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用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LiMxMn2-xo4(M=Cr、Al;x≤0.2)尖晶石相锂离子电池阴极材料.SEM表面观测显示材料的晶形好,粒度均匀,粒径小于0.5微米.电化学测试表明,低水平量(0.02≤x≤0.05)的Cr、Al掺杂材料初始容量稍有降低,但却较大地改善了循环性能.在LiMxMn 2-xO4中,掺Al降低了Li+、Mn3+占位的无序度;Cr3+和Al3+取代了其中的部分Mn3+,占据八面体位(16d),抑制了Jahn-Teller效应,增强了尖晶石骨架的稳定性,提高了其电化学性能.在3.0～4.3V的充放电过程中,材料中的Cr、Al都保持+3价不变,不发生氧化还原. 相似文献
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用溶胶 -凝胶法制备了 L i Mx Mn2 - x O4( M=Cr、Al;x≤ 0 .2 )尖晶石相锂离子电池阴极材料。SEM表面观测显示材料的晶形好 ,粒度均匀 ,粒径小于 0 .5微米。电化学测试表明 ,低水平量 ( 0 .0 2≤ x≤ 0 .0 5 )的 Cr、Al掺杂材料初始容量稍有降低 ,但却较大地改善了循环性能。在 L i Mx Mn2 - x O4中 ,掺 Al降低了 L i+、Mn3+占位的无序度 ;Cr3+和 Al3+取代了其中的部分 Mn3+ ,占据八面体位 ( 16 d) ,抑制了 Jahn-Teller效应 ,增强了尖晶石骨架的稳定性 ,提高了其电化学性能。在 3.0～ 4.3V的充放电过程中 ,材料中的 Cr、Al都保持 +3价不变 ,不发生氧化还原 相似文献
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用柠檬酸作为螯合物的载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Al3+掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料LiAlxMn2-xO4,并用XRD、SEM等多种测试手段研究了不同掺杂铝量对粉体形貌、晶体结构的影响。结果表明,800℃烧结可获得单一尖晶石结构的物相。随着Al3+掺入量的增加,LiAlxMn2-xO4的晶格常数变小,晶格更趋于完整,有利于抑制因锂的反复脱嵌而造成结构的破坏。实验表明,当掺Al量为0.05时,首次放电容量为103.8 mAh/g,25次循环后容量还有100.6 mAh/g,容量衰减仅为3.08%。该正极材料具备高的容量和优异的循环性能。 相似文献
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以盐湖轻烧MgO粉和煅烧Al2O3粉为原料制备了4组微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料(镁铝尖晶石5 wt.%~20 wt.%),并采用XRD、SEM和压汞仪等研究了煅烧Al2O3粉添加量(3.7 wt.%,7.7 wt.%,12.1 wt.%和16.8 wt%)对其显微结构和性能的影响。煅烧Al2O3粉在骨料内部形成多孔状镁铝尖晶石颗粒,增加其添加量,可增大微孔骨料的显气孔率,降低体积密度。尽管多孔状镁铝尖晶石微颗粒与MgO微颗粒间存在微裂纹,降低了耐火骨料的抗折强度,但该多孔镁铝尖晶石微颗粒能够诱导微孔骨料中微裂纹产生偏转和裂纹分支,在经受热震冲击时,能改善微孔骨料的热震稳定性。当煅烧Al2O3粉的添加量为7.7wt.%时,微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料拥有最佳的综合性能,其体积密度为3.23 g/cm3,中位孔径为386.1 nm,抗折强度为45.2 MPa,800 °C导热系数为10.5 W/(m·K),热震后抗折强度保持率最高(97.0%)。 相似文献
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本要用情性气体保护下的高温熔融反应及液氮淬冷技术制备了Li_2S-B_2O_3体系玻璃。采用XRD、ICP及化学滴定法分别确定了产物的形态和化学组成。利用DTA星热法测定了玻璃的转变温度Tg、晶化温度Tc及晶化峰值温度Tp，并根据Tg、Tc-Tg、Tp－Tg、（Tp－Tg）／Tg四种玻璃稳定性判据讨论了Li2S-B2O3玻璃的相对稳定性。实验表明，Li2S-B2O3体系能在Li2S的摩尔分数X≤0．45的浓度范围形成玻璃，且在x=0．25附近玻璃的稳定性最强。 相似文献
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库仑法和电化学阻抗法是测量锂离子扩散系数有效的测量手段。以实验室自制的LiFePO4为实验电池正极材料,介绍如何用库仑法和阻抗法测试并计算电极材料的锂离子扩散系数。库仑法计算得到锂离子扩散系数由Li1-xFePO4(x=0)的9.6×10-9cm2.s-1变化为Li1-xFePO4(x=0.7)的1.1×10-11cm2.s-1。用阻抗法的两种模型,分别计算了Li1-xFePO4(x=0.65)的电池材料的锂离子扩散系数,结果分别是8.5×10-11cm2.s-1和3.1×10-12cm2.s-1。三种方法的计算结果接近。 相似文献
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以共沉淀氢氧化物Mi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2和Li2CO3为原料合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2.用XRD、SEM和电化学性能测试对材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了表征.试验结果表明,850 ℃烧结20 h所合成的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2样品的层状结构明显,颗粒形貌清晰,其首次放电容量达到143.8 mAhg-1,循环40次的平均容量衰减为0.72%/次,循环性能较好.循环伏安实验表明,该材料在3.9 V附近出现了一对对称性好的氧化还原峰. 相似文献
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研究了在液相共沉淀法制备长余辉发光粉体SrAl2O4∶Eu2+,Dy3+的过程中,原料锶铝比、煅烧温度、保温时间对前躯体和煅烧产物的物相组成以及产物的长余辉性能的影响。采用X射线粉晶衍射仪(XRD)、荧光材料余辉特性测试仪对发光材料的物相组成和性能进行测试表征。研究表明,液相共沉淀法制备长余辉发光粉体SrAl2O4∶Eu2+,Dy3+的最佳条件为锶铝量比为1∶2,烧结温度1200℃及保温时间为3h;长余辉材料的物相组成以SrAl2O4相为主晶相,并存在富铝相Sr4Al14O25、SrAl4O7和SrAl12O19。 相似文献
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滦河源区东沟小流域土壤风蚀特征分析 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8
土壤风蚀是世界许多地区面临的一个严峻环境问题，土壤风蚀特征是建立土壤风蚀预报模型，制定土壤风蚀防治措施的基础信息，综合考察了湾河源区东沟小流域地理环境特征，分析了不同风蚀强度下暗粟钙土的诊断特性，其结果表明，自然环境提供了土壤风蚀的物质条件，区域日益强化的农牧业及砍薪材活动则是土壤风蚀的触发驱动力；失去植被保护的干旱松散表土，在大风驱动下，其中的细砂和极细砂（0．01－0．10mm)首先以跃移，悬浮方式流失，而粗砂（2－0．25mm)则相对是非可风蚀颗粒；建立了定量刻划土壤风蚀相对强度指数，即SWEI＝粗砂含量／风蚀粒子含量，东沟小流域自然暗粟钙土表土SWEI≤2．0，轻度风蚀区表土SWEI≥3．0，重度风蚀区表土SWEI≥9．0，而在风积区表土SWEI≤1．5，该指标较好地反映了区域土壤风蚀强度的差异性。 相似文献
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D.E. Fresnillo Fedorenko O.A. Fernández C.A. Busso O.E. Elia 《Journal of Arid Environments》1996,33(4):409-416
The phenology ofMedicago minimavar.minimaandErodium cicutariumwas studied at two different field sites in the Calden District (approx. 10 million ha), a temperate semi-arid phytogeographical region in central Argentina. One site had been protected from wild and domestic herbivores for the 6 previous years. The other adjacent site had been exposed to continuous grazing by cattle for several decades. A phenological key was made for each species in 1988, and this key was improved during the 1989 growing season when phenological observations were made every 1–3 weeks.The growth cycle ofM. minimaandE. cicutariumwas similar at the two studied sites. Initiation of the cycle occurred in autumn and appeared to be associated with soil water availability. Phenological patterns were very dynamic at the reproductive stage in both species. This stage started earlier and was faster inE. cicutariumthan inM. minima. The end of the growing season occurred during late spring, concomitant with high maximum air temperatures. Our results suggest that these species hasten their development when air temperature increases and soil water availability decreases. This could be an important strategy in these species which allows them to persist as seeds, and produce a new generation under favourable environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Summary. Twenty-two plateau ages obtained by the 40 Ar/39 Ar step-heating method span most of the time of formation of eastern Iceland. With one exception the dates are consistent with the stratigraphy, the exception having a very unusual argon release pattern. It is concluded that the 40 Ar/39 Ar step-heating method can give correct dates on hydrothermally altered samples the total fusion ages of which are not correct; however, it is not possible to conclude from the results obtained that the method is inherently more accurate than the conventional method using carefully selected samples.
Though it is known from geological evidence that minor irregularities of spreading have occurred the results show that, within the resolution of the dates, spreading has been steady and symmetrical; in particular, neither a large eastward jump nor repetitive westward jumps can have occurred. The average half spreading rate for the period 2Myr to 12 Myr ago was 0.78 ± 0.16 cm yr-1 . 相似文献
Though it is known from geological evidence that minor irregularities of spreading have occurred the results show that, within the resolution of the dates, spreading has been steady and symmetrical; in particular, neither a large eastward jump nor repetitive westward jumps can have occurred. The average half spreading rate for the period 2Myr to 12 Myr ago was 0.78 ± 0.16 cm yr-
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Mark A. Riedesel Duncan Agnew Jon Berger Freeman Gilbert 《Geophysical Journal International》1980,62(2):457-471
Summary. Using nine IDA records for the Indonesian earthquake of 1977 August 19, we have formed an optimal linear combination of the records and have measured the frequency and Q of 0 S 0 and 1 S 0 . The frequency was measured using the moment ratio method. The attenuation was measured by the minimum width method and by the time-lapse method. The frequency and attenuation were measured simultaneously by varying them to obtain a best fit to the data. A 2000-hr stack, the sum of nine individual records, for 0 S 0 gave a frequency of 0.814664 mHz±4 ppm. The values for the Q of 0 S 0 for the three different methods of measurement were 5600,5833 and 5700, respectively. The error in the estimates of Q -1 is about 5 per cent for the minimum power method. For 1 S 0 a 300-hr stack yielded a frequency of 1.63151 mHz±30 ppm. The values of Q for this mode were 1960, 1800 and 1850, respectively, with an error in Q -1 of about 12 per cent for the minimum power method. 相似文献