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1.
基于SWAT模型的渭河流域干旱时空分布   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
以渭河流域为例,从流域水文循环的角度出发,在SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型和Palmer干旱指数(Palmer Drought Severity Index)原理的基础上提出了干旱分析模型SWAT-PDSI,对渭河流域干旱的时空演变规律和发生频率进行了分析。研究结果表明:1经率定和验证的SWAT模型能够较好地模拟渭河流域的水文变化过程;2利用SWAT-PDSI对典型干旱事件(1995年干旱)的评估结果显示,该模型能较好地反映渭河流域干旱的时空差异和变化规律;3渭河流域、渭河干流和泾河流域均表现为变干的趋势,而北洛河流域表现为变湿的趋势,但均未通过95%的置信水平检验;4渭河流域多数子流域的SWAT-PDSI多年平均值处于-1~1,说明该流域多数地区处于正常状态;5渭河流域北部的北洛河流域和泾河流域的上游地区易发生干旱,发生中等以上、严重以上和极端干旱事件的频率最高。  相似文献   

2.
2001-2013年华北地区植被覆盖度与干旱条件的相关分析   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
基于MODIS-NDVI遥感数据以及地表气象数据,计算了2001-2013年华北地区的修正Palmer干旱指数(Palmer Drought Severity Index,PDSI)和植被覆盖度,总结出植被覆盖度以及PDSI的年际变化规律,从华北地区生态分区的角度分析了二者的相关关系。结果表明:① 华北平原的植被覆盖度呈南高北低、中部高四周低的分布特点,最低为内蒙古高原草原生态区的0.61,最高为淮阳丘陵地区的0.84;② 2001-2013年,华北平原整体植被覆盖度主要呈上升趋势,其中华北的北部、西部、南部山区及丘陵地带植被覆盖度主要呈上升趋势,而华北平原农业区以及京津唐城郊地带植被覆盖度呈下降趋势;③ 华北地区的东北部有变潮湿的趋势,南部则有变干旱的趋势,其他地区干旱条件变化不明显;④ 华北地区植被覆盖度与气候干旱程度的平均相关系数为0.20,73.37%的地区相关系数为正,正相关关系最为明显的地区为华北地区的西北部,而北京、天津、以及河北省与河南省一级、二级城市的城郊地区相关系数多为负值。⑤ 在华北大部分地区,夏季和秋季的气候干旱条件对植被覆盖度的影响最为明显。  相似文献   

3.
康淑媛  杨保 《中国沙漠》2013,33(2):619-625
利用采自甘肃省南部莲花山的青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)和紫果云杉(Picea purpurea Mast.)两组不同树种的树轮样芯共计113个样本,通过对两组树木年轮宽度标准年表的统计特征的分析得出: 两组树轮宽度年表的平均敏感度和标准差的变化基本相同,但是紫果云杉信噪比的值要高于青海云杉,说明不同树种包含的气候信息强度不同。两组树轮宽度指数与临洮气象站多年逐月降水量、平均气温和极端最高气温的相关性分析表明,两组树轮宽度指数对气象要素的响应并不完全一致,紫果云杉树轮宽度指数与逐月极端最高温度的相关系数值大于青海云杉,说明这一气候信号在紫果云杉上体现得更加显著。因此,在使用树木年轮进行古气候重建时,应当考虑树种对树轮宽度与气候要素之间相关关系的影响。两组树轮宽度指数与气候要素以及帕尔默干旱指数(The Palmer Drought Severity Index,PDSI)的季节组合和年均相关性都不显著,所以两组树轮年表不足以用于气候重建。通过与邻近区域的4条树轮年表对比,发现本文两条树轮年表的低值时段与邻近年表记录的20世纪20年代的干旱事件发生的年代一致。  相似文献   

4.
马梓策  孙鹏  张强  姚蕊 《地理科学》2022,42(1):152-162
选择4种遥感干旱监测模型,与土壤相对湿度(RSM)和自校准帕默尔干旱指数(sc-PDSI)进行相关性分析,并探讨了研究区生长季干旱的时空变化特征。结果表明:作物缺水指数(CWSI)和植被供水指数(VSWI)更适合监测华北地区的土壤水分,在草原区和农区CWSI干旱监测较好,在森林区和荒漠区VSWI干旱监测效果较好;研究区干旱化趋势有所减缓,且2007—2011年为干旱到湿润的转折区间;干旱空间分布呈北部大于南部、西部大于东部的变化趋势,阿拉善高原的干旱最严重,而大兴安岭山脉基本无干旱发生;干旱整体上向好的趋势发展,尤其是鄂尔多斯南部、山西省、燕山山脉和华北地区-东北地区交界处的农区,且易旱区重心有向西移动的趋势,该成果可以为区域农业干旱监测提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

5.
几种干旱评估指标在宁夏的应用对比分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王素艳  郑广芬  杨洁  李欣 《中国沙漠》2012,32(2):517-524
简要分析了几种干旱评估指标(Pa、K、SPI、PDSI和CI)与实况的等级差异;重点对比分析了Pa、K指数和SPI指数的干旱频率、干旱等级一致率、空漏评估率等与干旱实况的差异。结果表明,Pa、SPI指数和PDSI指数的评估效果接近;CI指数的评估效果与K指数接近。大部分年份Pa、K指数和SPI指数的等级较实况偏低,K指数更接近实际等级;大部分地区K指数较Pa和SPI指数反映的干旱频率高,K指数放大了干旱频率,尤其放大了中旱频率,Pa和SPI指数明显缩小了干旱频率;K指数的绝对一致率和相对一致率均高于Pa和SPI指数,大部分出现干旱的年份,K指数都能体现出来;Pa和SPI指数各等级的一致率差异不大。同时,K指数的空评估率较Pa和SPI指数高,漏评估率最低,其空、漏评估率之和最小,而且春旱小于其他3个季节的干旱。综合分析,K指数和CI综合干旱指数评估效果较好,但需进一步改进以适宜宁夏应用。  相似文献   

6.
以天山北坡为实验区,采用2002-2008年精河、乌苏、石河子、蔡家湖4个气象站的气象数据,进行月的水分平衡及其各分量的多年平均值计算,然后计算各气候常数;基于气候常数计算气候适宜蒸散量、气候适宜补水、气候适宜径流量、气候适宜失水量,确定月正常气候所需的水量,即气候适宜降水量;进而计算水分距平,最终确定研究区的帕默尔干旱指数.对帕默尔干旱指数与本地的历史文献记录的实际干旱情况进行对比,验证了帕默尔干旱指数模式的可应用性,并得出了研究区内4站点的帕默尔干旱指数计算公式,根据该指数计算的结果与实际的旱情记录相符合.  相似文献   

7.
宋柏泱  陈报章 《地理研究》2022,41(8):2251-2264
在全球变暖和极端气候事件频发的背景下,分析干旱特征及其风险不仅对经济社会发展具有重要实际价值,而且可为研究气候变化与人类活动的相互作用关系提供参考。瓜达尔港地区是“一带一路”倡议的重要交通要道。本文遵循灾害风险评估理论,采用趋势分析方法对瓜达尔港地区进行干旱灾害风险分析。结果表明:① 瓜达尔港地区整体干旱灾害危险性指数为0.5左右,南部地区遭受干旱灾害的可能性比北部低,东部地区遭受干旱灾害的可能性较高;② 暴露度指数整体在0.5左右,中部沿海地区由于经济发达而较容易受到干旱灾害影响,西北部地区有较高的暴露度指数;③ 脆弱性指数整体偏低,并且大致呈由北向南递减的趋势;④ 瓜达尔港地区为中度干旱风险,其中部沿海地区、东北部以及西部小部分区域有相对较高的干旱风险,只有较少的零星区域有较低的干旱风险水平;⑤ 该地区帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)变化率全部呈下降趋势,意味着该地区整体干旱趋势有所增加。  相似文献   

8.
亚洲内陆干旱区NDVI与树木生长的气候响应及其影响因素   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
基于亚洲内陆干旱区的树木年轮宽度指数(RWI)、归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)和气候数据,采用空间统计方法和相关分析法分析了NDVI和RWI变化的一致性,探讨了NDVI和RWI对气候的响应,揭示了影响NDVI和RWI气候响应的相关因素。结果表明:1982—2000年亚洲内陆干旱区的树木生长和NDVI均呈增加趋势,生长季NDVI与RWI大多具有同步性变化特征,大多数地区5、6月NDVI受同期气温的影响,而4、5月NDVI主要受同期降水的影响;RWI主要受6—7月气温和4、6月和7月降水或帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)的影响;大部分地区的NDVI和RWI对气温的响应具有一致性,但它们对降水或PDSI的响应存在很大差异;海拔和水热条件对不同地区的NDVI和RWI的气候响应有较大的影响。本研究对于认识亚洲内陆干旱区植被与树木生长的气候响应及其影响因素具有一定的科学意义。  相似文献   

9.
Palmer干旱指数在华北干旱分析中的应用   总被引:39,自引:2,他引:39  
卫捷  陶诗言  张庆云 《地理学报》2003,58(Z1):91-99
利用中国气象局整编的1951年1月~2000年10月中国160站气温、降水月平均资料,计算了1951年1月~2000年10月我国160站修正的Palmer drought severity index(PDSI).PDSI指数对我国的干旱和洪涝过程都有很好的指示意义.华北地区干旱持续性非常强,持续时间一般都在两年以上.华北地区干旱不但年际变化大,年代际变化也显著,近50年来华北干旱主要发生在20世纪70年代以后,且干旱强度有所增加.夏季伴随干旱过程常常出现高温酷暑天气.  相似文献   

10.
为了进一步探讨应用标准化径流指数(Standardized Runoff Index,SRI),进行水文干旱识别时存在的干旱等级划分及其临界值如何确定问题,构建了新的区域水文干旱指数,并应用于典型区水文干旱识别。即以东南沿海晋江流域为研究区,利用该流域2个水文站和3个气象站1960—2006年逐月径流和降水数据,结合径流距平百分比和降水距平百分比,构建了区域水文干旱指数SHI(Standardized Hydrology Index),获得了相应的干旱等级发生频率,进而以SHI累计频率确定了区域水文干旱指数SHI各干旱等级临界值。结果表明,基于SRI和区域水文干旱指数SHI,可以较好地识别过去47 a中晋江流域发生的主要水文干旱事件,且SHI临界值较SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index)临界值对重要水文干旱事件识别更为敏感,结果更为合理。  相似文献   

11.
利用昌灵山早材宽度年表重建腾格里沙漠南缘在过去315 a的5~6月份PDSI指数变化,重建方程的方差解释量达42.0%。腾格里沙漠南缘5~6月的PDSI指数重建序列平均值为-0.32。腾格里沙漠南缘5~6月的PDSI指数重建序列对西北地区干旱极端历史事件有良好的响应。空间分析显示腾格里沙漠南缘5~6月的PDSI指数重建序列与亚洲季风尾闾区PDSI指数的变化比较一致,同时还与西北地区的多条PDSI指数重建序列有着良好的相关性。腾格里沙漠南缘5~6月的PDSI指数重建序列具有25 a(95%)、12 a(95%)、3.4 a(99%)、2.8 a(99%)、2.6 a(99%)、2.3 a(95%)的周期变化。  相似文献   

12.
Lacking a federal policy to address local water deficiencies within the United States, many states have developed their own methods for monitoring drought in an effort to mitigate its effects. This article provides an overview of efforts to standardize the use of drought indices in order to compare recent and historical drought both spatially and temporally for Arizona. Yearly averages of the Palmer Drought Severity Index and the Standardized Precipitation Index are placed into a frequency distribution to create standardization among the indices. The 1896–1904 drought ranked as the most severe, although the 1996–2004 drought was a close second.  相似文献   

13.
Climate change is one of the most important factors that affect vegetation distribution in North China. Among all climatic factors, drought is considered to have the most significant effect on the environment. Based on previous studies, the climate drought index can be used to assess the evolutionary trend of the ecological environment under various arid climatic conditions. It is necessary for us to further explore the relationship between vegetation coverage (index) and climate drought conditions. Therefore, in this study, based on MODIS-NDVI products and meteorological observation data, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and vegetation coverage in North China were first calculated. Then, the interannual variations of PDSI and vegetation coverage during 2001–2013 were analyzed using a Theil-Sen slope estimator. Finally, an ecoregion perspective of the correlation between them was discussed. The experimental results demonstrated that the PDSI index and vegetation coverage value varied over different ecoregions. During the period 2001–2013, vegetation coverage increased in the southern and northern mountains of North China, while it showed a decreasing trend in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan City Circle area and suburban agricultural zone located in Hebei Province and Henan Province). Over 13 years, the climate of the northeastern part of North China became more humid, while in the southern part of North China, it tended to be dry. According to the correlation analysis results, 73.37% of North China showed a positive correlation between the vegetation coverage and climate drought index. A negative correlation was observed mainly in urban and suburban areas of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, and Henan Province. In most parts of North China, drought conditions in summer and autumn had a strong influence on vegetation coverage.  相似文献   

14.
Tree-ring data can be used to provide high-resolution records of climate variability in areas like the Tengger Desert where few other records exist. In the present work, three tree-ring-width chronologies in the Luoshan Mountains in north-western China showed synchronous variation. These were averaged to develop a comprehensive chronology that was then used to reconstruct the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) since 1897 AD for the grid point N 38°45′, E 103°45′ in the Tengger Desert. The annual PDSI and tree-ring widths in the Changlingshan Mountains at the southern margin of the Tengger Desert matched well (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), indicating the reliability of the reconstruction. The annual PDSI dry and wet periods were consistent with recorded lake sediments in the northern Mu Us Desert. The dry periods in the Tengger Desert were compatible with the relatively low PDSI in the Ortindag Sand Land in eastern Inner Mongolia. Abrupt climate variability occurred around 1922, 1933, 1934, 1935 and 1936, in line with abrupt changes in the Asian monsoon system in the 1930s. Distinct periods of about 2–4 years and 5–7 years were evident in the reconstructed PDSI.  相似文献   

15.
The East Central climate division of Louisiana is used as a case study to evaluate relationships between divisional climate data and the 15 largest flood events on each of seven rivers during a 25-year period. Monthly precipitation and moisture surplus (a water-budget component) are correlated with number of rivers in flood within the division; the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is not. Although divisional data sets index climatic variability for nearly 100 years, this study indicates that some cautions should be considered when applying divisional data to flood analyses. [Key words: water budget, PDSI, climate division data, flooding, storm precipitation.]  相似文献   

16.
The Palmer Index (PI) was employed to compare anomalous dry spells with anomalous wet spells for 76 climatic divisions in the central United States. Comparisons were made in terms of the frequency, severity and persistence of wet and dry climatic episodes for the period 1931–75. The results indicated more frequent dry anomalies in the southwest (New Mexico and west Texas) portion of the study area and more frequent wet anomalies in the northeast (Illinois and Iowa). Not surprisingly, these are the most arid and most humid portions respectively. The results of the analysis for persistence were less clear. Typically dry anomalies lasted longer than wet anomalies, especially as the minimum length was increased. This was especially apparent when comparing the very longest dry spell with the very longest wet spell during the 45-year study period. Thus there are more but shorter wet spells and less frequent, but typically longer lasting dry spells. This final relationship posits the question of feedback processes between surface soil moisture and the persistence of atmospheric precipitation anomalies. [Key Words: Palmer Index, drought, moisture anomalies, wet spells, dry spells.]  相似文献   

17.
基于SPI的1960~2012年西南地区水稻生长季干旱时空特征分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
基于1960~2012年逐月降水资料,选取标准化降水指数(SPI)为干旱衡量指标,将SPI1与水稻各生长阶段(Growth Period of Rice,GPR)相结合,研究西南地区近53 a来整体和水稻(Oryza sativa)4个生长阶段的干旱时空演变特征。结果表明:整体上,西南地区历年干旱站次比均高于50%,全域性干旱特征显著。水稻不同生长阶段干旱时空分布特征差异显著。① GPR1和GPR2阶段以全域性干旱为主,GPR3和GPR4阶段则呈现局域性干旱>区域性干旱>全域性干旱的特征;② 生长阶段内干旱连续性特征明显,尤其是GPR2 阶段,易发生周期为2~6 a的全域性干旱和区域性干旱。③ 轻旱高值区呈现由东北向西南转移的趋势;中旱高发区呈现出明显的从北部向南部移动的趋势;重旱高发区各阶段空间分布差异较大。④ 水稻在GPR1和GPR2阶段主要受轻旱和中旱影响;GPR3和GPR4阶段重旱发生频率上升,影响范围增大。  相似文献   

18.
近50 年西南地区极端干旱气候变化特征   总被引:45,自引:1,他引:44  
利用中国气象局整编的1960-2009 年西南地区108 站逐日气温、降水等资料,计算年、月地表湿润指数,并进行标准化,统计极端干旱发生频率,对年际、年代际、季风期和非季风期的极端干旱变化特征进行分析,得出结论:(1) 整体上,四川盆地西南部、横断山区南端、广西南部沿海和贵州北部是近50 年来年极端干旱发生频率明显增加的地区;年代际变化上,20 世纪60-80 年代极端干旱呈逐渐减少趋势,高发区交替出现在东南-西北-东,90 年代下降明显,整个地区都转湿,进入21 世纪后,极端干旱距平呈现正距平,且增幅较大,区域间差异却显著减小。(2) 季风期与非季风期的极端干旱变化有很大差异,季风期极端干旱频率在不断增加,多发生在四川盆地周边海拔较高的山区、广西大部和“帚形山脉”地带,海拔对季风期极端干旱发生频率有一定影响;非季风期缓慢下降,整体偏湿。(3) 通过滑动t 检验和小波分析发现,季风期西南极端干旱在2003 年发生突变,非季风期在1989 年突变,年极端干旱发生频率是季风期和非季风期的突变叠加的结果;年极端干旱存在准5年和准12 年的周期变化。  相似文献   

19.
This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), namely the PDSI_TH(potential evapotranspiration estimated-by the Thornthwaite equation) and the PDSI_PM(potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize the meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in the Loess Plateau(LP) and its four subregions. By designing a series of numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climatic factors' contributions to the drought trends at annual, summer, and autumn time scales. Overall, the drying trend in the PDSI_TH is much larger than that in the PDSI_PM. The former is more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, while the latter is the most sensitive to precipitation among all meteorological factors. Increasing temperature results in a decreasing trend(drying) in the PDSI_TH, which is further aggravated by decreasing precipitation, jointly leading to a relatively severe drying trend. For the PDSI_PM that considers more comprehensive climatic factors, the drying trend is partly counteracted by the declining wind speed and solar radiation. Therefore, the PDSI_PM ultimately shows a much smaller drying trend in the past decades.  相似文献   

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