政治学科建设和理论发展的讨论和成果。 相似文献
2.
社会变革和制度文化制约下的“多尺度嵌入”——以缅甸莱比塘铜矿项目为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“一带一路”倡议的深入推进加速了中国企业对外投资的步伐。而对于这些“走出去”的企业而言,往往面临着东道国社会环境及治理结构变革、制度制约、文化冲突等多重挑战。此前经济地理学提出的“主动嵌入”和“被动嵌入”,并不能完全解释“一带一路”倡议背景下中国企业在“走出去”过程中所呈现的“外资”与东道国治理结构、地方制度文化环境之间的复杂相互作用关系。本研究构建了“全球-国家-地方”多尺度嵌入的分析框架,以缅甸莱比塘铜矿为例,阐释企业如何通过多样化制度创新,顺应东道国的社会变革,突破制度和文化的制约,从而取得政府、企业、当地社区“多赢”局面的合作模式,从而从新的视角理解制度的多尺度性和尺度之间的相互作用。研究发现：尺度要素之间存在耦合关联作用,且作用模式有不同的组合,同时多个尺度要素的嵌入和影响过程也存在时序效应。最后,结合莱比塘案例,为中国企业“走出去”提出了政策建议。 相似文献
3.
通过梳理西方尺度研究的内涵和主要内容,发现尺度主要包含尺度本体论、尺度隐喻和尺度实践3个主要要素。尺度的本体论认为尺度是静态的等级化的物质实体,尺度的隐喻体现在尺度可通过话语进行多样化的解构和表达,尺度实践表示尺度通过不同行动者间的互动进行社会建构以实现尺度的再创造。尺度的3个要素之间既有统一性又有对立性：在统一性上,尺度本体论为尺度隐喻与尺度实践的实现创造了前提,尺度隐喻及尺度实践发展了尺度本体论;在对立性上,尺度本体论是实在论立场,尺度隐喻和尺度实践是建构论的产物。西方尺度研究主要经历了2个典型的阶段：将尺度物化为固定的空间实体;不同行动主体运用尺度进行社会实践或话语表达。这启示中国化的尺度研究需要将两者结合起来,既要承认物质空间实体的作用,也要接受行动者的能动性,将尺度看作是人、物相互作用的关系网络。文章展示了尺度概念化框架并实现了尺度的应用路径归纳,具体体现在尺度化、尺度解构及尺度政治3个方面。同时提出将资源配置效果纳入到尺度实践的分析要素之中以实现尺度的政治经济,这不仅扩充了尺度的理论内涵,还增加了尺度的实践应用效果和范围。 相似文献
4.
A Queer Country? A case study of the politics of gay/lesbian belonging in an Australian country town
The present paper examines the complex politics of gay/lesbian belonging through a case study of Daylesford, Victoria, an Australian country town. It contributes to two research bodies: gay/lesbian rural geographies and the politics of belonging. Daylesford hosts ChillOut, Australia's largest rural gay/lesbian festival, which provides a telling context for investigating gay/lesbian belonging in rural Australia. We use qualitative data from the 2006 ChillOut Festival, including interviews with local residents, newspaper commentaries, and visitors’ surveys, to explore how Daylesford has been constructed, imagined, and experienced as a ‘unique’ site of gay/lesbian belonging in rural Australia. We find that ChillOut crucially contributes to its wider reputation as a gay-friendly country town, but also, we argue, to the contested nature of gay/lesbian belonging. This was most powerfully demonstrated by the local council's refusal to fly the gay-identified rainbow flag on the Town Hall during the 2006 Festival and its subsequent banning of the display of all festival flags from that key public building. Because ChillOut was the catalyst for this protocol, the resolution was viewed as homophobic. Indeed, the homophobic and heterosexist rhetoric that ensued in the Letters to the Editor section of the local newspaper revealed some residents’ underlying antagonism towards ChillOut and the local gay/lesbian community. Moreover, appealing to a shared ‘Australian identity’ and associated normative ‘family values’, these letter writers deployed a multi-scalar politics of belonging, where a sense of gay/lesbian belonging to Daylesford at the local scale was contested by the assertion of a ‘more meaningful’ national scale of allegiance fashioned by heteronormativity. 相似文献
5.
Rachel Silvey 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2004,25(2):141-155
Recent research has begun to explore the dynamics of transnational migration from a feminist perspective, and studies of migrant domestic workers have played a prominent role in pushing forward this work. Emerging simultaneously, but largely separately, are explicit debates within geography about the politics of scale, the social construction of scale, and the gender dimensions of scale. This article develops an analysis of the gender politics of the production of scale, specifically, the ‘transnationalisation’ of Indonesian activist approaches to overseas migrant domestic workers' issues. Based on fieldwork in an Indonesian community in West Java that has recently become a sending area for migrants to Saudi Arabia and interviews with activists representing Indonesian migrant women, the article examines the various gender‐specific ways in which migrant women's rights activists construct and deploy the scales of the body, the nation and the transnational. It argues that activist approaches to migrant domestic workers' rights and the ways in which activists mobilise migrant women's narratives represent sophisticated feminist theoretical approaches to scale. By identifying and exploring the scale theory embedded in activist strategies, the analysis highlights the imbrication of feminist theory with practice, and underscores activists' agency in producing the meanings of specific scales. In so doing, the article is aimed more broadly at elaborating the ambivalent relationship between feminist activism/theory and transnationalism. 相似文献
6.
Residential segregation is a dual process of socio-spatial differentiation in residents and spatio-temporal heterogeneity in dwelling.However,most of the existing studies are es-tablished from the single perspective of urban residents based on demographic data,which is difficult to reveal the dynamics and complex spatial reconstruction within and between cities.With the characteristics of both stability and timeliness,the rapidly changing housing market is one of the processes and results of socio-spatial reconfiguration,and it is undoubtedly a better lens to observe residential segregation.This paper adopts methods such as multi-group segregation index,multi-scalar segregation profiles,and decomposition of segregation index,with Nanjing and Hangzhou as case cities,and establishes multi-scalar segregation profiles and comparative models based on three geographical scales of census tract,block and grid,and different residential types.A quantitative study was conducted on the degree and pattern of multi-scalar residential segregation in Nanjing and Hangzhou from 2009 to 2018.The pa-per found that the spatial segregation index is an improvement of the non-spatial segregation index.There are differences between Nanjing and Hangzhou in the evolution process of residential segregation.Nanjing has a higher degree of spatial differentiation as a whole,among which spatial components have a more significant impact. 相似文献
7.
Zhijian Sun 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(3):519-538
This paper seeks to position socialist China in the mobility of global socialism in the context of Cold-War politics. It examines how the techno-politics of China and the Soviet-bloc's socialist tropical architecture differently reconfigured thermal exchanges between the environment, human body and a series of other multi-scalar things in Africa during the 1960s−1980s. Drawing on the theories of thermal material culture, techno-politics and science and technology studies (STS), it constructs a cross-cultural comparison between China and Soviet-bloc, aiming to achieve a more nuanced techno-political understanding of mid-late twentieth century socialist architecture in the Global South. It also hopes to contribute to recent scholarship about thermal comfort and governance in the context of climate change. 相似文献
8.
Vernon F. Cormier 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,136(2):373-384
The anisotropy of heterogeneity scale lengths in the lower mantle is investigated by modelling its effect on the high-frequency precursors of PKIKP scattered by the heterogeneities. Although models having either an isotropic or an anisotropic distribution of scale lengths can fit the observed coda shapes of short-period precursors, the frequency content of broad-band PKIKP precursors favours a dominantly isotropic distribution of scale lengths. Precursor coda shapes are consistent with 1 per cent fluctuations in P velocity in the wavenumber band 0.05–0.5 km−1 extending to 1000 km above the core–mantle boundary, and with a D" region open to circulation throughout the lower mantle. The level of excitation of PKIKP precursors observed in the frequency band 0.02–2 Hz requires a power spectrum of heterogeneity that is nearly white or slowly increasing with wavenumber. Anisotropy of scale lengths may exist in a D" layer having larger horizontal than vertical scale lengths and produce little or no detectable effects on PKIKP precursors for P -velocity perturbations as high as 3 per cent when averaged over a vertical scale of several kilometres, and much higher when averaged over scales of hundreds of metres or less. 相似文献
9.
基于2003—2018年长三角地区跨国、跨区以及区内企业异地投资数据,融合社会网络分析、面板向量自回归模型和地理加权回归模型等方法,探究长三角地区多尺度城市网络空间演化及其动态互馈效应。结果表明：① 全球、全国和区域尺度城市网络分别处于初步发展、稳步发展和完善发展阶段,各尺度网络均呈现出区域化倾向,以沪宁合杭甬发展廊道为支撑的网络空间结构正在形成。② 城市的全球与全国功能联系之间存在相互促进的关系;城市的区域功能联系提升能够促使其融入全球和全国尺度城市网络,反之,城市的全球与全国功能联系提升却未能促进其进一步融入长三角内部城市网络,融入全球尺度城市网络甚至对城市的区域功能联系产生显著的抑制作用。此外,多尺度城市网络互馈效应具有明显的空间异质性,并与区域经济发展格局相耦合。 相似文献
10.
进口能为区域带来新知识,而这些知识在本地的溢出具有多尺度的特征。论文认为,进口知识首先能够在企业内部溢出,继而跨越企业边界在区域内部溢出。企业通过在企业内部和区域内部对进口知识进行搜寻,能够促进自身的出口产品演化。基于此,论文建立知识溢出的多尺度研究框架,并利用2002—2016年中国海关进出口贸易库数据,证实了上述现象的存在。同时,研究发现,一方面,对于出口产品演化来说,企业内部和区域内部知识溢出的效用是相互替代的;另一方面,知识溢出效应呈现距离衰减的特征。分样本回归结果表明,在市场化水平较高的地区,区域内部的知识溢出对促进企业出口产品演化更有效,企业为实现产品出口更倾向于“求人”;而在市场化水平较低的地区,企业出口产品演化则更依赖于企业内部的知识溢出,倾向于“求己”。论文一定程度上丰富了学界关于不同地理尺度下的知识溢出及其相互关系的讨论,同时完善了学界对于企业出口产品演化机制的认识,具有一定的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
11.
老工业区重构是经济地理学的重要研究议题。在全球化步伐放缓和全球制造业下行的宏观背景下,老工业区已愈来愈成为各国发展战略制定的核心对象。对近十年有关老工业区重构的中外文献进行细致梳理,指出了当下研究存在范式应用多元化的趋势,但这些范式在概念使用、尺度聚焦、时空侧重和机制解释上存在显著差异,缺乏相互融合和优势互补,面临现实应用瓶颈。特别是,长期用于解释老工业区重构的演化经济地理学,因其忽视多尺度-多主体-多分析单元的能动性作用而难以有效解释重构过程、机制、结果及其背后的地理性。本文将转型研究中的多层次视角同演化范式相结合,提供了一种具备上下因果辩证解释力的多尺度分析框架,能有效解释老工业区重构问题。在此基础上,探讨了未来研究方向。 相似文献
12.
小城镇在城乡聚落体系中占据着重要位置。自20世纪中叶以来,小城镇分化发展逐渐成为世界范围内的普遍现象。随着城乡互动与全球流动的不断加剧,小城镇受区域、国家乃至全球尺度的影响愈加显著。因此,论文将尺度概念和尺度重组理论与小城镇相结合,对国外相关研究开展综述,以期对发达国家小城镇的转型发展提供合理解释。研究指出,小城镇具有多尺度性,可以用梯形尺度、嵌套尺度、网络尺度等隐喻进行具象化表达。小城镇的转型发展蕴含了尺度生产与再生产的过程,并且可进一步分为经济、社会、文化、政策等4个维度。研究认为,在全球化和城市化背景下,小城镇原有的“核心—边缘”结构发生重构,正在经历一个跨尺度的网络化的尺度重组过程。有些小城镇在此过程中走向衰落,有些则能够成为全球网络尺度中的节点,在梯形尺度方面实现了发展跃迁,在嵌套尺度方面则扩大了腹地范围。最后,研究认为基于尺度重组理论开展中国小城镇转型发展研究有利于突破就小城镇论小城镇的研究禁锢,但需要注意不同语境下的差异性。 相似文献
13.
This paper provides a geospatial analysis of regional inequality across provinces, prefectures and counties in China from 1997 to 2010 under a comparative spatiotemporal conceptual framework. Despite significant spatial agglomeration at all spatial scales, the extent of agglomeration shows an obviously downward trend from 2003 to 2006. Substantially stronger agglomeration of economic development is demonstrated at county scales. Local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) are employed to visualize the local spatial characteristics of economic growth. Four snapshots (in the years 1997, 2001, 2005, and 2010) of LISA indicate a dramatic north-shifting of hot spots of economic growth in response to the northward movement of foreign investors and spatial agglomeration besides institutional forces in China. Furthermore, local spatial agglomeration demonstrates a heterogeneous process: hot spots of economic development along the coast, cold spots in western China and no significant spatial clusters in central China. As the major carries of scale economies, metropolitan regions see decreasing internal agglomeration during this period with the exception of the Yangtze River Delta area, which shows a strong spatial spillover into its neighbourhood. Finally, LISA Markov and geovisualization methods are employed to predict the long-run properties of spatial distribution in multi-scalar China. The results show that downward co-movements of a county with its neighbours are more frequently encountered, perhaps resulting in the continuous concentration of poor areas in the long run. 相似文献
14.
Elena Trubina 《Urban geography》2019,40(4):387-408
The Olympics literature typically makes cities the predominant unit of analysis and investigates how and why certain cities host the Games. This article examines how the international and national self-seeking bureaucratic elites instrumentalize the Games across several spatial scales, with a host city functioning as a stage on which the multi-scalar actors use the Olympics to increase their legitimacy and to coopt large groups of populations and elites. The article offers the concept of multiscalar Olympics legitimacy necessary for the analysis of the organization of mega-events and their consequences for cities. It asks, how the actors at various geographical scales managed and exploited the Games? Drawing on the theories of legitimacy and mega-events, and data from interviews conducted in Russia between 2009 and 2015, I demonstrate that organizers used cooptation of professionals and nationalist legitimization as the instruments facilitating host city involvement in the Olympics. 相似文献
15.
国土空间治理是新时期中国国土资源开发、利用、保护、整治及修复的重要战略手段。当前国土空间治理体系在空间尺度上存在主导功能衔接失配,亟待统一不同尺度空间单元以统筹治理边界、提高治理效率。据此,面向传统治理单元管制边界的针对性问题导向,提出“通过不同理念或方式界定的国土空间单元具有不同的功能导向”等研究假设,并构建土地利用冲突、生态系统障碍、社会发展状态等指数在行政区划单元、自然生态单元、社会发展单元等治理单元上以成都市为例进行验证。结果表明,研究区国土空间治理问题属性的空间格局特征差异化显著,人类活动范围与自然环境限制之间的矛盾是导致区域内治理问题发生的核心因素。在空间相关性分析方面,所有治理问题类型在不同空间单元上均呈现显著自相关性,且均通过0.05显著性检验,但不同空间单元具有理论指向性特点。其中,社会发展单元更适合解决经济发展动力差距问题,自然生态单元更适合解决生态系统连通阻力问题,行政区划单元则更适合解决事权管理冲突问题。在此基础上,利用景观单元协调不同尺度空间单元的问题属性,将研究区划分为高山地带发展动力衰弱型（22.98%）、丘陵地带治理属性均衡型（11.55%）、乡村地区管理冲突加剧型（44.57%）、城乡边缘区发展主导复合型（9.44%）、核心建成区连通阻力增强型（11.46%）5类空间,进而实现多尺度空间单元的跨行政区融合路径。综合而言,有必要建立管理-保护-发展功能嵌套的空间单元集成体系,通过细化景观尺度将权力和责任从政府机构拓展至更广泛的行动参与者,系统地提升国土空间治理效能。 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we argue that the politics of aid in Sri Lanka 'after' the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami accentuated what we call the 'politics of purification'– the fragmented ethnic politics of territoriality – in Sri Lanka's east. The politics of purification entail geographical imaginations of a nation as 'the same people living in the same place'. We illustrate this with a case study on Muslim geographies in Kalmunai Divisional Secretariat division, on the coast of Ampara District, southeast Sri Lanka, where the politics of relocating Muslim families from the buffer zone created the conditions for the geographical imaginations of the politics of purification to play out. At the same time, our study indicates the antinomies of purification and the political fragmentation of Muslim geographies. 相似文献
17.
半日花(Helianthemum soongoricum)是古地中海区系的残遗种,是国家二级珍稀保护植物,种群数量和规模已非常有限。为了揭示半日花种群的结构和发展的空间规律,运用大小结构分析法将半日花种群分为3个龄级(Ⅰ级,d≤3cm;Ⅱ级,3cmd≤9cm;Ⅲ级,d9cm,d为植株体积(高度×冠幅)的立方根),并采用空间点格局分析中的O-ring统计方法研究了分布于西鄂尔多斯砾石质和石质生境的半日花种群的结构和不同发育阶段个体的空间格局及空间关联性。结果表明:(1)半日花个体主要集中在龄级Ⅱ,龄级Ⅰ和龄级Ⅲ的个体都较少,种群的更新受到限制;(2)半日花种群的空间分布格局与不同龄级间的空间关联性受生境条件的影响较大,并且对空间尺度表现出很强的依赖性。砾石质生境中的半日花种群及其各龄级在小尺度范围内呈聚集分布,随着尺度增大逐渐趋向于均匀分布,不同龄级间主要表现为(或接近于)负关联;石质生境中半日花种群及其各龄级在中小尺度呈聚集分布,随着尺度增加表现为随机分布,龄级Ⅲ与Ⅱ和龄级Ⅱ与Ⅰ之间的空间正关联或不关联关系更明显。这种差别与两种生境下的环境条件和群落结构有关;(3)半日花幼龄个体(龄级Ⅰ)在一定程度上受到了来自成年个体(龄级Ⅱ与Ⅲ)的竞争压力。研究结果对半日花的保护与利用具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
18.
Jeanne Kay Guelke 《Area》2007,39(3):268-277
This study of daily experiences of scale focuses on activity patterns recorded in the journal of a Mormon woman living in Pine Valley, Utah c.1890–1920. The household as 'private' domestic space was weakly developed, and both the home and village were sites of community activity. Lofland's concept of 'parochial space' distinguishes the spaces used by one's social and kinship networks vs areas occupied by strangers. In Pine Valley's isolated situation, large-scale economic and political involvement appeared limited. More significant for Mormon women was a transcendent religious ideology that furnished simultaneity and integration of scales. 相似文献
19.
粤港澳大湾区协同发展中的尺度陷阱 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
区域协同发展是区域发展战略的重要目标之一,也是人文地理学研究的核心议题之一。论文基于区域协同发展和尺度理论的新进展,探讨了粤港澳大湾区区域协同发展中的尺度陷阱,包括功能定位的尺度范围、自身尺度形式选择和多尺度主体的尺度政治。论文认为,粤港澳大湾区区域协同发展涉及不同尺度的功能定位、复杂的尺度形态和多尺度的利益博弈关系,在实证分析和政策设计中,必须尊重区域协同发展的过程性和诸多矛盾的普遍性,通过对比多尺度实证分析和方案设计的结果,推动积极有效的制度和模式创新,避免落入尺度错位和尺度政治的陷阱。文章在深化区域协同发展的理论和拓展尺度陷阱的应用两方面做出了贡献。 相似文献
20.
政治地理课程体系设计研究——中外主流教材和课纲比较视角 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当前的国际形势和国内治理问题对政治地理学理论和方法发展提出了巨大需求,但是目前国内政治地理学的学科和理论体系仍相对滞后,缺乏能够反映近二十年来理论进展和取得广泛共识的政治地理教材或课程体系。为此,本文在系统梳理和比较中西方主流政治地理教材和课程大纲的基础上,尝试提出一个面向中国当前需求的政治地理课程体系设计。该课程体系以“政治/权力”与“地理/空间”的关系为核心,以尺度为主线,包含学科概览、核心概念、国际尺度的政治地理理论、次国家尺度的政治地理理论和政治地理理论和方法的应用5大方面,纳入了关于学科思想史、方法论等方面的前沿成果和近年兴起的关于政治生态学、跨境移民、绅士化和“一带一路”倡议等理论议题,可供面向本科生和研究生的政治地理教材编写和课程设计参考。 相似文献